Friday 9/7/12

• AIM: How do we know we are studying the living environment?

• DO NOW: List as many words as you can with the root bio in it

What is biology?

Bio- life

Logy- the study of

This includes both the visible world of plants and animals as well as invisible world of bacteria and algae

• Biography:– A story written about

someone else

• Autobiography:– A story about yourself

bionic

• Applying living methods in engineering processes

Biomechanics

• study of the structure and function of biological systems by means of the methods of mechanics

• Ex: How do the different joints in the human body work?

biochemist

• Study of chemical processes in a living thing

Biome

• Large ecosystem with all of the same physical and animal components

• Ex:• Temperate deciduous

forest

Biosphere

• All of the living things that are on the earth

• Besides humans and trees, list at least 5 things that can be considered part of the biosphere

Biodegradable

• Objects that can naturally be broken down and replaced into the environment

• Ex:– Meats– Cheeses– Fruits– vegetables

Symbiosis

• Two living things living together in some type of relationship

Thursday 9/12/13

• AIM: How are different branches of science connected to the living environment?

• DO NOW: Explain how the root bio can help you define an unknown word like biogenesis

• HOMEWORK:Research questions.

Subdivisions of Biology:The Study of Life

1. Biochemistrystudy of chemical compounds and

reactions within organisms2. Cytology

study of cells, cell parts & processes

3. Reproductive Biology• asexual & sexual methods• reproductive strategies• human reproduction

4. Genetics• patterns of inheritance• how DNA controls inheritance• how environment affects inherited

traits• manipulation of genetic

characteristics5. Evolutionary Biology

genetic change over generations

6. Taxonomyscientific classification of

organisms

7. Botanystudy of plants

8. Anatomystudy of structure in organisms

9. Physiologystudy of how organisms function

10. Embryologystudy of development

Of embryos/offspring

11. Ecologyhow organisms interact with each other and with their physical environment

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgTPg99V_JM

• AIM: How can we describe a living thing?

• DO NOW: Handout: Circle the living things and place a square around the nonliving things

• Homework: Read pages 17-19. answer questions 1,3 on page 19

• WRITE OUT THE QUESTION FOLLOWED BY THE CORRECT ANSWER!

• Ex: What is your science teacher’s name?

• C.Mrs. Naus

9/17/13 Tuesday

• AIM: how can we identify living things?

• DO NOW: Observe the two pictures below. Which of the two are alive and how do you know?

Question

• How would you determine if something is living or non-living?

Answer: Life is defined according to specific characteristics

• The characteristics vary slightly but there are ten characteristics always solid– Cellular– Organization– Require energy– Homeostasis and Metabolism– Growth and development– Reproduction– Responsiveness– Heredity– Adaptation and evolution– Movement

Assessment

• Are the bubbles living or non living? How do you know?

• AIM: How are all living things similar?

• DO NOW: Read the top of your handout: Exploring the characteristics of living things. Using your knowledge of the characteristics of Life, fill in each blank at the top.

• HOMEWORK: Text page 19 questions 5 and 6

Wednesday 9/18/13

• AIM: How do living things display all of the characteristics of life?

• Do now: explain how your body is organized

• Homework: Textbook pg 19 q 4-6 write out the question followed by the answer. Remember proper heading

Life is defined according to specific characteristics

• The characteristics vary slightly but there are ten characteristics always solid– Cellular– Organization– Require energy– Homeostasis and Metabolism– Growth and development– Reproduction– Responsiveness– Heredity– Adaptation and evolution– Movement

The cell: the basic unit of life• Smallest unit capable

of performing all life processes

• Some organisms are single celled like bacteria or multi billion celled like us

Human Cells

Organization

• Single celled organisms are organized into parts called organelles

• Multicellular organisms are highly complex organized units

Human body organization

• Cell• Tissue• Organ• Organ system• Organism

Require energy

• Above is the molecular model of ATP the energy producing molecule.

Metabolism• The ability to do work• All chemical processes performed by a living

thing– Ingestion– Egestion– Excretion– Digestion– Respiration– Absorption– synthesis

How would you determine if something is living or not?

homeostasis

• Constant internal balance

• Metabolism helps to maintain homeostasis

Responsiveness: ability to respond to a stimuli

• Stimulus: change in internal or external environment

• Response; reaction

Growth and development• Increase in cell size and cell number

Development: change in form

Development: differentiation

Thursday 9/19/13• AIM: How do we investigate the living

world?

• DO NOW: Explain the difference between growth and development

• HOMEWORK:STUDY FOR TOMORROWS QUIZ!!!!

Reproduction• Life can only come from other living

creatures • Reproduction is necessary for the

population not the individual• Reproduction is either asexual or sexual

– Asexual: one parent produces a genetically identical offspring

– Sexual: two parents produce an offspring that is a genetic combination of both

• As a characteristic of life, is reproduction necessary for the individual or for the species? Why or Why not?

Heredity:• Living organisms

inherit traits from the parent organisms that created them

• DNA is the inherited molecule

Evolution and adaptation• Adaptation: trait that

helps the individual or species survive

• Evolution: shift in observable characteristics within the population

How are adaptation and evolution related to heredity?

Successful adaptions are passed on to offspring through heredity

This causes a shift in observable traits over a period of time (evolution)

Homeostasis:

• constant internal environment

• If the balance is disrupted, malfunction sets in

• Homeostasis is maintained by two types of regulatory processes– Positive and negative feedback

Group Activity: in pairs

• 1- how would you determine the difference between a living thing, non living thing and something that is dead?

• 2- Imagine if you were a biologist who had never been to Earth before. You have been sent on a mission to determine whether these things called “trees” are alive. How do trees satisfy the characteristics of living things?

• Living things: MUST display ALL of the characteristics of life

• NON-living things: display some possible 9 out of 10 BUT NOT ALL

• DEAD: things that are dead were once living therefor at one time they displayed ALL of the characteristics but they no longer do

• AIM: how can we determine the difference between living, nonliving and dead?

• DO NOW: handout circle the pictures of living things and square the nonliving things. In your notebooks explain why you characterized each as such.

• HOMEWORK: Textbook read pages 10-12. Define observation, hypothesis, experiment,control group, independent variable, dependent variable

Characteristics of ALL living things

– Cellular– Organization– Require energy– Homeostasis and Metabolism– Growth and development– Reproduction– Responsiveness– Heredity– Adaptation and evolution– Movement

Diaphragm: regulate the amount of light Diaphragm: regulate the amount of light that enters the slide which helps you focusthat enters the slide which helps you focus

Wetmount slidesWetmount slides

• Slides of living specimenSlides of living specimen

• They are freshThey are fresh

• You make them yourself!You make them yourself!

• AIM:AIM: Why do scientists follow speciific Why do scientists follow speciific steps when performing an experiment?steps when performing an experiment?

• DO NOW:DO NOW: Handout The Scientific Handout The Scientific MethodMethod

• HOMEWORK:HOMEWORK: Handout 1.2 Read the Handout 1.2 Read the bottom of page 12 to top of page bottom of page 12 to top of page 14(Experimenting) . Answer the 14(Experimenting) . Answer the Reading check on page 14Reading check on page 14

• AIM: AIM: How can we determine the How can we determine the difference between an independent and difference between an independent and dependent variable?dependent variable?

• DO NOW:DO NOW: 1- How do scientists make 1- How do scientists make observations?observations?– 2- Explain why a hypothesis is an educated 2- Explain why a hypothesis is an educated

guess.guess.

• Homework:Homework: Handout 1.2 Read page 18 Handout 1.2 Read page 18 theories and Laws. Answer questions 2-4 theories and Laws. Answer questions 2-4 on page 18on page 18

• AIM:How do observations help to develop a Hypothesis?

• DO NOW: 1- Take out your research

• 2- Take out your Fransico Redi handouts

• 3- complete both sides of the Fransico redi handout

• HOMEWORK: BRING #2 PENCILS TOMORROW

Look at each of the pictures displayed and tell me what you

think

As you LOOKED at the plants, what did your OBSERVATIONS

tell you?How do scientists make

observations?

Observations are made…….By using our 5 senses

SightSmellSoundTouchTaste

The Scientific Method

• 1- Observation

• 2- Research

• 3- Hypothesis

• 4- Experiment

• 5- Analysis

• 6- Conclusion

• 7- Record

Research

• The purpose is to collect all possible information about your original observation

• Your research EDUCATES you on your observation

3:Hypothesis

• An educated guess• A prediction• You have researched your observation which

has educated you on the topic now you are going to predict the outcome you think you will get after performing an experiment.

• Testable statement• You are going to develop an experiment to

test your hypothesis

Assessment

• Take out your research

• Look over your research and develop a hypothesis relating bread mold growth to temperature

• Write your hypothesis at the bottom of your research

Research questions

• Explain why mold is a fungus and how mold is different from other fungi

• Saprobes live on dead and decaying matter and recycle unused energy back into the environment (since mold is a saprobe, why does it grow on old bread?)

