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A Computer-based Instrument for Measuring Distance for a Soccer Free-Kick Andy Vongphachanh

Matthew Weeks

Outline Introduction Scope Physical Diagram System Architecture Hardware Software Construction Early Prototype Problems Finished Prototype Testing Total Costs of Project Requirements Faults Demonstration Video Data Table Lessons Learned Conclusion Questions Demonstration

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Introduction

In soccer a free kick is when a player gets to kick the ball without any defenders within 10 yards of him.

This occurs after a foul is committed. Our device will quickly measure out the

distance.

Scope

The device will use Ultrasonic sensors and the Arduino board.

Should display the distance to an LCD screen.

Should be able to measure the threshold distance of 10 yards.

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Physical Diagram

Wall of Defenders

Ball

10 yards

System ArchitectureBlock Diagram

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System ArchitectureComponent Diagram

System ArchitectureState Diagram

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Hardware

Microcontroller ATmega328Operating Voltage 5VInput Voltage (limits) 6-20VDigital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)Analog Input Pins 6DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mAFlash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)Clock Speed 16 MHz

MB1260 XL-MaxSonarUltrasonic Rangefinder

Resolution of 1 cm 42kHz Ultrasonic sensor measures distance

to objects Operates from 3.3-5.5V Low 3.4mA average current requirement Maximum range of 1068 cm (35 ft) Weather resistant

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LCD Screen

Wide viewing angle and high contrast Display: 16 Characters x 2 Lines LCD Type: STN Yellow Green Backlight Type: Yellow Green LED Controller: SMC1602A or Equivalent Power Supply for LCM: DC +5V LED Backlight Input: DC +5V Module Outline Dimension: 80W * 36H * 13.5T

mm Character Size: 4.89W * 2.78H mm

Schematic

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Algorithm

Early Prototype •Distance measure shown on left•Screen cleared shown on right

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Early Prototype

Early Prototype Problems Debouncing error would not let us enter state 2

of the case statement Output a large number Fixed with delay Cracked Solder Joints

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Early Prototype Problems Could not see screen Added potentiometer to set text contrast Forgot to hook up anode and cathode of

backlight

Finished Prototype

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Finished Prototype

Built an enclosure to mount the device inside.

Sensor PWM Output

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Total Costs of ProjectComponent Cost Qunatity

Arduino Uno Board Rev. 3 $39.99 1MB7066 XL-MaxSonar®-WRL1 $114.95 1 16x2 LCD Screen $7.99 1 PC board $2.49 1220Ω 1/2 Watt Resistor $0.24 11kΩ 1/2 Watt Resistor $0.24 1 SPST Power Switch $3.19 1 Push-Button $0.35 1 Lithium 9 Volt Battery $5.99 110kΩ Trimmer $1.69 1Enclosure (6x3x2) $3.99 1Arduino Software Software Free (open source) 1

Total $181.11 12.00

RequirementsOperational Requirements

The device shall send out an ultrasonic signal and receive it.

The device shall use Arduino programming to measure the distance.

The device shall display the distance measured on a LCD screen.

Performance Requirements The device shall be able to detect a human object to a minimum of 10

yards. The device should be able to detect and output in less than 2 seconds.

The device shall be able to withstand being in a pocket throughout the match.

The device shall be able to operate for a minimum of 90 minutes

The device should be able to operate to a maximum of 200 minutes.

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RequirementsPhysical Characteristics Requirements

The device shall be able to be pocket size, possibly 2 in x 2 in. x 1 in.

The device should have a maximum weight of 3 lbs.

The device’s lithium battery shall be easily accessible in case of low battery.

Utilization Environment Requirements

The device shall operate in a temperature range of 14 to 120 degrees Fahrenheit.

The device shall operate in 5% to 95% relative humidity.

Functional Requirements

The device shall be programmed using Arduino.

The device shall use a lithium battery to power the prototype.

The device shall use a push-button to turn on and start detection.

The device shall use an ultrasonic sensor for the signal detection.

The device shall display the distance to the LCD display.

Faults

• Testing Environment

• Sensitive Ultrasonic Sensor

• Clothing Material

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Demonstration Video Data TableAttempt Data Measured Tape Measured

1 3.6 Yards 3.0 Yards

2 3.3 Yards 3.0 Yards

3 3.3 Yards 3.0 Yards

4 5.3 Yards 5.0 Yards

5 5.0 Yards 5.0 Yards

6 7.3 Yards 7.0 Yards

7 7.1 Yards 7.0 Yards

8 11.7 Yards 10.0 Yards

Demonstration Video Data Table

Attempt Data Measured Tape Measured

9 11.7 Yards 10.0 Yards

10 9.9 Yards 10.0 Yards

11 10.0 Yards 10.0 Yards

12 9.9 Yards 10.0 Yards

13 10.0 Yards 10.0 Yards

14 9.9 Yards 10.0 Yards

15 10.0 Yards 10.0 Yards

16 10.0 Yards 10.0 Yards

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Lessons Learned

Research Ultrasonic Sensor

Time Management

Design Wire Layout

Conclusion

• Review of project

• Review of Faults

• Future Outlook

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Questions?

Demonstration