French I (and II)
description
Transcript of French I (and II)
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French I (and II)
Core Regular and Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense
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Verbs are action words and you cannot speak French without them!
There are three main REGULAR verb categories in French: -er, -ir, and –re
verbs
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-er verbs are the most common
Examples: visiter, voyager, parler, habiter, manger, aimer, adorer,
détester, étudier, regarder, écouter
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You also need to know pronouns
• Je (J’)• Tu• Il/Elle• Nous• Vous• Ils/Elles
• I• You (familiar)• He/She and “it”• We• Y’all (or you formal)• They
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How to conjugate an -er verb
Steps:• Find verb• Drop –er to get stem• Put stem with pronouns and
add endings
Example:• parler• parler • Je parle• Tu parles• Il/Elle parle• Nous parlons• Vous parlez• Ils/Elles parlent
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Common –er verbs
• Aider• Aimer• Chanter• Chercher• Commencer• Compter• Danser• Demeurer• Désirer• Donner• Entrer• Étudier• Fermer
• Habiter• Jouer• Manger• Montrer• Parler• Penser• Pleurer• Porter• Sonner• Tomber• Travailler• Trouver
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Other –er verbs
• Apporter• Couper• Coûter• Demander• Écouter• Emprunter• Essayer• Expliquer• Frapper• Garder• Gronder• Laisser• Laver
• Oublier• Passer• Prêter• Quitter• Raconter• Regarder• Rencontrer• Téléphoner• Traverser• Voler• Voyager
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Translation
French• Je parle• Tu parles• Il/Elle parle• Nous parlons• Vous parlez• Ils/elles parlent
English• I speak, I do speak, I am speaking• You speak, you do speak, you are
speaking• He/She speaks, he/she does speak, he/she
is speaking• We speak, we do speak, we are speaking• Y’all speak, y’all do speak, you are
speaking• They speak, do they speak, they are
speaking
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QuestionsFrench questions can be made three ways
• Tu parles français?• Parles-tu français?• Est-ce que tu parles
français?
• Adding a question mark• Inversion• Adding est-ce que
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Negative QuestionsFrench questions can be made three ways
• Tu ne parles pas français?
• Ne parles-tu pas français?
• Est-ce que tu ne parles français pas?
The ne…pas goes around the verb and anything attached.
• Adding a question mark• Inversion• Adding est-ce que
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Negatives
• Add ne…pas around the verb
• Sometimes it is n’• Negative question
• Je ne parle pas français.
• Tu n’aimes pas l’école.• N’aimes-tu pas l’école?
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How to conjugate an -ir verb
Steps:• Find verb• Drop –ir to get stem• Put stem with pronouns and
add endings
Example:• finir• finir • Je finis• Tu finis• Il/Elle finit• Nous finissons• Vous finissez• Ils/Elles finissent
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How to conjugate an -re verb
Steps:• Find verb• Drop –re to get stem• Put stem with pronouns and
add endings
Example:• vendre• vendre • Je vends• Tu vends• Il/Elle vend• Nous vendons• Vous vendez• Ils/Elles vendent
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Common –ir and –re verbs• Bâtir• Choisir• Finir• Grandir• Grossir• Guérir• Obéir• Punir• Remplir• Réussir • Rougir• Maigrir
• Attendre• Défendre• Descendre• Entendre• Perdre• Rendre• Répondre• Vendre
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The Pronoun “on”
• The pronouns “on” is conjugated like il or elle in French.
• It means many things that don’t really translate easily into English.
• It can be used for “one” as in “One should do one’s best.”
• It can be used as a general you as in “You have to be 18 in order to buy lottery tickets.”
• It can replace the nous for saying “we.”
• It can be used for invitations (Let’s) as in “Let’s do lunch.”
• It can be used for talking about PEOPLE in general as in “People should be nice.”
• It can be used for “they” when talking about generalizations as in “They say French is hard.”
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Shortcut for endings-er verb -ir verb -re verb Être Avoir
Je -e -is -s suis ai
Tu -es -is -s es as
Il/Elle/On -e -is __ est a
Nous -ons -issons -ons sommes avons
Vous -ez -issez -ez êtes avez
Ils/Elles -ent -issent -enz sont ont
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IRREGULAR VERBS: avoir (to have) & être (to be)
These are the two most important verbs in French!
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The verb avoir is irregular. It means “to have.”
