N d e g e wa MbeyaKitabu ambacho kimeandikwa

na wanachama wa

Roots & Shoots Mbeya, Tanzania

B i rds of Mbeyaa field guide written by

Roots & Shoots members

in Mbeya Town

Lengo langu ni kufanya

ulimwengu ambamo

tunsweza kuishi kwa

amani na vitu vyote asilia.

My mission is to create

a world where we can live

in harmony with nature.

– Jane Goodall, Founder, Roots & Shoots

Shukrani Acknowledgments

Tungependa kutoa shukrani zetu za dhati kwa Barbara Cervone wa Next

Generation Press, Marekani; Gazelle Safari Company ya Mbeya Tanzania;

m ra ti bu wa Roots & Shoots Mkoa wa Mbeya Peter Mwamala, mw a n ach a m a

Leon a rd Bwake , w a l i mu ndugu na marafiki pamoja na wanachama wo te

wa Roots & Shots mkoa wa Mbeya waliosaidia kufanikisha uandaaji wa

k ij i t a bu hiki. – Waandishi

We would like to give our thanks to Ba rb a ra Cervone at What Ki d s

Can Do; the Shinnyo-en Foundation in the United States; Gazelle Safari

Company in Mbeya, Tanzania; Carl Cervone of Technoserve; the regional

coordinator of Roots & Shoots in Mbeya, Peter Mwamala, and volunteer

Leon a rd Bwake . And thank you to our dear te ach ers , f ri en d s , and all

Roots & Shoots mem bers in Mbeya Regi on who hel ped wri te this book.

– The Authors

Waandishi Authors Yaliomo Table of Contents

Iganzo Secondary School

Agustine Elihudi

Ande Matthew

Ilomba Secondary SchoolAbdulbhary Bashiru

Kasiana Mbeyela

Esperansa Mfikwa

Devotha Ndunguru

Ivumwe Secondary SchoolSaimoni Adam Shitalima

Shani Musa

Ibrahim Mwampyate

Itende Secondary School

Betha Ezekiel

Nasibu Mbwiga

Emanuel Mwakasumi

Meta Secondary SchoolSaid Hamis

Sospeter Kansapa

Emmanueli Esadi Mrutu

Sangu Secondary SchoolLulasamu Daudi

Levocatus D Manego

Beatrice Andrew Mwakyembe

Kively J. Njombo

Editor Genevieve Edens

Roots & Shoots volunteer

Utangulizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Introduction

Mazingira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3About Mbeya

Kuhusu Ndege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Bird Basics

Utafiti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Our Research

Maelezo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16About the Guide

Utangulizi Introduction

Sisi wanafunzi �� tu l i s h i riki kuandika kitabu hiki. Tu n a s oma shule za

s e kon d a ri mbalimbali kwenye viw a n go vya O na A , kuanzia umri wa miaka

�� h adi ��. Tunaishi Mbeya , Tanzania na sisi sote ni wanachama wa Roo t s

& Shoo t s .

Roots & Shoots ni progra mu inay-

o husika na el i mu ya mazingi ra , jamii

na wanyama kwa vijana kuanzia shu l e

za msingi mpaka chuo kikuu. P i a

Roots & Shoots hutoa nafasi kwa

vijana kukaa pamoja na kut a f a k a ri ,

kujifunza na kuel ewa mazingi ra na

u husiano wa viu m be vya asili na

ja m i i . Kwa namna hii Roots & Shoo t s

i n awasaidia vijana kuchukua hatua

za kuboresha dunia kwa bi n ad a mu ,

w a nyama na mazingi ra .

The nineteen students who participated in writing this book are between

the ages of sixteen and twenty-two. We live in Mbeya, Tanzania, where

we study at different schools in both Ordinary (regular secondary) and

Advanced (advanced secondary) levels.

We are all mem bers of Roots & Shoo t s . Roots & Shoots is the Jane Good a ll

Institute’s global, environmental, and humanitarian program for young

people, with members from nursery school to university and beyond. Its

m i s s i on is to fo s ter re s pect and com p a s s i on for all living things , to prom o te

u n derstanding of a ll cultu res and bel i efs , and to inspire each indivi dual to

t a ke acti on to make the world a bet ter place for the envi ron m en t , a n i m a l s ,

and the human com mu n i ty.

�

Utangulizi Introduction

Wanachama waona kikundi cha

ngedere kwenye msitu.

