French & Indian WarsFrench & Indian Warsa.k.a. Seven Years’ War In Europea.k.a. Seven Years’ War In Europe

Conflict in the ColoniesConflict in the ColoniesFrench & Indian War 1754-1763French & Indian War 1754-1763

►BackgroundBackground►ShowdownShowdown►Great Britain Great Britain

vs. Francevs. France

BackgroundBackgroundFight for land in the Ohio ValleyResources (furs, timber, river navigation…)Increase the size of their empire

Military Conflict in the Ohio Military Conflict in the Ohio ValleyValley

►George Washington on George Washington on behalf of Britain sent out behalf of Britain sent out to tell the French to get to tell the French to get out!out!

►The area was the focus of The area was the focus of wealthy land speculatorswealthy land speculators

►British built forts to protect its interestsBritish built forts to protect its interests►Seeds sown for conflict…Seeds sown for conflict…

Great Britain vs. FranceGreat Britain vs. France

► Colonial population Colonial population 1.5 million1.5 million

►World’s greatest World’s greatest navynavy

► Economic $upportEconomic $upport► Iroquois allianceIroquois alliance

► Strategic forts along Strategic forts along rivers and Great rivers and Great LakesLakes

► 6,000 well-trained 6,000 well-trained infantryinfantry

► Stronger, more Stronger, more diverse alliances diverse alliances with Indian tribeswith Indian tribes

► French seen as French seen as “lesser of two evils”“lesser of two evils”

Early Military TacticsEarly Military Tactics

►British – Defensive in early yearsBritish – Defensive in early years Tide turned after capture of French capital Tide turned after capture of French capital

of Quebecof Quebec

►French – Smaller forces on offensiveFrench – Smaller forces on offensive Savage fighting utilizing ambush and Savage fighting utilizing ambush and

guerilla warfare guerilla warfare

Key FiguresKey Figures

► Political – BritishPolitical – British► King George II and George III, Sec. of State King George II and George III, Sec. of State

William Pitt, Prime Minister George GrenvilleWilliam Pitt, Prime Minister George Grenville► Political – FrenchPolitical – French

Louis VXILouis VXI►Military – British Gen. Edward Braddock, Military – British Gen. Edward Braddock,

Gen. James Wolfe, Col. George WashingtonGen. James Wolfe, Col. George Washington►Military – French Commander Marquis de Military – French Commander Marquis de

Montcalm, Ottawa Chief Pontiac Montcalm, Ottawa Chief Pontiac

Treaty of Paris 1763Treaty of Paris 1763

►Effectively ends military conflict on Effectively ends military conflict on two continentstwo continents

►British gained all French territory east British gained all French territory east of Miss. River (except New of Miss. River (except New Orleans)/much of present-day CanadaOrleans)/much of present-day Canada

►British gained control of Florida British gained control of Florida because Spain aligned with Francebecause Spain aligned with France

►British control the balance of power in British control the balance of power in North AmericaNorth America

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

►British decree banning any further British decree banning any further British colonial settlement west of the British colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mts.Appalachian Mts.

►Divided colonial and Indian landsDivided colonial and Indian lands

►Difficult to enforce; ignored by settlers Difficult to enforce; ignored by settlers moving Westmoving West

►Met by revolt in upper Midwest—Met by revolt in upper Midwest—Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion