Freescale Smart Metering
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Transcript of Freescale Smart Metering
Secure end-to-end solutions
freescale.com/smartenergy
Smart Energy
3
Smart Energy
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Freescale and Smart Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
MetrologyOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Electricity Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Low-End Electronic Single-Phase Electricity Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Mid-Level Electronic Prepaid Electricity Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Electronic Single-Phase Electricity Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Electronic Three-Phase Electricity Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Flow Meters: Gas and Water Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11–12Heat Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–14
Home Energy Management SystemsOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Freescale Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Home Area NetworkingOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16ZigBee Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Smart Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Grid-End ApplicationsOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Data Aggregator/Concentrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Grid Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Grid Power Management and Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Digital Power Conversion and StorageOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Smart Grid StandardsOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Wireless Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Renewable EnergySolar Inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Wind Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-28
Reference DesignsOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-31
Smart Grid StandardsOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Third-Party PartnersOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Smart Energy
Table of Contents
Smart Energy
4
Your Essential Source for Energy Applications The goal of a worldwide rollout of smart grids and smart meters is to provide energy efficiency throughout the entire networked infrastructure .
Freescale provides secure end-to-end solutions that support the entire smart grid including all points along the system, from transmission, distribution and substations, to energy delivery in and around the home .
Metrology
• Electricity meters• Gas and water flow meters• Heat meters
Communication
• Home area network (HAN)
Home energy management systems Smart appliancesPlug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV)Renewable energyData aggregators/concentratorsGrid routersGrid power management and protection (relay, breaker, monitor)
5
Secure End-to-End Solutions
Freescale and Smart EnergyGovernments worldwide are mandating improved
energy efficiency, requiring an investment in the new
smart grid and smart energy management structure .
The goal is to create a smart grid that will change
the way power is deployed for sustainable energy
around the world . This document will address the
design challenges within the smart grid .
• Lowersystemcost:Requiredtoreduce
timetomarket,R&Dinvestmentand
BOM costs while adding features for smart
grid requirements
• Low(system)power:Musthaveefficient
metering code to enable energy calculations at
low processing speeds for meters supported
by capacitive supplies
• Datapreservationduringfailorbrownout
events:Low-power,real-timeclockwiththe
ability to switch to battery supply, on-chip
clock compensation, calendaring or an internal
clock if the external crystal fails
• Metertampering:Requirestheabilitytotime
stamp even if supply is disconnected due to
tampering
• Increasedmetercomplexityforsmart
metering communication, which requires more
GPIOsandserialcommunicationmodules
(I2C,SCIandSPI)
•Aggregateinformationfromindividualmeters
and communicate usage to utility sub via
power line communication in order to regulate
energy usage
Utility/NAN• Dataconcentrators/aggregators
P20x0
P10xx
MPC831x
MPC8308
• InterfacestoNAN
802 .15 .4g radio
WiMAX
PLMpartnership
• Interfacestoutility
• WiMAX
• GPRS
• DLM/COSEMlibrary
Metrology• Low-endmetering
LL/LH/AC
• Water,gasandheat
Gateway
• Smartsingle-tothree-phasemetering
EM256
Kinetis MK30
HAN• Smartenergygateway
P101x
MPC831x
MPC8308
i .MX28
• HANinterfaces
ZigBee®
Wi-Fi®
GPRS
M-Bus
HomePlugGreenPHY
• Appliancetechnology
8–32-bitMCUsandDSPs
Touch sensors
• RF4CE(wirelesscontrol)
Freescale Smart Grid and Metering Solutions: Overview