Group members spot a troop of

monkeys moving through the forest.

Utangulizi Introduction

�

Maeneo tulioyofanyia utafiti ni yafuatavyo: Loleza, Ivumwe, na Songwe.

Vitu tulivyoviona huko ni mapango, vilima, mito, majimoto, chemchem,

misitu, na mashamba. Baadhi ya mimea tuliyoona ni mahindi, maharage

na ngano, pamoja na miti milingoti, pine, maembe, na miti ya asili. Pia

tuliona maua mengi, majani, na majani marefu (ferns). Baadhi ya mifugo

tulioona ni mbuzi, kondoo, punda, ng’ombe, na mabwawa ya samaki.

Pia tuliona wanyama pori kama nyoka, panzi, vipepeo, na ngedere.

The areas where we did research are Loleza, Ivumwe and Songwe. There

we saw cave s , m o u n t a i n s , rivers , hot spri n gs , w a ter source s , fore s t s , gra s s-

l a n d , and agri c u l tu re . Plants in these areas inclu de corn , be a n s , and wh e a t ;

t h ere are exotic tree species like eucalyptus, pine, and mango, and also

native trees like acacia. There are also many flowers, grasses, and ferns.

Some animals that we saw, besides birds, are domestic animals like goats,

sheep, donkeys, and cows. We also saw snakes, bugs like grasshoppers

and butterflies, and a troop of vervet monkeys.

Chini ya Mlima Loleza. Maua haya yavutia

songosori wengi.

Study spot below Loleza's peak. The orange

flowers here attract many sunbirds.

Barabara kubwa Mbeya mjini.

A main street in downtown Mbeya.

�

Mbeya Mjini iko kwenye Bonde la Ufa. Baadhi ya milima huku ni Mlima

Mbeya na Mlima Loleza kwa upande wa Kaskazini, na Mlima Ugali kwa

u p a n de wa Ma gh a ri bi . Ba adhi ya mito inaanzia milimani na mito mingi n e

huwa na maji kwenye kipindi cha mvua. Kwa mfano, mto wa Nzovwe

unaanzia kwenye milima, na mto wa Meta hutegemea mvua na ch em ch em .

Masika huku Mbeya huanzia mwezi wa kumi na moja na kuendelea hadi

wa mwezi wa nne; w a k a ti wa kiangazi unaanzia mwezi wa tano na kuen del e a

hadi mwezi wa kumi. Pia, kuna kipindi cha baridi huanzia mwezi wa sita

na kwisha mwezi wa nane. Katika kipindi hichi, ubaridi unaweza kufikia

hata kiwango cha joto �� selsiusi kwa siku.

M beya Town is loc a ted on the Rift Va ll ey. Mountains su ch as Mount Mbeya

and Mount Loleza to the nort h , and Mount Ugali to the we s t , su rround the

c i ty. Ma ny rivers run thro u gh town , s ome that start in the mountains and

o t h ers that are ra i n - fed and on ly exist du ring the ra i ny season . For ex a m p l e,

the source for River Nzov we is at Mt Mbeya , while the River Meta is season a l

with the ra i n s . The ra i ny season starts in Novem ber and lasts until Apri l . Th e

dry season lasts from May to October. The cold season lasts from June to

Au g u s t , wh en the tem pera tu res drop, but it does not get cold en o u gh to free ze .

Kuhusu Ndege Bird Basics

Kuna aina ���� za ndege katika nchi ya Ta n z a n i a . M koani Mbeya kuna ndege

wa aina thelathini na tatu (33) walioonekana katika muda wa utafiti wetu.

Mara nyingi ndege wanajitokeza katika kipindi cha masika kwa kuwa ni

kipindi ambacho ndege wanazaliana. Ndege kama mayera huwa ana tabia

ya kuhamahama kwa kufuatana na majira . Ma ra nyi n gi ndege hawa wana-

hama kutoka nchi za mbali na kuingia nchini Tanzania hasa kwenye wakati

wa masika. Katika kipindi hiki ndege hawa hujipatia chakula mbalimbali

kama samaki, panzi, na panya.

Tuliweza kuwatazama vizuri ndege hawa kwa kutumia hadubini. Hivyo

ilikuwa rahisi sana kuwaona kwa sura na rangi. Ndege hawa hutofautiana

kwa namna nyingi, kama sauti, maumbile, na vyakula wanavyokula.