• 5 types of mold that grow on bread• Moist,warm,dark• The type of bread determines how long it takes mold to

start growing. Anywhere from 24 hours – 10 days (think about preservatives)

• Mold spores land on bread and then how do they reproduce or grow more on the bread

• Many foods we eat have mold.

Thursday 9/26/13

• AIM: How can we identify the variables in a controlled experiment?

• DO NOW: Dr. E Mcsquare

• HOMEWORK: handout Complete the Francisco Redi handout BOTH SIDES

The Scientific Method

• 1- Observation

• 2- Research

• 3- Hypothesis

• 4- Experiment

• 5- Analysis

• 6- Conclusion

• 7- Record

Why do scientists research their observations?

Scientists research to gain knowledge on their observation to

help them form a hypothesis

Why is a hypothesis called an educated guess?

Questions

• 2- Redis problem was that people though life came from non living– Maggots just appeared on meat– Worms come from wood

• 3- Living things can only come from living things– Maggots develop from fly eggs

• 4- He placed meat in jars, covered some jars so flies cannot get in. Uncovered some jars so that the flies could get in

• 5-: the cover or the cloth on the jar

• 6- meat

Controlled Experiment

Control Group Experimental group

Procedure

• Experimental procedures must be very detailed and precise

• Must include specifics about amounts, materials, temperatures and data collection

• Must be written step by step

Designing an experiment

• Must have a purpose for investigation

• Experiment must be based on research, a previous experiment or an observation

• Your EXPERIMENT should be based on your hypothesis

• AIM: How can we collect data during a controlled experiment?

• DO NOW: Observe the picture and create a hypothesis based on

your observation

What is a variable?

Any changing factor in the experiment

Types of variables in a controlled experiment

• Independent

the only factor that changes in the experimental group

The independent variable is the CAUSE!!!!!!!!!!!!

• Dependent

changes as a result of the independent variable.

The dependent variable is the AFFECT!!!!!!!!!!

It only changes because of the independent variable

Designing a controlled experiment

• Control setup use all the same equipment, same conditions, but no variables are tested. – Provides a baseline for which to compare the results with the

experimental setup. • Experimental setup is set up exactly the

same way as the CONTROL, but one thing that you want to measure is factored in. – Uses the independent variable (cause) which

determines the dependent variable (effect).

Characteristics of Good Experiments

Use large numbers in each group, this increases the reliability of your results

Validity or repeatability-other scientists should be able to get similar results if they repeat your procedures

Cautious Conclusions• conclusions should be based directly

on the data• results could be affected by factors that

you are unaware of

Controlled Experiments• Set up two or more groups for comparison

• Groups are set up to be alike in all ways except one

• The one difference between the two groups at the start of the experiment is called the “independent variable”

• The INdependent variable is the one you are IN control of! Cause of change

• Dependant variable: Effected by the independent variable

• Experimental Group(s) is (are) exposed to the independent variable, the Control Group is not

Controlled Experiment

• Always setup in 2 sets– Control Group– Experimental Group

• an experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time in order to establish a cause/effect relationship.

• Why is it important to only manipulate one variable at a time?

• You don't want more than one variable, or thing that you're testing, because then, you don't know which variable produced the result you obtained.

Identify the independent and dependent variables

• Hypothesis: Plants grown in sunlight will be greener than plants grown in the dark

• Independent variable: light exposure

• Dependent variable: greenness of plants

Identify the independent and dependent variables.

Write a one sentence conclusion stating how the population of mosquitos were effected by the insecticide.

Write a one sentence conclusion of enzyme activity and temperature

change.

Hypothesis, Theory & LawHypothesis: Prediction• needs to be tested,• may or may not be correct

Theory: Explanation• a former hypothesis that has been supported by many experiments• can still be changed or discarded

Law• a theory that scientists are extremely confident in (ex: the law of gravity)

Friday 9/28/12

• AIM: How do we identify the independent variable and dependent variable in a controlled experiment?

• DO NOW: Why is it important to keep all factors the same except for 1 when performing a controlled experiment?

• Homework: Handout questions 68-69, 40 and 41

• AIM: Why is sexual reproduction favored over asexual reproduction in living things.

• DO NOW: Explain what will happen to the human population each person in floral Park decides not to reproduce

• HOMEWORK: 1-Textbook read page 10. how do observations help to develop a hypothesis?

• 2-Mold Research questions.