Friday 4/4/14

RAP1. What was the NEP? Who started it?2. What was the Five Year Plan? Who started it?3. Which leader, Lenin or Stalin, do you think was a better

leader for the Soviet Union? Why?

Today:Review 18.4– Lenin and StalinCh. 18.3—Read and take notes on Mussolini and

Hitler

Read Lenin and StalinCh. 18.4

• As you read about Lenin and Stalin please take notes on the following:– Describe Lenin’s leadership of the Soviet Union.

• NEP—describe it

– Describe the fight for control of the Soviet Union by Trotsky and Stalin.

– Describe Stalin’s leadership of the Soviet Union.• Fiver Year Plan• Dictatorship• Purges• The Comintern

**Who was a better leader for the Soviet Union? Why?

Lenin• Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov –known

as Lenin– Introduced an economic policy

called war communism in 1918.• Under war communism – the

government brought a policy of nationalization (brought under state control all major industries) to the country.

• Principle of those who eat must work. 16-50 must work

– 1921- New Economic Policy (NEP) – Lenin allowed some private businesses to stimulate the economy, but kept steel, railroads, and large scale manufacturing under government control.

– 1922- Went from Russia to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

• New constitution created– stated the USSR was a Socialist

state- government controlled the means of production.

• In theory the state was controlled by the workers, but the leaders of the Communist party controlled the workers.

• Central government in Moscow still made the important decisions.

• Russians remained the dominant group in the Soviet Union. (Look at map on page 567)

Trotsky • Struggled with Stalin to gain power of

USSR before Lenin’s death.

• Trotsky had been the most important person in the Communist party next to Lenin.

• He played a key role in the Bolshevik Revolution.

• Trotsky believed the theory of a permanent revolution. Wanted revolutions around the world.

Stalin• In 1922, he rose to the post

of general secretary of the Communist party.

• He felt it was necessary to concentrate on USSR first then spread the revolution.

• As general secretary, Stalin had the power to remove officials.– He exiled Trotsky to Siberia,

and then expelled him.– Trotsky went to Mexico City,

where an assassin acting on Stalin’s orders found him and killed him, in 1940.

Stalin• Five Year Plans

– 1928, he declared an end to NEP.

– Five year period of economic goals.

• All industrial and agricultural production under government control.

• Provided housing, health care, and other services.

• Concentrated on building heavy industry.

• Consumer goods were produced in small amounts and were of inferior quality.

• Mistakes were made – Nails were shipped from a nail

factory many miles away when a nail factory was across the street.

• It did spur industrial growth.

• Collectivization, a system of farming in which the government owned the land and used peasants to farm it.– Stalin thought it would be more

efficient.– Thought he could use it to

intimidate the anti-Communist Kulaks—most prosperous peasants, some of which opposed collectivization. (liked Lenin)

• Fighting broke out and thousands of peasants were killed or arrested and sent to Siberia to labor camps.

– Stalin also crushed anti-Communist resistance in Ukraine.

• Stalin promoted a “terror famine” – Causing the death of millions of

Ukrainian peasants.

Results• Transformed Russia into industrial power.

• Cost –millions of people died because of rural unrest and collective farms were not able to provide enough food.

Stalin’s Dictatorship• Stalin demanded complete

obedience— most brutal dictatorships the world has ever seen.

• Used terror to control.• Secret police were given

power to scrutinize every aspect of the nation’s social and political life.– Used people to spy on

each other– Children on their

parents– Many sent to labor

camps in Siberia or shot.

Purges• 1930s– Stalin began an

attack on his enemies.– 1934—he rid himself of his

opponents.• Millions of party members

were expelled, arrested and put in labor camps, or shot.

– Stalin turned against old Bolsheviks.

– 1936 – Stalin purged, or removed Bolsheviks who opposed him.

• Used psychological torture to break their wills.

Arts and Comintern• Arts

– Socialist realism – glorification of Soviet heroes and achievements, while denouncing rumors about forced labor and terror.

• Comintern or Communist International– Goal of the Comintern was to

encourage Communist parties in other countries to overthrow their governments by any means and to establish Soviet –style regimes.

• Dissolved in 1943.

In your notes—

--Compare postwar life for most citizens of the Soviet Union with postwar life for people in Italy, Germany, or the Western democracies.

--Begin reading Ch. 18.3– Fascist Dictatorships--pages 557 As you read take notes on

--Mussolini’s rise to power and Dictatorship--The Weimar Republic--Rise of Nazism--Hitler comes to power