Unapowatazama ndege unashauriwa kukaa kimya ili wasishtuke. Vilevile

unapofanya uchunguzi wa ndege ni bora upange muda maalum wa

kuwatazama katika eneo moja na kisha uende sehemu nyingine ili uweze

kuwatazama ndege wa aina mbalimbali.

There are ���� different bird species in Tanzania. During our research in

Mbeya, we identified �� of these.

Some birds are only found in Tanzania during the rainy season, which is

the period with the largest number of birds present. In Mbeya, birds like

herons come during the rainy season and then leave during the dry season

to far away countries in Europe and elsewhere, following their food. In the

dry season, they can’t find things like fish and grasshoppers as easily.

While birdwatching, it is good to use binoculars in order to see clearly the

birds’ details and colors. There are also other ways to identify them, for

example by their calls, their shape, and the food they eat. When you are

birdwatching, you are advised to stay quiet so the birds do not fly away.

Also when you are surveying birds, it is good to set a designated length of

time in one spot and then another, in order to see different kinds of birds.

��

Kadiri idadi ya watu inavyozidiinaathiri mazingira kutokana nakuongezekwa makazi na shughulikama ujenzi, ufugaji, kilimo,

uchomaji wa mkaa, na shughulinyingine za nyumbani. Idadi yandege huko imekuwa ikipunguakutokana na ongezeko la

binadamu ambao huharibumazingira kwa kukata miti kwaajili ya mkaa, ujenzi na kilimo. Piauwindaji wa ndege kwa ajili ya

uchawi umeongezeka, kwa mfano,uaji wa bundi. Vilevile, makelelekutokana na watu, magari, muziki na vitu vingine vimekuwa kero kwandege. Hivyo, mambo mengi yamelazimisha ndege kuhama eneo hilo.

M beya’s expanding human pop u l a ti on has affected the natu ral envi ron m en t

in many ways , e s pec i a lly thro u gh activi ties like con s tru cti on , f a rm i n g, l ive-s tock keep i n g,c ut ting trees for firewood and ch a rcoal produ cti on , and otherdomestic activities. The number of birds has noticeably decreased as theirhabitats are altered by the deforestation that comes with increased popu-

lation. Also bird hunting – and killing owls because of belief in witchcraft– has risen tremendously. Noise pollution from people, cars, and musichas disturbed birds, too. For these reasons, many birds have left the area.

Tuliona viota vingi vya ndege korobindo kwenye

matawi ya mti huu, Songwe.

We saw dozens of weavers’ nests hanging

from the branches of this tree in Songwe.

Watu wengi wachunga

mifugo wao kwenye

Mlima Loleza.

Many people graze their

livestock on the slopes

of Mount Loleza.

Utafiti Our Research

Maeneo ya utafitiTulifanya utafiti wetu katika sehemu tatu: Loleza, Ivumwe na Songwe.

Loleza iko pembeni kidogo na jiji la Mbeya na ni eneo lenye milima,

mashamba na misitu. Milima hii ina misitu ya kupandikizwa pamoja na

ya asili, na pia ni chanzo cha maji kwa jiji la Mbeya.

E n eo la juu tu l i pof a nya ut a f i ti ni seh emu wazi na yenye maja n i . Huku

tu l ipata ndege wa aina ch ach e . E n eo la pili tulipata ndege wen gi lakini

w a l i k uw a wa aina tatu tu. Sehemu hii ina maua na majani marefu (ferns),

na iko karibu na chemchem ya maji. Pia eneo hili liko karibu na msitu

wa miti mirefu na mifupi. Eneo la tatu liliko bondeni , lina miti mirefu

na mimea ya aina tof a uti . Seh emu hii ni baridi kiasi kutokana na kivuli

cha miti . Huku kulikuwa na aina tofauti tofauti za ndege ambao wengine

hawakuweko kwenye sehemu nyingine yoyote (kwa mfano Schalow’s

Turaco). Eneo la nne ni seh emu iliyo ko bon deni yenye uw a z i , m a ja n i

m a refu na miti mifupi.

Study AreasWe conducted research in three areas: Loleza, Ivumwe and Songwe.

Loleza is on the outskirts of downtown Mbeya; it is a mountainous area

with farms, forest, and grassland. Mount Loleza has two kinds of forest:

tree plantations of pine forest and natural forest with native trees that

are preserved to protect water sources for Mbeya Town.