Utility
DataConcentrator(Aggregator)
Metrology EnergyGateway
Appliances
GPRSWiMAX
802.15.4gOFDMWiMAX
NAN
ZigBee®
Wi-Fi®
M-BusPLMHAN
ZigBee
Freescale Smart Grid and Metering Solutions: Overview
Smart Energy
6
Freescale Microcontrollers for Metering ApplicationsApplications Products Key Features
MeterMeasurement:
Single-Phase, Three Phase
Gas/WaterMeters
• MC9S08LG32,MC9S08LL16,MC9S08LL8,MC9RS08LA,MC9RS08LE
• MCF51EM256meteringMCUwith16-bitADC
• FlexisQE,FlexisAC• MC9S08QE8,MC9S08LL16,
MC9S08LL64,9S08LH64,9S08GW64
• PowermanagementunitIC:MC13892, MC33730
• Lowvoltage,lowpower,LCDcontroller,monophase meter
• Lowpowerconsumption,competitivepricepositioning
• LCDcontroller
• Lowpowerandcosteffective
• 16-bitADCanti-tamperdetection,dualflashbanks,iRTC,AMRSPI,SCI,
Anti-Tamper
UserInterface
AirFlow,LiquidLevel
• Accelerometers:MMA845xQ,
• Proximitysensors:MPR121,MPR03x
• Pressuresensors:MP3V5004,MPX12
• Powermanagement:MC34704
• PowermanagementunitIC:MC13892, MC33730
• Lowpowerconsumption,costeffective,reducedmechanical dimensions
MetrologyFreescale offers energy-efficient 8- and 32-bit microcontroller(MCU)solutionstoimplementsmart utility metering systems for electricity, gas, water and heat meters . Smart meter products, such as the MCF51EM256, have on-chip,high-accuracyADCaswellasarange of support functions to provide security and accuracy for the product with minimal external components . The MZ series includes MCUs that are customized for meters with the new standards for China’s smart grid . MZ series MCUs integrate analog-to-digital conversion(ADC)timers,upto69GPIOandmultiple communication interfaces to improve system accuracy and reduce BOM cost . Extremely low-power products, such as the MC9S08LL16andMC9S08GW64,areidealfor flow meter applications because they consume very little power, ensuring extremely long(over15years)batterylife.
Available Metering Reference Designs
Sin
gle
-Pha
seT
hree
-Pha
se
Single-Phase/Three-Phase
MeterMCF51EM256
Integrated AFE
Cost-Effective Meter
9S08LH64Integrated
AFE
Single-PhaseMeter
MCF51EM256Integrated
AFE
Cost-Effective Meter
9S08LL/LG32
Cost-Effective Meter
9S08LA8
Cost-Effective Meter
9RS08KA8
SimulationDEMOEM
MCF51EM256
China State-Grid
Spec Meter MZ Family
Available Metering Reference Designs
Freescale Microcontrollers for Metering Applications
7
Secure End-to-End Solutions
Electricity MetersAn electricity meter, or energy meter as it is
sometimes called, is a device that measures the
amount of electrical energy which is consumed
by a residence, business or an electrically
powered device .
There are many different types of electricity
meters, such as electro-mechanical, stand-alone
meters with pre-payment capabilities, smart
meterswithautomaticmeterreading(AMR)
connectivity, which allows utility companies to
read meters remotely, and advanced smart
meters which have a bi-directional connectivity
feature that allows customers to receive tariff
information from the utility companies .
Electricity meters also differ in voltage and
current ranges, as well as measuring single-
phase, two-phase and three-phase electricity .
Freescale provides a solution for the various
types of electricity meters, from the very low-end
meter to an advanced smart electricity meter
with two-way communication capabilities .
Low-End Electronic Single-Phase Electricity MeterLow-endelectronicmetersrelyonmicrocontrollers to measure, process, log, display and protect measurement data . Often these meters use a stand-alone analog front end to condition and measure the power supplied on the electric line . Once the measurement is taken, the MCU stores the reading and updates the segment LCDdisplay.
8-bit Microcontrollers
Products
RS08KA:8-bitmicrocontrollerfamily
RS08LA:RS08cost-effectiveMCUswithLCDdriver
S08LG:S08LG32andS08LG168-bitLCDmicrocontrollers
S08LL:S08ultra-low-powersegmentLCDmicrocontroller
S08QE:Flexis8-bitHCS08microcontrollers
Solution Advantages
•TheRS08KAisanintegratedADC,cost-
effective MCU•TheRS08LAisacost-effectiveMCUwithLCDdrivers
•TheS08LGisanintegrated8-bitMCUwithLCDcontrolforupto296segments
•TheS08LLisourultra-low-powerMCUwithLCDcontrolforextendedbatterylifeapplications
•TheS08QEisahighlyintegrated,pin-compatible 8-bit and 32-bit device duo
Low-End Electronic Type
8-bit Microcontrollers
Smart Energy
8
Mid-Level Electronic Prepaid Electricity MeterMid-level prepaid electronic meters rely on microcontrollers to measure, process, log, display and protect system data . When the measurement is taken, the MCU stores the reading, checks and updates the customer’s current balance and displays the information on thesegmentLCDdisplay.Prepaidmetersalsohave a special payment module which allows a customer to purchase additional power .