J’avoire – Do not use the regular verb endings!!!!
J’ai I have Nous avons We have
Tu as You have Vous avez Y’all have
Il/Elle a He/She has Ils/Elles ont They have
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Avoir is used to describe things that you “have” such as:
He has a big cat in his pants. Il a un grand chat dans son pantalon.You have green eyes. Tu as des yeux verts.She has red hair. Elle a des cheveux roux.They have a small dog. Ils ont un petit chien.We have a mean cat. Nous avons un méchant chat. The negative form of avoir is a little different. There is usually a “de” after the pas. Compare:
J’ai trois frères. I have three brothers.
Je n’ai pas de sœurs. I don’t have any sisters.
There are also special idioms in French that use avoir (to have) that use to be in English. In French, they use avoir because they express a TEMPORARY state of being.
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Avoir Expressions – These are temporary conditions
avoir # ans to be # years old J’ai 17 ans. avoir sommeil to be sleepy Il a sommeil. avoir chaud to be hot Tu as chaud. avoir froid to be cold Elle a froid. avoir soif to be thirsty Nous avons soif. avoir faim to be hungry Vous avez faim. avoir de la chance to be lucky Ils ont de la chance. avoir raison to be right Tu as raison. avoir tort to be wrong Il a tort. avoir peur (de) to be afraid (of) Tu as peur de monstres.
avoir mal (à la tête) to hurt (head) Elle a mal à la tête. avoir besoin de to need Il a besoin d’un dollar. avoir envie de to feel like J’ai envie de dormir
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There is/There are… There is a special phrase for this in French.
Il y a There is or there areIl y a vingt-neuf élèves dans la classe. There are 29 students in the class.
Il n’y a pas There aren’tIl n’y a pas de professeurs dans la classe. There are not any teachers in class.
Y a-t-il Is there/Are thereY-a-t-il des bonbons ? Are there any candies?
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Être means “to be.” It is also an irregular verb.
Je suis I am
Tu es You are
Il est/Elle est / On est He is/She is C’est + adjective*
Nous sommes We are
Vous êtes Y’all are
Ils sont/Elles sont They are Ce sont + adjective*
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* C’est (Ce n’est pas) and Ce sont (Ce ne sont pas) are used with adjectives but are generally similar to il/elle est and ils/elles sont. Normally, c’est replaces something you referred to earlier - such as «J’aime le français. C’est facile.» (I like French. It’s easy.)
Use être before adjectives, nouns, and professions. Etre is used for things that are relatively permanent or not easily changed (marital state, personality, nationality, size, or job). Etre is used for giving a location (where someone is).
Elle est divorcée. She is divorced.
Il est petit. He is short.
Ils sont mariés. They are married.
Je suis américain(e). I am American.
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Pratique : AVOIR ou ETRE?
1. Vous _____________ très gros.
2. Il _____________ un joli appartement.
3. Nous visitons la tour Eiffel parce que nous ____________ en France.
4. Il y _________ vingt-huit élèves dans la salle de classe.
5. Quel ______________ la date d’aujourd’hui ?
6. ______-tu des crayons et du papier ?
7. Elle ______ beaucoup d’enfants.
8. Cette fille __________________ petite.
9. Les filles __________________ un méchant père !
10. Je _________________ professeur.
11. Le Canada __________________ une monarchie constitutionnelle.
12. Jean et Paul ________________ en France.
13. Le français et l’espagnol _______ des langues.
14. Vous ___________________ une voiture noire.
15. Tu _______________ 16 ans.
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Pratique : AVOIR ou ETRE?
1. Vous __êtes___________ très gros.
2. Il __a___________ un joli appartement.
3. Nous visitons la tour Eiffel parce que nous ___sommes_________ en France.
4. Il y ___a_____ vingt-huit élèves dans la salle de classe.
5. Quel ____est__________ la date d’aujourd’hui ?
6. __As____-tu des crayons et du papier ?
7. Elle ___a___ beaucoup d’enfants.
8. Cette fille ______est____________ petite.
9. Les filles ____ont______________ un méchant père !
10. Je _____suis____________ professeur.
11. Le Canada ____est______________ une monarchie constitutionnelle.
12. Jean et Paul __sont______________ en France.
13. Le français et l’espagnol __sont_____ des langues.
14. Vous ____avez_______________ une voiture noire.
15. Tu _____as__________ 16 ans.
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Pratique : Quel idiotisme?