The first spot wh ere we did re s e a rch was an open area with grasses and

brush, where we saw only few birds. The second spot included open gra s s-

land bel ow us and flowering bushes and short trees above . Here we saw many

bi rd s , but on ly a few spec i e s . The third spo t, wh i ch is in the eastern va ll ey, is a

forest with tall trees and bu s h e s . This area was cold because the sun does not

reach through the canopy. We saw several different bird species that on ly

were iden ti f i ed in this spo t , l i ke Sch a l ow ’s Tu raco. The fo u rth spot is furt h er

up in the va ll ey wh ere the forest meets the open gra s s l a n d .

�

Kwa kuangalia sura ya ndege unaweza kugundua anachokula. Kwa mfano,

mdomo ukiwa mrefu unamaanisha kwamba ndege huyu anapendelea

kula chakula cha aina ya asali na wadudu wapatikanao kwenye maua, na

pia nyama na samaki, kama songosori, mayela, na wengine. Ndege wenye

midomo mifupi hupendelea kula vyakula vya nafaka. Kwa mfano, ndege

wanaoitwa Passeriformes (jina la oda la kisayansi) ni kama dundulusi,

jokolilo na chekechea; ndege hawa wanafanana kwa maumbile, wana

midomo na miguu mifupi, wana rangi tofauti, vyakula vyao vinafanana,

na pia wanafanana kwa mikia, huwa wanamikia mipana na mifupi.

By simply observing a bird, it is possible to discover many things about it.

For example, the shape of its beak can tell you what it eats. If it has a long,

curved beak, it eats nectar and insects and it will like to be in areas with

many flowers. Birds with short beaks, like those in the order passeriformes

(such as finches, bulbuls and mannikins), eat seeds and are similar in

appearance and behavior.

�

Wanachama wanatumia hadubini kwa mara ya kwanza.

Group members use binoculars for the first time.

E n eo la pili liko kando na bara b a ra , pia kuna mahali ambako maji ya n a k u-

s a ny w a na kusambazwa kwa sehemu tofauti jijini Mbeya. Eneo hili ni

chepechepe, lina mikokwa, mitete na mimea mingine tofauti. Ndege wap-

atikanao katika eneo hili ni wa aina tofauti.

The second spot is close to a large road, where the river water is collected

and dispersed to different parts of Mbeya Town. This spot is a wetland

area, with a tree called mkokwa, species of reeds, and other plants. We saw

several different bird species here.

��

Pia eneo hilo lina maua, foto kiafi, na ndege wa aina nne tofauti. Eneo

la tano liko kwenye mwanzo wa mlima. Eneo hili lina mashamba na

miti michache kama vile milingoti na miti ya maua na majani. Ndege

waliopatikana huku walikuwa wa aina sita tofauti. Eneo la sita liliko

kwenye mwanzo wa mlima pia. Eneo hili lina ndege wa aina tano tofauti;

lina miti ya maua na matunda iliyozunguka eneo la nyasi. Kando yake

ni eneo la maji.

Sehemu ya pili tulikofanya utafiti ilikuwa Ivumwe; huku kuna vyanzo

vya maji ya mto Nzovwe; limezungukwa na makazi ya watu na mashamba

kwa shughuli za kilimo. Eneo liko kwenye upande wa kusini-mashariki

kutoka jiji la Mbeya. Tulifanya utafiti kwenye maeneo mawili: Eneo la

kwanza liko mwanzoni kwa chanzo cha maji na lina aina tofauti za mimea

ambayo ni miti yenye miba, maua, na mipogoro. Eneo lina maji na

ndege wengi wa aina tofauti. Pembeni na mito kuna miti iliyopandwa

na isiyofyonza maji mengi.

In this area, there are flowers; we saw four different bird species here.

The fifth spot, at the foot of the mountain, is cultivation and grassland

with scattered trees, including eucalyptus. There were six kinds of

birds here. The sixth spot was also at the foot of the mountain. This

space was an open field surrounded by flower and fruit trees, pine,

and eucaplyptus. There was also a river nearby; we saw six different

species.

Ivumwe, southeast of Mbeya Town center, was the second area where

we conducted research at the source of the River Nzovwe. The place is

surrounded by human settlement and cultivation. We did surveys in

two spots. The first spot was right at the river’s source. Surrounding the

water are plants like flowers and Ana trees. Along the banks of the river

are exotic tree species that do not absorb much water. Here we saw large

flocks of birds and several species.

��

Mji mzima waonekana kwenye njia ya kupanda kileleni Loleza.

The entire city is visible from the path we used to reach Mount Loleza.

Matokeo

Matokeo yalikuwa kama yafuatavyo: ndege wanaoonekana kwa wengi ni

j o ko l i l o, s on go s ori , du n du lu s i , k u n g u ru , na ch e kech e a . N dege wanaop a ti k a n a

kwa uchache ni sele, mile, duwai, magugu, turaco na olive pigeon. Ndege

kama dundulusi, jokolili na njiwa pori pamoja na aina tofauti ya ndege

wanaokula mbegu walionekana kwenye manen eo ya mashamba. Son go s ori

pe ke ya ke alionekana kwenye maen eo ya miti ya maua. Kwenye maen eo ya

miti mingi ndege wanaopatikana ni kunguru, jokolilo, shalow’s turaco,

songosori, njiwa pori, na lead colored flycatcher.

ResultsThe most com m on species we ob s erved in our re s e a rch areas were Com m on

Bulbul, Sunbirds, Red-Billed Firefinch, Pied Crow, and Black and White

Mannikins. The least common bird species were Hammerkop, Widow-

bird, Schalow’s Turaco and Olive Pigeon. Areas of cultivation had a fairly

high diversity of species of seed-eating birds, including Common Bulbul

and Mannikin. In areas with flowering bushes and trees we saw mosly

Sunbirds. In forested areas were mainly birds that we identified in only

one spot, for example Schalow’s Turaco and Lead Colored Flycatcher.

��

Sehemu ya tatu ni Songwe iliyoko magharibi kutoka jiji la Mbeya. Eneo

la kwanza liko kingoni na mto, lina nyasi ndefu mitete na miti ya aina

tofauti. Ndege wachache wanaonekana huku kwa sababu ya uhaba wa

chakula. Maji ya moto na ya baridi ya n a p a ti k a n a . Eneo la pili lina maji na

miti mirefu na mifupi pamoja na nyasi fupi ziotazo juu ya maji. Miti hii

ni ya miba na matu n d a ; pem beni kuna pango la asili. N dege wanaoon e k a n a

huku ni wa aina nane tofauti.

NamnaTu l i f a nya ut a f i ti kwa kutumia namna moja ambav yo tulikaa kwenye seh emu

fulani na kuhesabu ndege kwa muda wa dakika ishirini tu. Tuliandika kila

aina ya ndege tuliyemuona na jumla ya idadi ya ndege tuliowaona katika

kila sehemu. Tulifanya utafiti kuanzia tarehe ��-��-���� hadi tarehe ��-

��-�� na hata siku za jumapili. Tulichagua sehemu za kutembelea kuwa na

ndege wengi na mazingira yanayotofautiana. Baada ya utafiti, tulitunza

kumbukumbu kwenye ngamizi.

The third spot where we conducted research was Songwe, west of Mbeya

Town. The first spot is on the banks of a river, close to the hotsprings,

with tall reeds and different tree species. We saw few bird species because

of a scarc i ty of food there . The second spot has water, trees and bu s h e s , a n d

s h ort grasses that grow on water. Th ere are fruit trees and a large cave .

We identified eight species of birds there.

MethodsOur point-count surveys were taken over twenty-minute periods in each

spot. We recorded every species of bird that we saw, as well as the total

nu m ber of i n d ivi dual bi rds spo t ted . All data was taken on Su n d ay morn i n gs

between June ��, ���� and July ��, ����. We chose spots for a range of

habitats and favored those with a large number of birds at first sight.

We recorded all our data in the computer to create charts and graphs.

��

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

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Frequency of Bird Species

Utangulizi Introduction

��

SeleFundichamaHammerkop

Ana rangi ya kahawia, kichwa

chenye umbo la nyundo, mdomo

mrefu, miguu mirefu mpaka ��

cm. Hupatikana maeneo yenye

mabwawa, mito, mabwawa ya

samaki na maeneo yenye maji.

Sele wanakula samaki na vyura.

This large (�� cm) brown bird has

a distinctive hammer-shape head,

a long beak and long legs. It prefers

areas with swamps, rivers, fish-

ponds, and all places with water –

although some have been known

to inhabit urban areas of Mbeya.

Hammerkops eat fish and frogs.

Tai MwekunduBrown Snake Eagle

Ni ndege wanaokula nyama, tai

huyu ana rangi ya kahawia wilimz-

ima na rangi ya kijivu chini ya

mabawa pindi arukapo. Pia ana

kichwa kipara na macho ya njano

yaliyofanana na ya bundi. Tai huyu

wa kahawia ana mdomo mfupi

uliojikunja mweusi. Mkiani ana fio

nyembamba za rangi ya kijivu.

Miguu yake ina rangi ya kijivu iliy-

opauka.

A hunting bird, this eagle is brown,

with gray under its wings, visible

when it flies. It has a baldhead and

yellow eyes that look like an owl’s.

Its short, sharp beak is black. Most

often you will see it circling above

valleys.

Scopus umbretta Ciraetus cinereusKuhusu Maelezo About the guide

Maelezo haya yanahusika na

ndege wa aina �� walioko

Mbeya Mjini na Vij ij i n i . Ba adhi

ya ndege , kama Ku n g u ru , ni

wa kaw a i d a , na wen gi n e , k a m a

Shorobo Kibwenzi, wanaonekana

mara moja moja.

Kwa kila ndege , ya m e a n d i k w a

majina matatu : jina la kisaya n s i ,

jina la Ki i n gere z a , na jina la

k i enyej i . Pen gine hili jina la tatu ni

la Kiswahili na mara nyi n gine hili

jina linato kea lu gha ya kabila kama

Kisafwa au Ki nya ky u s a.

The guide that follows includes

�� species of birds that are present

in Mbeya Town and its outskirts.

Some, like the Pied Crow, are

very common, while others, like

S ch a l ow ’s Tu raco, a re less of ten seen .

Each entry includes at least three

names: the scientific name, the

English name, and the name that

people use in Mbeya Town. This

is sometimes Swahili, and other

times the local dialects Kisafwa

or Kinyakusa (in which case we

also include the Swahili name for

clarification.)

Kwa kili ndege pia, kuna alama ya

mchoro mdogo inayoonyesha

urahisi wa kumuona: kwa mfano,

tuliwaona Kunguru wengi, hivyo

ndege huyu anaonyeshwa na

michoro mitatu; tulimuona

Fundichama moja, hivyo ana

alama ya mchoro mmoja tu.

Hiyo mich oro yo te ilich orwa na

wanafunzi Ab du l b h a ry Ba s h i ru ,

Au g u s tine Elihudi, na Emmanuel

Mwakasumi.

The bi rd icons indicate how likely

you are to see the bi rd according to

our data: for ex a m p l e , P i ed Crows

a re very com m on so they have

t h ree bi rd icon s ; we on ly ob s erved

one Ha m m erkop, so we gave it on ly

one bi rd icon .

S tu dents Ab du l b h a ry Ba s h i ru ,

Au g u s tine Elihu d i , and Emmanu el

M w a k a sumi cre a ted the illu s tra-

ti ons in pen , pen c i l , and waterco l or.

��

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Utangulizi Introduction

MweweBlack KiteKuna aina tof a uti za mwewe lakini

hakuna kati ya aina hizo mwenye

ra n gi nyeu s i . M wewe wa mad a ga s c a

na jangwa la Sa h a ra wana ra n gi

ya kahawi a , m aen eo ya kifuani na

mkiani wana ra n gi ya kutu . Wo te

wana miguu mifupi ya nja n o.

Wa k a ti wa kuruka mbawa zake

z i n a ten geneza kona kwenda ny u m a .

N dege hawa wanaishi mij i n i , vij i-

j i n i , na pia maen eo ya sava n n a .

M wewe wanakula panya , m iju s i ,

samaki na wadu du wakubw a .

Th ere are different kinds of k i te s

but the one found in Mbeya is a

Bl ack Ki te , com m on ly found from

Mad a gascar to the Sa h a ra De s ert . It

is actu a lly brown , with ru s t - co l ored

breast and wi n gs and yell ow legs .

While in fligh t , the tips of its wi n gs

s tretch back . These bi rds live in

u rban are a s , in vi ll a ge s , and also in

open are a s . Ki tes eat mice , l i z a rd s ,

f i s h , and large bu gs .

Njiwa MweusiOlive PigeonNjiwa hawa wana rangi ya kijivu

iliyo na madoa meupe. Mdomo

wenye rangi ya njano na ni wa kati.

Macho yaliyozungukwa na mduara

wanjano. Miguu pia ni ya njano.

Sehemu zingine za mwili kuanzia

kifuani. Ni weusi sehemu zote za

mwili Hupendelea kula matunda.