Solution Advantages
• MK30MCUbasedontheARM® Cortex™-M4corewithintegrated2xADC,plusprogrammablegainamplifier,LCD controller and touch sensing capabilities to implement keypad functionality
• TheS08GWisanintegratedMCUwith2xADC,tamperdetectionandLCDcontroller
• TheS08LGisanintegrated5-voltMCUwithLCDdriverforupto296segments
• TheS08LLisourultra-low-powerMCUwithLCDcontrolforextendedbatterylifeapplications
• TheS08QEisahighlyintegrated,pin-compatible 8-bit and 32-bit device duo
• TheMC13202isacompletepacketmodemto implement 802 .15 .4 applications
• TheMC13224Platform-in-a-Package solution requires only an external antenna to implement ZigBee applications
Pictured:Low-endmeterreference design with 9S08LGmicro
8-bit Microcontrollers
Products
S08LG:S08LG32andS08LG168-bitLCDmicrocontrollers
S08LL:S08ultra-low-powersegmentLCDmicrocontroller
S08QE:Flexis8-bitHCS08microcontrollers
S08GW:S08ultra-low-powermicrocontroller
MK30:KinetismicrocontrollerbasedontheCortex-M4core
RF Low Power
Products
MC13202:2.4GHzRFtransceiverfor802.15.4applications
MC13224V:MC1322xPlatform-in-a-Package
Mid-Level Electronic Prepaid Type
8- and 32-bit Microcontrollers
RF Low Power
9
Secure End-to-End Solutions
Electronic Single-Phase Electricity Meter (Integrated Electronic Type)IntegratedelectronicmetersreducethenumberofICsusedinthesystembyusinghighly integrated MCU solutions . These MCUs often measure the power, process the measurement data, directly drive the segment LCDdisplayandhandlecommunicationfortheAMInetwork.
Solution Advantages
• TheMK30MCUbasedontheARMCortex-M4 core with integrated2xADC,plus programmable gain amplifier and LCDcontrollertohelpimplement accurate metering functionality for active and
reactiveenergy,satisfyingIEC50470-3classB,1%.ThisdevicecanalsosupportPLCand wireless communication .
• TheS08LLisanultra-low-powerMCUwith LCDcontrolforextendedbatterylifeapplications
• TheS08GWisanintegratedMCUwith2xADC,tamperdetectionandLCDcontroller
• TheMMA766xaccelerometerfeaturesdigitaloutput(I2C/SPI)withverylowpowerconsumption.Itisalowprofilecapacitiveaccelerometer with signal conditioning, a low-pass filter, temperature compensation, self-test, configurable to detect 0g, pulse detect for quick motion detection and requires no external devices .
•TheMMA8491Qisalow-voltage,three-axistiltsensorhousedina3x3QFNpackage.Todetect tilt, the outputs of the internal X, Y and
Z capacitive micro-machined accelerometer are acquired, filtered, compensated for zero-g offset and gain errors, and compared to an internal value
of0.688g(42.5degoneachaxis).Thestateof the comparison for each axis is output as three discrete signals on individual pads
8-bit Microcontrollers
Products
MK30:KinetismicrocontrollerbasedontheARMCortex-M4corewithMQX™RTOS
S08LL:S08ultra-low-powersegmentLCDmicrocontroller
S08GW:S08ultra-lowpower,2xADC,tamperdetectionandLCDcontroller
S08LH:S08,1xADCandLCDcontroller
8- and 32-bit Microcontrollers
Integrated Electronic Type
Acceleration
Products
MMA7660FC:Three-axisdigitaloutputaccelerometer
MMA8453Q:Three-axis,12-bitdigitalaccelerometer
Acceleration
Smart Energy
10
Electronic Three-Phase Electricity MeterPolyphase electricity meters are used in residential and commercial metering applications . Smart polyphase electricity meters form a key part of implementing the smart grid . These meters measure energy(active,reactiveandapparent),haveflash upgrade, connectivity and security features, which include tamper detection . The polyphase meter featured on this page meetsIEC0.5percent15/100and10(60)Aspecifications .