1. Yves boit beaucoup de coca quand il ________ ______________________.
2. J’ _____ __________________ de ce chien. Il est méchant.
3. Ce garçon dort parce qu’il _____ _______________.
4. Anne dit que trois et trois font sept. Elle _____ ________________.
5. Paul dit que trois et trois font six. Il _____ ____________________.
6. Tu prends un sandwich que tu ______ ___________________.
7. Elles gagnent à la loterie. Elles _______ ________________________.
8. C’est l’hiver. Vous _______ ______________________.
9. C’est l’été. Nous _________ ____________________.
10. Il aime acheter le tee-shirt mais il _____ _____________ d’argent.
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Pratique : Quel idiotisme?
1. Yves boit beaucoup de coca quand il ___a_____ _____soif__________.
2. J’ _ai__ ___peur________ de ce chien. Il est méchant.
3. Ce garçon dort parce qu’il _a__ ___sommeil____.
4. Anne dit que trois et trois font sept. Elle _a__ ___tort______.
5. Paul dit que trois et trois font six. Il __a__ ___raison________.
6. Tu prends un sandwich que tu __as__ __faim____________.
7. Elles gagnent à la loterie. Elles _ont___ ___de la chance_______.
8. C’est l’hiver. Vous _avez__ ____froid________.
9. C’est l’été. Nous _avons_ _____chaud______.
10. Il aime acheter le tee-shirt mais il _a__ __besoin_____ d’argent.
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Aller – to go
• Je vais I am going• Tu vas You are going• Il/Elle/On va He/she/One is going• Nous allons We are going• Vous allez You are going• Ils/Elles vont They are going
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Aller – to go to the
• Je vais à la maison I am going to the house• Tu vas au stade. You are going to the stadium.• Il à l’hôtel. He is going to the hotel/• Nous allons aux magasins. We are going to the stores.• Vous allez à l’école. You are going to the school.• Ils vont au cinéma. They are going to the movies.
The French “to the” expression changes for places in the following manner:
f/s – à la m/s - auvowel or h/s – à l’ m & s/plural - aux
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Immediate future• To make the immediate future, you put an infinitive verb
(original form) after the present tense of “aller.”
• Je vais étudier. I am going to study.• Tu ne vas pas dormir. You are not going to sleep.• Vas-tu aller à la boum? Are you going to go to the party?
You can express wanting (vouloir), being able (pouvoir), and having to (devoir) something in the same manner.• Je peux aller au cinéma. I can go to the movies.• Je veux aller à la plage. I want to go to the beach.• Je dois aller à l’école. I must go to school.
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Venir – to come
• Je viens • Tu viens • Il/Elle/On vient • Nous venons • Vous venez • Ils/Elles viennent
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revenir – to come back
• Je reviens • Tu reviens • Il revient • Nous revenons • Vous revenez • Ils reviennent
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devenir – to become
• Je deviens • Tu deviens • Il devient • Nous devenons • Vous devenez • Ils deviennent
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Venir – to come (from the)• Je viens de la plage. I am coning from the beach.• Tu viens du concert. You are coming fron the concert.• Il vient de l’hôpital. He is coming from the hospital.• Nous venons du cinéma. We are coming from the movies.• Vous venez des magasins. You are coming from the stores.• Ils viennent de l’église. They are coming from the church.
The French “to the” expression changes for places in the following manner:f/s – de la m/s - duvowel or h/s – de l’ m & s/plural - des
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Immediate Past with Venir (to have just)
To make the immediate past tense, you put an infinitive verb (original form) after the present tense of “venir” with a “de” in between the two words.
• Je viens de finir. I just finished.• Tu viens de manger. You just ate.• Il vient de déjeuner. He just had lunch.• Nous venons de travailler. We just worked.• Vous venez d’étudier. You just studied.• Ils viennent de parler. They just spoke.
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Verbes: vouloir, pouvoir, devoir
vouloir pouvoir devoirto wish, to want can, to be able must, to have toJe veux (voudrais) Je peux Je doisTu veux Tu peux Tu doisIl veut Il peut Il doitNous voulonsNous pouvons Nous devonsVous voulez Vous pouvez Vous devezIls veulent Ils peuvent Ils doivent
peut-être - maybe
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TO THE and FROM THE with Countries
For countries that are masculine:to the – au from the – du au Canada du CanadaFor countries that are feminineto the – en from the - de la (de l’)en France de la Franceen Angleterre de l’AngleterreFor countries that are plural.to the – aux from the – desaux États-Unis des États-Unis
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To and From with Cities
For cities to is “à” and from is “de” (most of the time).