Pa hupendelea sehemu zenye miti

mirefu.

This pigeon is green with black

speckles. Its medium-sized beak

and feet are yellow, and yellow

rings surround its eyes. Its breast

is black. It eats fruit and spends

most of its time in the tree canopy.

Milvus migrans Columba arquatrix Utangulizi Introduction

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Kuyu JichonjanoAfrican Mourning DoveNjiwa hawa waporini wana kichwa

cha kijivu na mgongo wa kaki.

Macho yake ya njano yamezun-

gukwa na rangi nyekundu iliyo

pauka. Njiwa hawa wanapatikana

maeneo ya nyanda za chini,

maeneo yenye michanga, vijijini.

Njiwa hawa wanataga mayai maw-

ili kwenye viota vilivyo jengwa

kwenye maeneo yoliyo jificha.

Wanakula nafaka na wadudu.

These doves have a gray head, a

tan-colored back, and a pale pink

breast. A red ring surrounds their

yellow eyes. They live in lowlands

and villages. The females lay two

eggs and the nests they build are

in hidden areas. These doves eat

insects and crops.

Shorobo KibwenziSchalow’s Turaco Ndege hawa wana kichwa chenye

manyoya marefu (panki) ya kijani

na madoa meupe nyuma. Macho

yake ya mezungukwa na rangi

nyekundu ambapo chini yake kuna

ufito wa rangi nyeupe. Mabawa

yana rangi ya kijani na bluu kwa

mbali. Mkia wake mrefu una rangi

ya bluu ya kiza.

These bi rds have a head with a

l a r ge green crest and a wh i te throa t .

Red ri n gs su rround their eye s , wi t h

a bl ack stri pe undern e a t h . Th e

Tu raco’s wi n gs are green , and blu e

at the ti p s . Its long tail is dark blu e .

It lives in forests in the tree canopy

and eats mostly fru i t s .

Streptopelia decipens Turaco schalowi

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Utangulizi Introduction

MbayuwayuBarn Swallow Kuanzia kichwa, shingo, mgongo

na mkia ni rangi nyeusi. Sehemu za

juu za mbawa ni nyeusi. Sehemu za

chini za mbawa, na kifua na tumbo

ni nyeupe. Mdomo ni mfupi na

mweusi. Hupendelea maeneo ya

mvua. Wanakula wadudu. Kiota

hutengenezwa kwenye nyumba za

binadamu waliohama magofu ya

nyumba pangoni. Hupatikana kwa

misimu pale mvua inapoanza.

The top of this bi rd ’s head , b ack ,

and long tail are blu e - bl ack . In

f l i gh t , the wh i te of its wi n gs , t h roa t ,

and breast are vi s i bl e . Its dark be a k

is short . Ba rn swall ows eat insect s .

Sw a ll ows build their nests in houses

that have been left em pty and in

c ave s . Th ey occur in large flock s

and are most com m on du ring the

ra i ny season ; t h ey migra te nort h

du ring the dry season .

JokoliloShore Tako-Jeupe Common BulbulAna kichwa ch eu s i , kifua kahawi a ,

chini ya mkia ni nja n o. Ana ukubw a

k a ti , s a uti : “ j o k - l i l o, j o k - l i l o.”

An a pen delea mahali pa misitu n i ,

bu s t a n i , makazi ya watu , s eh emu

zenya maji kama mito. Ch a k u l a

ch a ke ni matunda na mbegu zake

vilevile mapera, songwa, na

m a n g’ a n g’ a ; anakula pia nafaka

kama vile mpunga , m a h i n d i , u l e z i ,

n k . Kwa kawaida hut a ga maya i

m awili hadi matatu . Baba na Ma m a

husaidiana katika kulea wato to.

A med ium sized brown bi rd wi t h

bl ack head , c re a my bre a s t , and

yell ow vent under the tail. Its son g

“ j o k - l i l o, j o k - l i l o” gives it its name

in Mbeya . Found in ga rden s ,

fore s t s , human habi t a ti on , and near

w a ter. Bu l buls eat fruit and seed s

and also crops like ri ce , m i ll et and

corn . Usu a lly the female lays two

to three eggs ; male and female take

tu rns bri n ging food to the ch i ck s .

Hirundo rustica Pycnonotus barbatus Utangulizi Introduction

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Kurumbiza MichirizimeupeWhite Browned Robin Chat N dege hawa wana ukubwa ukati ,

tu m bo ora n ge na mbawa gray.

