French-English French-English RelationsRelations

The Quiet Revolution, Quebec The Quiet Revolution, Quebec Separatism & FLQSeparatism & FLQ

Quebec: Before the Quiet Quebec: Before the Quiet RevolutionRevolution

Union Nationale 1944 – 1959Union Nationale 1944 – 1959: A : A Quebec party led by Maurice Duplessis Quebec party led by Maurice Duplessis had tight control over Quebec society.had tight control over Quebec society.– Very strong loyalty to French-Canadian Very strong loyalty to French-Canadian

traditions and values.traditions and values.– Quebec government strongly resisted Quebec government strongly resisted

efforts by the federal government to efforts by the federal government to force change.force change.

– Roman Catholic Church ran schools, Roman Catholic Church ran schools, hospitals and has strong political hospitals and has strong political influence.influence.

Union NationaleUnion Nationale

French-English French-English RelationsRelations

The Quiet RevolutionThe Quiet Revolution

Lesage took control of the hydroelectric Lesage took control of the hydroelectric companies giving Quebecers more control over companies giving Quebecers more control over their economic future.their economic future.

Used slogans “Maitres chez nous” – “masters in Used slogans “Maitres chez nous” – “masters in our own house”.our own house”.– Most English speaking Quebecers earned Most English speaking Quebecers earned

$4940/yr & owned most of the businesses.$4940/yr & owned most of the businesses.– Most French speaking Quebecers earned Most French speaking Quebecers earned

$3185/yr$3185/yr Government limited power of the Catholic Church Government limited power of the Catholic Church

in Education.in Education. All of this increased tensions between All of this increased tensions between

French and English speaking people in French and English speaking people in Quebec.Quebec.

SeparatismSeparatism

During the Quiet Revolution, some During the Quiet Revolution, some Quebecois believed the only solution Quebecois believed the only solution to Quebec’s problems was to to Quebec’s problems was to separate from Canada.separate from Canada.– As Quebec was a part of Canada, French As Quebec was a part of Canada, French

Canadians would never be equal to Canadians would never be equal to English Canadians.English Canadians.

FLQ and Parti FLQ and Parti QuQuéébbéécoiscois FLQ (Front de Liberation du Quebec)FLQ (Front de Liberation du Quebec)

– Formed in 1963. Radical group of Formed in 1963. Radical group of separatists with no specific leader. separatists with no specific leader. Planned to use terrorism as a weapon for Planned to use terrorism as a weapon for independence.independence.

Parti QuParti Quéébbéécoiscois– Formed in 1968. Formed in 1968. – Led by RenLed by Renéé L Lévesque. évesque. – Wanted Quebec to separate but used the Wanted Quebec to separate but used the

democratic process for achieving democratic process for achieving independence and opposed terrorism.independence and opposed terrorism.

Tensions EscalateTensions Escalate

Expo 1967Expo 1967 – French President Charles – French President Charles De Gaulle shouted a separatist slogan De Gaulle shouted a separatist slogan “Vive Le Qu“Vive Le Québec Libre!”ébec Libre!”

1963 – 19701963 – 1970 – Somewhere in Quebec a – Somewhere in Quebec a terrorist bomb exploded approximately terrorist bomb exploded approximately every 10 days.every 10 days.

October 5, 1970October 5, 1970 – a British Diplomat – a British Diplomat was kidnapped by the FLQ & held for was kidnapped by the FLQ & held for ransom. Government refused to pay.ransom. Government refused to pay.

October 10, 1970October 10, 1970 – Quebec Labour – Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte is kidnapped at Minister Pierre Laporte is kidnapped at gun-point.gun-point.

Cont…Cont… October 16, 1970October 16, 1970 – Government uses War – Government uses War

Measures Act. This takes away all civil rights, Measures Act. This takes away all civil rights, can be held without charge for 21 days, 90 can be held without charge for 21 days, 90 days without trial, people can be arrested days without trial, people can be arrested without reason, curfews are imposed.without reason, curfews are imposed.

October 18, 1970October 18, 1970 – Laporte is found – Laporte is found murdered.murdered.

December 4, 1970December 4, 1970 – Police find and – Police find and surround the house where British Diplomat surround the house where British Diplomat had been held for 59 days. He is returned had been held for 59 days. He is returned and, in return, the kidnappers are flown to and, in return, the kidnappers are flown to Cuba.Cuba.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XfUq9b1XTa0v=XfUq9b1XTa0

Bi-Bi –Royal Commission Bilingualism and Biculturalism established on 19 July 1963

– Under the government of Lester B. Pearson Basically how to make certain parts of

Canada French-Canadian Throughout the quiet revolution we see

Quebec nationalism increasing The failure of the government to establish

equality between English and French languages within the government is one reason

Continued

The recommendations included the following:– Certain parts of Canada become

officially bilingual – New Brunswick – Bilingual districts be created in

regions – 10% of local population i.e if are is English bring in French

speaking people…

Schooling system Ottawa become bilingual English and French be Canada's offical

languages Under Pierre Trudeau the following

things take place: 1969 in the Official Languages Act. Canada's education system was

overhauled and school children across the country were made to learn both language