à Paris de Paris
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Modes of Transportation• à pied – by foot• en voiture – by car• en avion – by plane• en bateau – by boat• en vélo – by bike• en moto – by motorcycle• en mobylette – by scooter/moped• en bus (also – en autobus)– by bus• en car – by luxury/long-haul bus• en train – by train• en métro – by subway
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Verbes: faire, dire
Faire – to do, to makeJe faisTu faisIl, Elle, On faitNous faisonsVous faitesIls, Elles font
Dire – to say, to tellJe disTu disIl, Elle, On ditNous disonsVous ditesIls, Elles disent
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Verbes: lire, écrire
Lire – to readJe lisTu lisIl, Elle, On litNous lisonsVous lisezIls, Elles lisent
Écrire - to writeJ’écrisTu écrisIl, Elle, On écritNous écrivonsVous écrivezIls, Elles écrivent
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Verbes: savoir et connaître
Savoir – to know a fact, to have learned, to know how to, frequently with an infinitive verb after savoir. Often “que “ (that) follows savoir as well.
Connaitre – to know a person, to know a place, book, painting, film, play, to be familiar with
Je saisTu saisIl saitNous savonsVous savezIls savent
Je connaisTu connaisIl connaitNous connaissonsVous connaissezIls connaissent
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When to use savoir or connaitre
• Je sais./Je ne sais pas.• Je sais que le ciel est
bleu.• Je sais parler français.• Sais-tu si Paul est là?• Je sais où tu habites.• Je connais ton frère.• Je ne te connais pas.• Je connais Paris.• Je connais le film Amélie.
• I know./I don’t know.• I know that the sky is blue.• I know how to speak
French.• Do you know if Paul is
there?• I know where you live.• I know your brother.• I don’t know you.• I am familiar with Paris. • I know the film Amélie.
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Pratique – savoir ou connaitre?Ils ________________ où est la poste.Je ne __________________ pas son nom.____________-vous les DuPont (the DuPont family)?____________-tu cet homme ?Nous __________________ parler français.Elle ________________ Paris.Elles ____________ que Paris est la capitale de la France.________________-vous que je suis à Montréal ?Nous _________________ ce monument.Je sais ce poème. VS. Je connais ce poème
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Pratique – savoir ou connaitre?Ils __savent___ où est la poste.Je ne ___sais______ pas son nom._Connaissez__-vous les DuPont (the DuPont family)?___Connais__-tu cet homme ?Nous __savons______ parler français.Elle ___connait___ Paris.Elles __sait___ que Paris est la capitale de la France.___Savez__-vous que je suis à Montréal ?Nous __connaissons__ ce monument.
Je sais ce poème. VS. Je connais ce poèmeI know this poem by heart. I am familiar with this poem
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Verbes: mettre, voir, recevoir, devoir, boire
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Mettre – to put, to put on, to wear
Je metsTu metsIl metNous mettonsVous mettezIls mettent
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Voir – to see
Je voisTu voisIl voitNous voyonsVous voyezIls voient
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Recevoir – to receive
Je reçoisTu reçoisIl reçoitNous recevonsVous recevezIls reçoivent
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Devoir – to have to, must
Je doisTu doisIl doitNous devonsVous devezIls doivent
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Boire – to drink
• Je bois• Tu bois• Il/Elle/On boit• Nous buvons• Vous buvez• Ils/Elles boivent
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Dormir – to sleep
• Je dors• Tu dors• Il/Elle/On dort• Nous dormons• Vous dormez• Ils/Elles dorment
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Partir and SortirSortir can mean - to go out with the intention of returning soon or to take out (a calculator, the trash)Partir means to leave as in going for a while.
SORTIR PARTIRJe sors Je parsTu sors Tu parsIl sort Elle partNous sortons Nous partonsVous sortez Vous partezIls sortent Ils partent
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Ouvrir and Couvrir
ouvrir – to open couvrir – to coverJ’ouvre Je couvreTu ouvres Tu couvresIl ouvre Il couvreNous ouvrons Nous couvronsVous ouvrez Vous couvrezIls ouvrent Ils couvrent