Ki chwa ya ke ni nyeu s i , na juu ya

m acho ana seh emu ch eu pe . Wa n a-

p a tikana kwa mahali pa bu s t a n i ,

pem be zoni ya misitu , na mahali ya

m i to. Wanakula wadu du na mbeg u .

This med iu m - s i zed bi rd has an

ora n ge breast and a bl ack head wi t h

a wh i te stri pe . Its wi n gs are dark

gray. It is found in many habi t a t s ,

i n cluding ga rden s , forest ed ge s , a n d

a l ong rivers . It eats insects and seed s .

Magamaga Bawa-KahawiaTawny-Flanked PriniaNya n ti ti ana mkia mwem b a m b a

m ref u . Ana ra n gi ya kij ivu na

k a h awi a , ra n gi nyeup seh emu za

ch i n i , m acho mekundu , na panki

nyusi kichw a n i . Hu p a tikana kati k a

k i n go za misitu , m a jani maref u ,

vi chakani na maen eo ya kisava n a

p a m oja na maen eo ya ch em i ch em i

na kwenye bu s t a n i . Huten gen e z a

kiota kilicho bonyea kwa juu kwa

k utumia majani katika vi ch a k a

v yenye majani maref u . Pia hut a ga

m ayai 3-4. Hu pen delea kula

m a tu n d a , nafaka kama mpunga ,

uwel e , u l e z i , mtama na mahindi.

This prinia has a long tail. It is gray

with brown on its back and has a

black crest and a white breast. It

appears at forest edges, in tall grass,

in savanna areas and near springs

and in gardens. It builds nests out

of long grasses and lays three to

four eggs. It likes to eat fruits, and

crops like rice, millet and sorghum.

Cossypha heuglini Prinia subflava

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Utangulizi Introduction

Chozi SunbirdsNi ndege wa umbo dogo (13 to

14 cm), hupatikana sehemu zenye

maua, misituni, kando ya mito au

ya ziwa, na sehemu za kilimo.

Wanakula asali za maua na wadu du ,

kwa hiyo wana mdomo mrefu ulio

pinda na mweu s i . Sa uti ni “p s s i p s s i ”

Hupendelea maeneo yenye miti

mifupi na maua mengi. Huten-

geneza kiota chenye mdomo mrefu

mfano wa kibuyu.

These small birds (�� to �� cm) live

in places with flowers, in forests,

near rivers, and at high altitudes.

They eat nectar and insects, and

live in areas with many flowers.

They have many calls, including

one that goes, “pssi-pssi.” Sunbirds

build their nest in the shape of a

gourd with a long entrance. Males

of this family are very colorful,

while females are tan, brown, and

cream, and difficult to identify.

Chozi MweusiAmethyst SunbirdJuu ya kishwa ni kijani ya kung’aa;

chini ya shingo ni zambalau;

sehemu zingine zote ni nyeusi.

The Amethyst Sunbird is mainly

black, except the top of the head is

irridescent green and under the

throat it is purple.

Chozi NeliMalachite SunbirdAna kichwa cha nja n o, m b k ijani ya

k iu n g’ a a , m gon go- kahawi a ; chini ya

mbawa ni njano; tumbo ni kijani.

The Ma l ach i te Su n bi rd has a yell ow

head, irridescent green wings, a

brown back , yell ow under the wi n gs ,

and a yellow breast.

Nectariniidae (Family) Utangulizi Introduction

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Chozi MikufumiwiliEastern Double CollaredSunbirdAna kichwa shingo ; s eh emu za ju u

za mbawa ni kija n i ; ndani ya mbaw a

ni nja n o ; kifua ni nye k u n du , k a ti ya

kifua na hsingo ni zambalao.

This bird has a green head, neck,

and wings; under the wings it is

yellow; under the green throat is a

purple ring and a red upper breast.

Chozi GundaScarlet Chested SunbirdJuu ya kichwa na chini ya mdomo

ni kijani; kifua ni chekundu;

sehemu zingine zote ni nyeusi.

This bi rd is mainly bl ack , except

for the top of the head , wh i ch is

i rri de s cent green , and its red throa t .

Chozi TumbonjanoVariable SunbirdSehemu za juu ya kichwa ni kijani;

kifua ni zambalau; tumbo ni njano,

mkia na mbawa ni kahawia.

This sunbird has a green head and

purple throat. Its breast is yellow

and its wings and tail are brown.