Frog anatomy
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![Page 1: Frog anatomy](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081420/5550324eb4c9059f318b4f11/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
trunk Head
Eye
Tail ? Neck ?
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Nictitating membrane
image from: http://www.spc.cc.tx.us/biology/jmckinney/Studyimages/frog/frogdissectlist.html
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• Forelimbs and Hind limbs help in swimming, walking, leaping and burrowing
• Hind limbs ends in five digits and they are larger and muscular than fore limbs that end in four digits.
• Feet have webbed digit that help in swimming.
• Male frogs can be distinguished by the presence of sound producing vocal sacs and also a copulatory pad on the first digit of the fore limbs which are absent in female frogs
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NO CLAWS
image from: http://www.spc.cc.tx.us/biology/jmckinney/Studyimages/frog/frogdissectlist.html
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38. Auricle (atrium)39. Ventricle40. Conus arteriosus42. Lung43. Liver44. Gall bladder46. Small intestine47. Large intestine49. Spleen50. Kidney51. Fat bodies52. Urinary bladder55. Adrenal gland56. testis
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Pericardial membrane around heartMesentery holds intestines together
image from: http://www.spc.cc.tx.us/biology/jmckinney/Studyimages/frog/frogdissectlist.html
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Digestive system
• Alimentary canal and dig. Glands
• Alimentary canal short– carnivorous
•Mouth,Oesophagus, Intestine, Rectum, Cloacal, Aperture, Buccal cavity, Pharynx, Stomach.
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Diagrammatic Representation of Internal Organs of frog showing complete digestive system
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Mouth
Buccal Cavity
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Intestine
Rectum
Cloacal Aperture
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image from: http://www.spc.cc.tx.us/biology/jmckinney/Studyimages/frog/frogdissectlist.html
GLOTTISOpening torespiratory
GULLETOpening to digestive
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STOMACH:
LIVER:
GALL BLADDER
Make acid (HCl) and digestive enzymesStart digestion (grind up food)
Make bile(bile emulsifies fat)Store glycogenStore vitaminsProcess toxins (including nitrogen waste) for kidneys
Store bile
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PANCREAS
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Pancreas (enlarged)
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PANCREAS :- produces pancreatic juice
Makes TRYPSIN, INSULIN, GLUCAGON
TRYPSIN- breaks down proteins
INSULIN- tells cells to store glucose from
bloodstream as glycogen
GLUCAGON- tells cells to release stored
glucose to blood stream
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SPLEEN
Produces and stores new RBC’s and processes old worn out ones
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SMALL INTESTINE
DUODENUM-first part of intestine
Receives trypsin and bile; finishes digestion
ILEUM
Absorbs nutrients
VILLI & MICROVILLI
Increase surface area
http://neuromedia.neurobio.ucla.edu/campbell/epithelium/wp_images/107%20villi.jpg
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LARGE INTESTINE
Removes water from digestive waste;
concentrates feces
Undigested waste move into rectum and pass out through cloaca
http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/frog/largeintestine.html
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BREATHING THROUGH SKIN is called CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION
Respiratory System
Acquatic Respiratory organ
(Diffusion)
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LUNGS:- Pulmonary Respiration
GASEXCHANGE
http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/frog/index.html
http://www.stclement.pvt.k12.il.us/studentWeb/science98/GarrittPatM/alveoli.gif
On Land Buccal cavity skin and Lungs –Respiratory organs
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Larvae breathe with GILLS
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Circulatory System
Well developed closed typeIt includes heart, blood vessels and blood
Heart :- Muscular, three chambered covered by pericardium
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HEART3 chambered heartRight atriumLeft atriumVentricle
Sinus Venosus
joins to right atrium
Ventricles opens to conus arteriosus
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Images from: http://www2.volstate.edu/msd/BIO/1020/Lab7ChordateII.htm
ADULT FROG: 3 chamber heart 2 loop system
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Sinus venosus
RIGHTAtrium
Ventricle Conus arteriosus
Lungs
Bodyorgans
LEFTAtrium
FROG CIRCULATION
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Portal Circulatory System
• Hepatic portal system - Special venous connection between liver and intestine
• Renal portal system - Between kidney and lower parts of the body
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MOST vertebrates have nuclei in their RBC’s
MAMMALS DON’T
Frog blood composed of Plama, RBC, WBC and plateletts
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Sinus venosus
RIGHTAtrium
Ventricle Conus arteriosus
Lungs
Bodyorgans
LEFTAtrium
FROG CIRCULATION
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10 Body Systems :___________________ Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells
Nitrogen waste has different chemical forms:
___________ __________ _____________
MOST TOXIC made from LEAST TOXIC ammonia by needs the least
liver water to dilute FISH HUMANS BIRDS, REPTILES
AMPHIBIANS
EXCRETORY
AMMONIA UREA URIC ACID
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Image from: http://step.sdsc.edu/projects95/Frog.Dissection/index.html
KIDNEYS- Remove nitrogen waste from blood and dilute it with water to make urine; osmoregulation
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URINARY BLADDER
http://www.manheimcentral.org/~tw005690/Frog/frog.htm
STORES URINE MADE BY KIDNEYS
LARVAE (Tadpoles)Excrete AMMONIA like fish
Adult frogs excrete UREA to conserve water
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CLOACADIGESTIVE
EXCRETORY
REPRODUCTIVE
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