The French Revolution Objective: Describe the French Revolution.
French revolution
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LOUIS XVI execution
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Deficit crisis
French soldiers who helped came inspired
Signing of the Declaration of Independence
Enlightenment:
Liberty
Equality
Reason
Progress
John Locke (1632-1704)
DEFICIT CRISIS AND BAD HARVESTS
◦ Seven Years´s War
◦ Squandering
◦ Bad harvests since 1878
◦ Tax exemptions
BANCKRUPTCY
LUOIS XVI required money
asked the privilegeds for pay taxes
refused
LOUIS XVI was forced to call the Estates General (1st time since 1614):
Representatives from the third estate demanded that voting by the population.
Representatives of the privilegeds demanded each estate had one vote: majority.
The third estate left the Estates General
They met at a tennis court
The Third Estate declared itself to be NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
The members of this meet swore not to separate until France had a CONSTITUTION
National assembly was threatened by the Army
the people of Paris supporting the Assembly
STORMING OF THE BASTILLE: 14 July 1789
Colours of Paris
Colours of the Bourbon family
1791: CONSTITUTION:
France became a constitional monarch
Separation of powers: Executive: KING Legislative: LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
National sovereignty
Equal justicie under law
Limited suffrage
ELECTIONS: limited suffrage: political parties:
ROYALIST
LA PLAINE: moderate majority
REPUBLICANS: Moderates: misnamed GIRONDINS
Radical: JACOBINSsupported by Sans
Culottes Extremist: MONTAGNARDS
LOUIS XVI attemped to escape.
He and his family were stopped.
First time: THE REPUBLIC is possible.
Monarchies of Europe considered intervene:
EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA (Marie Antoinette´s brother)
Legislative Assembly preemptively declared war on Austria: april 1792
AUSTRIA vs FRANCEPRUSSIA
Initial battles of the war: DISASTER
SANS COLOTTESLA COMMUNE RIOTS IN PARISPEOPLE OF PARIS
10 august 1792 assaulted the Tuileries Palace
The King took refuge in the Legislative Assembly
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY just 1/3 of the deputies were present, most of the Jacobins.
Suspend the King
Decreed the convocation of a NATIONAL CONVENTION elected by universal male suffrage
2 september 1792: Prussian army invaded France
Mob (Sans Culottes
supported by Jacobins and Montagnards)
Killed 1500 prisioners
SEPTEMBER MASSACRES
1ST ERUPEAN ELECTIONS WITH UNIVERSAL MALE SUFFRAGE
NATIONAL CONVENTION: legislative power
The National Convention proclaimed:
FRENCH FIRST REPUBLIC
January 1793: LOUIS XVI was executed by guillotine
European monarchies declared war on France
War went badly
Price increase
Sans culottes riots
Counter-revolutionary activities
Mop and La Commune sorrounded the National Convention
Demanded the arrest of the “Girondins”
The National Convention surrendered to the threat
Canons aim to the National Convention
Jacobins controlled the Convention
They created: COMMITEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY
led by ROBBESPIERRE
de facto executive goverment
no power to the Legislative assembly
really: DICTATORSHIP
Levée en masse
Law of the Maximus: price controls
Cult of reason: closed the churchs
Levée en masse
◦ obligatory military service.
◦ 300.000 men from all the departments of France.
◦ some departments refused to the Levée:
WAR IN THE VENDÉE REVOLT IN LYON
Law of the Maximum:
setting price limit
trying to establishing a managed economy
consequences:
killing those hid food: TERROR
shortage
CULT OF REASON
was replaced by
CULT OF THE SUPREME BEING
became a state religion by Robbespierre
Almost 200.000 people were killed:
◦ 1st: counter-revolutionary
◦ 2nd: counter-jacobins
◦ 3rd: counter-Robbespierre
July 1794 COUP D´ETAT (moderates)
Jacobins and Robespierre
were guillotined
French conservative bourgeoisie
European absolutism
French absolutism
French extremism
Limited suffrage
Separation of powers
Executive: THE DIRECTORY
Legislative: bicameral
COUNCIL OF FIVE HUNDRED
COUNCIL OF ANCIENTS
WAR POWER TO THE
ARMY
European kingdoms
Absolutist threats
Radical threats
The most famous militar was a young officer from Corsica
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
Victories in Italy (1797) and Egypt (1798) Napoleon crossing the Alps, David
Bonaparte with the support of moderate group:
End of DIRECTORY
COUP D´ETAT
Start of CONSULATE