Solution Advantages
• MCF51EMisoptimizedforsmartmeterapplications
• IntegratedADC,tamperdetection,iRTC,dual-bank flash functionalities
• Comprehensivepolyphasemeterreferencedesign contains all of the necessary hardware and software to make the development of production smart meters
quick and easy
Pictured:Polyphaseelectricity meter reference design using MCF51EM256
Polyphase Electricity Meter Diagram
MCU
LCDEEPROM
SignalConditioningTransducer
Line1, 2, 3
x3
Neutral
RS-485Driver
Freescale Technology Optional
PowerSupply
Opto-CouplerIEC1107
RTC
ADC RF
PLM
OpticalCommunication
ModulesLCD Driver
32-bit Microcontrollers and Processors
Products Key Features
MCF51EM:MCF51EM25632-bitMCUforsmartmeterapplications
• Smartmeter-on-a-chip32-bitColdFireV1 MCUwithembeddedLCDcontroller,16-bitADCand metrology-specific peripherals
RF Low Power
Products Key Features
MC13224V:MC1322xPlatform-in-a-Package• Platform-in-a-Packageneedsonlyexternal
antenna to implement ZigBee application
Digital Signal ControllersProducts Key Features
56F802X:Digitalsignalprocessor • DigitalsignalcontrollerinPLM
32-bit Microcontrollers
RF Low Power
Digital Signal Controllers
Polyphase Electricity Meter Diagram
11
Secure End-to-End Solutions
FlowMeters:Gas and Water MetersGas flow meters are devices designed to measure the volume of natural gas or water at a specific time or over a prolonged period . The measurement is then displayed via low-power segmentLCDsoftendrivenbysegmentLCDdrivers on a MCU .
AdvancedgasflowmetersincorporateRFcommunication interfaces for connecting one-wayortwo-wayRFmeterreadingsystems.
The latest trend in metering is to use advanced accelerometers to detect small degrees of movement and record in the event of tampering .
Important Design Parameters
• Costofthedevicesinthesystem• Reliabilityofthedevicesinthesystemdue
to harsh outdoor environments• Batterylifeofthesystem>10years• Securitytoguardagainsttampering• Communicationinterfacerequirements• Abilitytoexpandandupdatethesystemin
the field
Solution Advantages
• SystemMCUisresponsibleforprocessing the data from the flow sensor, tamper sensor and communication interface . Once the MCU processes the information, it outputs the corresponding data to the segmentLCDdisplayandcommunicationinterface
• 9S08LLand9S08GWarefeature-rich
Acceleration
Products Key Features
MMA7660FC: Three-axis digital output accelerometer • Accelerometerfortamperdetection
MMA8453Q: Three-axis, 12-bit digital accelerometer • Accelerometerfortamperdetection
8-bit Microcontrollers
Products Key Features
RS08KA:8-bitmicrocontrollerfamily • IntegratedADC,cost-effectiveMCU
RS08LA:RS08cost-effectiveMCUswithLCDdriver • Cost-effectiveMCUwithLCDdrivers
RS08LE:8-bitmicrocontrollerfamily • Microcontroller
S08LG:S08LG32andS08LG168-bitLCDmicrocontrollers
• Integrated8-bitMCUwithLCDcontrolforupto296 segments
S08LL:S08ultra-low-powersegmentLCDmicrocontroller
• Ultra-low-powerMCUwithLCDcontrolforextended battery life applications
S08GW:S08ultra-low-power,ADC,LCDmicrocontroller• Ultra-low-powerMCUwith2xADC,pulsecounter
andLCDcontrollerforextendedbatterylifeapplications
S08QB:Ultra-low-power8-bitmicrocontrollerfamily • Cost-effectiveintegrated5VMCU
S08QE:Flexis8-bitHCS08microcontrollers• Highlyintegrated,pin-compatible8-bitand
32-bit device duo
8-bit Microcontrollers
Acceleration
Flow Meter Block Diagram
Smart Energy
12
• On-boardpulsecounter,ADC,RTC, ultra-low-power MCUs ensure long battery life
