Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water....
-
Upload
samuel-park -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water....
![Page 1: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fresh Water
![Page 2: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fresh Water• Most of the Earth’s fresh
water is found in moving water and in standing water.
• Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes, and swamps are standing water.
![Page 3: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Water Cycle
![Page 5: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• The water cycle – the movement of water from the oceans and freshwater sources to the air and land and finally back to the oceans.
• Evaporation – the process of water to gas phase.
• Condensation – the process of gas to water. Must be cooled for this to occur.
• Precipitation – water returns to the Earth in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
![Page 6: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Where is the rest of the water?
• Groundwater – the water that remains in the ground. Eventually flows into the ocean. Some of this returns to the earth from springs
• Frozen water – Glaciers
• A. Valley glaciers – long, narrow glaciers that move downhill between mountain valleys.
• B. Continental glaciers – thick sheets of ice that covers millions of square km of the earth’s surface, moves slowly in all directions.
• C. Icebergs – Some are as large as Rhode Island
![Page 8: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Valley and Continental Glacier
![Page 9: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Running Water
• Surface runoff – the water that enters a river or stream after a heavy rain or spring thaw.
• Pore space – the space between particles of soil. More pore space = more water it can hold.
• Watershed – a land area in which surface runoff drains into a river or a system of rivers and streams.
Pore space
![Page 10: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Standing Water
• Lakes – usually deep depressions in the earth’s crust filled with fresh water. Usually where glaciers once were.
• Ponds – shallow depressions with fresh water, plants usually throughout.
• Reservoirs – the most frequently used source of fresh water. Built by damming a stream or river and is protected from polluting by laws.
![Page 13: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lakes, Ponds, and Reservoirs
POND
LAKE
RESERVOIR
![Page 14: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Wetlands• Wetland: land area covered with water for most of
the year, serves as a filtering system that traps pollutants, sediments and bacteria, houses birds and other wildlife
1. Bog: get their water from precipitation only, very acidic soil, grows unusual plants such as peat moss and the Venus Fly Trap
2. Marsh: form in areas with deltas, grows shallow rooted marsh grasses which aid in the deposition of silt and sand
3. Swamp: located near streams, contains shrubs and tree’s, after millions of years the decayed plant material forms coal
• Preservation of wetlands has become a global concern, between the 1700’s and the 1980’s over 50% of the USA and Europe has lost wetlands due to population growth and industry
![Page 16: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Groundwater
• Present because the types of precipitation does not stop traveling when it hits the ground, it moves downward through the permeable areas
• Permeable: material in which the water can move quickly, sandstone has a high permeability rate
• Impermeable: water does not flow through the ground easily, clay is impermeable
![Page 18: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Underground Zones
• When groundwater reaches a layer of impermeable rock it fills up the pore spaces above forming a zone of saturation
• Above the water filled zone is an area that is mostly dry, this drier region where the pores are filled with air is called the zone of aeration
• The area between these two zones marks the boundary where the ground is saturated and is called the water table
![Page 20: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Water Table• When you dig in the soil and reach a point
where the hole fills with water you have located the water table
• Hills and mountains the water table is deep, valleys, marshes and swamps the water table is closer to the surface
• Deserts have a deep water table, while wet climates have it near the surface
• Water table can change depth when there are times of drought or heavy rains/snow fall or if wells are being overused
![Page 22: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Wells• Holes drilled or dug into the water table• Aquifer: Layer of rock that allows water to pass
freely and moves sideways. Usually layers of sandstone, gravel, sand or cracked limestone
• Found when a permeable layer gets trapped in between two impermeable layers
• Is a source of groundwater for wells• Since the water moves underground over very
large distance it is vulnerable to pollution which can contaminate the whole aquifer quickly
• Artesian Well: A well from which water flows on its own without pumping
• Aquicludes: Barriers to groundwater flow
![Page 24: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Groundwater Systems
• Springs: water discharges at the surface where aquifers and aquicludes meet
• Temperature varies from cool to hot, is generally the average annual temperature of the region
• Hot Springs: water from deep in earth has risen
• Geysers: explosive hot springs that erupt at regular intervals
![Page 26: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Groundwater Composition
• Water can contain compounds that are not hazardous such as iron (red) or sulfur (egg smell) compounds.
• Hard Water: Water contains high concentrations of calcium, magnesium or iron, common in limestone regions. It can clog your pipes
• Soft Water: makes soap more slippery, very little minerals present
![Page 28: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Solubility
• Solvent – the substance that does the dissolving. Water is the universal solvent.
• Solute: the substance that gets dissolved• Solution – contains two or more
substances mixed on the molecular level, one thing must be dissolved.
• Soluble – can be dissolved.• Insoluble – cannot be dissolved.
http://www.tes.co.uk/teaching-resource/Fresh-water-beneath-the-surface-of-the-earth-6286763/
![Page 29: Fresh Water. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in moving water and in standing water. Rivers, streams, and springs are moving water, ponds, lakes,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649db45503460f94aa59f4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
I know that you can’t get much more excited!!!