French revolution

47
LOUIS XVI execution

description

4th ESO, Ciencias Sociales

Transcript of French revolution

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LOUIS XVI execution

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THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Deficit crisis

French soldiers who helped came inspired

Signing of the Declaration of Independence

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Enlightenment:

Liberty

Equality

Reason

Progress

John Locke (1632-1704)

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DEFICIT CRISIS AND BAD HARVESTS

◦ Seven Years´s War

◦ Squandering

◦ Bad harvests since 1878

◦ Tax exemptions

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BANCKRUPTCY

LUOIS XVI required money

asked the privilegeds for pay taxes

refused

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LOUIS XVI was forced to call the Estates General (1st time since 1614):

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Representatives from the third estate demanded that voting by the population.

Representatives of the privilegeds demanded each estate had one vote: majority.

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The third estate left the Estates General

They met at a tennis court

The Third Estate declared itself to be NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

The members of this meet swore not to separate until France had a CONSTITUTION

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National assembly was threatened by the Army

the people of Paris supporting the Assembly

STORMING OF THE BASTILLE: 14 July 1789

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Colours of Paris

Colours of the Bourbon family

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1791: CONSTITUTION:

France became a constitional monarch

Separation of powers: Executive: KING Legislative: LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

National sovereignty

Equal justicie under law

Limited suffrage

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ELECTIONS: limited suffrage: political parties:

ROYALIST

LA PLAINE: moderate majority

REPUBLICANS: Moderates: misnamed GIRONDINS

Radical: JACOBINSsupported by Sans

Culottes Extremist: MONTAGNARDS

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LOUIS XVI attemped to escape.

He and his family were stopped.

First time: THE REPUBLIC is possible.

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Monarchies of Europe considered intervene:

EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA (Marie Antoinette´s brother)

Legislative Assembly preemptively declared war on Austria: april 1792

AUSTRIA vs FRANCEPRUSSIA

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Initial battles of the war: DISASTER

SANS COLOTTESLA COMMUNE RIOTS IN PARISPEOPLE OF PARIS

10 august 1792 assaulted the Tuileries Palace

The King took refuge in the Legislative Assembly

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LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY just 1/3 of the deputies were present, most of the Jacobins.

Suspend the King

Decreed the convocation of a NATIONAL CONVENTION elected by universal male suffrage

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2 september 1792: Prussian army invaded France

Mob (Sans Culottes

supported by Jacobins and Montagnards)

Killed 1500 prisioners

SEPTEMBER MASSACRES

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1ST ERUPEAN ELECTIONS WITH UNIVERSAL MALE SUFFRAGE

NATIONAL CONVENTION: legislative power

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The National Convention proclaimed:

FRENCH FIRST REPUBLIC

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January 1793: LOUIS XVI was executed by guillotine

European monarchies declared war on France

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War went badly

Price increase

Sans culottes riots

Counter-revolutionary activities

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Mop and La Commune sorrounded the National Convention

Demanded the arrest of the “Girondins”

The National Convention surrendered to the threat

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Canons aim to the National Convention

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Jacobins controlled the Convention

They created: COMMITEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY

led by ROBBESPIERRE

de facto executive goverment

no power to the Legislative assembly

really: DICTATORSHIP

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Levée en masse

Law of the Maximus: price controls

Cult of reason: closed the churchs

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Levée en masse

◦ obligatory military service.

◦ 300.000 men from all the departments of France.

◦ some departments refused to the Levée:

WAR IN THE VENDÉE REVOLT IN LYON

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Law of the Maximum:

setting price limit

trying to establishing a managed economy

consequences:

killing those hid food: TERROR

shortage

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CULT OF REASON

was replaced by

CULT OF THE SUPREME BEING

became a state religion by Robbespierre

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Almost 200.000 people were killed:

◦ 1st: counter-revolutionary

◦ 2nd: counter-jacobins

◦ 3rd: counter-Robbespierre

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July 1794 COUP D´ETAT (moderates)

Jacobins and Robespierre

were guillotined

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French conservative bourgeoisie

European absolutism

French absolutism

French extremism

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Limited suffrage

Separation of powers

Executive: THE DIRECTORY

Legislative: bicameral

COUNCIL OF FIVE HUNDRED

COUNCIL OF ANCIENTS

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WAR POWER TO THE

ARMY

European kingdoms

Absolutist threats

Radical threats

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The most famous militar was a young officer from Corsica

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

Victories in Italy (1797) and Egypt (1798) Napoleon crossing the Alps, David

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Bonaparte with the support of moderate group:

End of DIRECTORY

COUP D´ETAT

Start of CONSULATE