Freshwater testate amoebae (Amoebozoa, Rhizaria):

diversity and distribution

Група Testacea

Тип Sarcomastigophora HONIGBERG A.BALAMUTH,1963

Подтип Sarcodina SCHMARDA, 1871Надклас Rhizopoda VON SIEBOLD, 1845Клас Lobosea CARPENTER, 1861

Подклас Testacealobosea DE SAEDELEER, 1934Разред Arcellinida Kent, 1880

Клас Filosea LEIDY, 1879Подклас Testaceafilosea DE SAEDELEER, 1934Разред Gromida CLAPAREDE ET LACHMANN, 1859

Клас Granuloreticulosea DE SAEDELEER, 1934Разред Monothalamida HAECKEL, 1962

AMOEBOZOA LUEHE,1913, EMEND.CAVALIER-SMITH,1998

• Tubulinea SMIRNOV IN ADL ET AL., 2005•• Arcellinida KENT,1880 [=Testacealobosia DE

SAEDELEER,1934]Arcellidae EHRENBERG, 1843Centropyxidae JUNG, 1942Plagiopyxidae BONNET ET THOMAS, 1960Difflugiidae WALLICH, 1864Heleoperidae JUNG, 1942Hyalospheniidae SCHULTZE, 1877Nebelidae TARANEK, 1882Phryganellidae JUNG, 1942Cryptodifflugiidae JUNG, 1942

Difflugia sp.

Arcella vulgaris

Testate amoebae with lobose pseudopods

•RHIZARIA CAVALIER-SMITH, 2002••Cercozoa CAVALIER-SMITH, 1998, EMEND. ADL ET AL., 2005••• Imbricatea CAVALIER-SMITH 2011 [CAVALIER-SMITH 2003]•••• Silicofilosea ADL ET AL., 2005 EMEND. ADL ET AL., 2012••••• Euglyphida COPELAND 1956, EMEND. CAVALIER-SMITH 1997

Euglyphidae Wallich 1864, EMEND LARA ET AL. 2007 Assulinidae LARA ET AL. 2007 Trinematidae HOOGENRAAD & DE GROOT 1940, EMEND ADL

ET AL. 2012 Cyphoderiidae DE SAEDELEER 1934 Paulinellidae DE SAEDELLER 1934, EMEND. ADL ET AL. 2012

Trinema enchelys(by Siemensma)

Euglypha Compressa(by Siemensma)

Microgromia sp., 13.6 µm, pseudopodial network about 200 µm large (by Siemensma)

Hyalosphenia papilio

Arcella mitrata

Structure of a shell of Arcella

Microchlamys patella

Difflugia bacillifera (by Siemensma)

Centropyxis ecornis (by Davidova)

Difflugia acuminata (by Davidova)

Lesquereusia modesta Nebela galeata

Morphological Diversity of Testate Morphological Diversity of Testate Amoebae Amoebae

Euglypha rotundaDifflugiella pussilla

Netzelia species secrete their own building material, called idiosomes, but they also use xenosomes which they modify and smooth.

Morphological DiversityMorphological Diversity of Testate Amoebae of Testate Amoebae

Corythion dubium Photo by E. Mitchell

Euglypha compressa Edward Mitchell

Testate amoebae are with a wide geographical distribution and a significant range of habitats. They are an abundant and diverse in various natural lakes, marshes, rivers, artificial water basins, in peatlands and terrestrial bryophytes, different types of soil and marine littoral. Thecamoebians occupy every sufficiently moist niche such as tree bark, caves, mines, and so forth. Testate amoebae can be divided into four ecological categories: freshwater-, moss-, soil- and marine-dwelling and have different morphological, biological, and ecological adaptations to their specific habitats.

Freshwater reservoirs

Number of species/genera

A ratio of the number of species

of the genus Difflugia to the total number of

species

A ratio of the number of species

of the genus Centropyxis to

the total number of species

A ratio of the number of species

of the genus Arcella to the

total number of species

Reservoirs Ticha 104 / 24* 55.8% 13.5% 2.0%Batak 93 / 21** 50.5% 11.8% 6.5%Rabisha 78 / 19*** 41.0% 15.4% 3.8%Ovcharitsa 75 / 18*** 45.3% 16.0% 2.7%LakesShabla lake 81/20**** 55.6% 11.1% 1.2%Ezerets lake 79/20**** 51.9% 13.9% 2.5%Srebarna lake 118/20*** 37.3% 19.5% 13.6%Durankulak lake 91/20*** 37.4% 15.4% 6.6%RiversVeleka 80/21*** 31.3% 16.3% 5.0%Rezovska 38/16*** 18.4% 18.4% 0.0%Fakijska 29/12*** 24.1% 17.2% 0.0%

Difflugia sarissa (by Davidova)

Lesquereusia mimetica var. parva (by Davidova)

Difflugia bistrica (by Davidova)

Difflugia piryformis (by Davidova)

Centropyxis ecornis(by Davidova)

Characteristic species for the benthal of the lakes and reservoirs

Comparison of the relative abundance of the established genera in the phytal in different

freshwater reservoirs

Euglypha fillifera(by Siemensma)

Centropyxis aculeata(by Siemensma)

Phryganella acropodia(by Siemensma)

Euglypha acanthophora(by Siemensma)

Trinema enchelys (by Siemensma)

Trinema lineare (by Siemensma)

Euglypha test sitting on algal filament. (by Oyadomari)