• TheMMA7455xaccelerometerfeaturesdigitaloutput(I2C)withverylowpower.Lowprofilecapacitivemicro-machinedaccelerometer with a low-pass filter, compensation for 0g offset and gain errors . Used for sensor data changes, product orientation and gesture detection through an interruptpin(INT).Extremelysmall 3mmx3mmx0.9mmDFNpackage
• TheMMA766xaccelerometerfeaturesdigitaloutput(I2C/SPI)withverylowpowerconsumption.Itisalowprofilecapacitiveaccelerometer with signal conditioning, a low-pass filter, temperature compensation, self-test, configurable to detect 0g, pulse detect for quick motion detection and requires no external devices . Standby mode makes it ideal for hand-held battery-powered electronics
• Ifmotionisdetected,theMCUtriggersa meter tamper flag and sends a tamper message to the utility company via the communicationinterfaceorLCDdisplay
• OurPLLtunedUHFtransceiversincludeacontext switching feature without using an MCU, enabling it to receive communications from multiple sources, programmable fractionalphaselockedloop(PLL),areceivedsignalstrengthindicator(RSSI)circuit and a periodic wake-up timer . 304, 315,426,434,868and915MHzISMbands,OOKandFSK(softwareselectable)and data rates up to 20 kbps
• RFcommunicationsrangefromsub1GHzto2.4GHz802.15.4andZigBee
RF Low Power
Products
MC13202:2.4GHzRFtransceiverfor802.15.4applications
MC13213:2.4GHzRFtransceiverand8-bitMCUwith60KofflashforZigBeeapplications
MC13224V:MC1322xPlatform-in-a-Package
Transceivers
Products
MC33696:PLLtunedUHFtransceiver
UHF Receivers
Products
MC33596:PLLtunedUHFreceiver
MC1322x Block Diagram
TM
®
MC1322x Block Diagram
RF Low Power
Transceivers
UHF Receivers
13
Secure End-to-End Solutions
8-bit Microcontrollers
Products Key FeaturesS08LL:S08ultra-low-powersegmentLCDmicrocontroller
• Ultra-low-powerMCUwithLCDcontrolforextended battery life applications
S08QB:Ultra-low-power8-bitmicrocontrollerfamily • Cost-effectiveintegrated5VMCU
S08QE:Flexis8-bitHCS08microcontrollers• Highlyintegrated,pin-compatible8-bitand
32-bit device duo
HeatMetersBasic electronic heat allocation meters are designed to measure the temperature at the domestic heat panel for estimating heat energy usage(typicallyininstanceswheremorethantwo households are using the same central heater).Thechallengeforthesedevicesisthatthey must run 10 to 20 years on one set of batteries .
Solution Advantages
• Lowpowerconsumption• Competitivepricepositioning
Basic Heat Meter
8-bit Microcontrollers
Smart Energy
14
Heat Meter: AdvancedAdvanced electronic heat allocation meters employRFtechnologiestomeasurethetemperature and transmit data from sensor nodes to the main concentrator . These devices are typically used in instances where more than two households with multiple rooms use the same central heater . The challenge for these devices is that they have to run 10 to 20 years on one set of batteries .
Electronic heat allocation meters sense and record the temperature of the radiator surface and the room air . The temperature difference is the amount of heat consumption . The meter starts as soon as there is a temperature difference of at least 4 .5°C between the radiatorsensorandtheroomairsensor.Nomeasuring takes place below a temperature reading of 23°C on the radiator .
Solution Advantages
• Concentratorofferssecureencryption,IP,highperformance,real-timeoperatingsystem(RTOS)support
• LeaderinZigBeetechnology• ZigBeestackdesignedin-house• Fullyintegrated,flexiblesolution• Lowpowerconsumption• Competitivepricepositioning• Provenrobustnessinfield
8-bit Microcontrollers and Processors
Products Key FeaturesS08LL:S08ultra-low-powersegmentLCDmicrocontroller
• SensornodeMCUandMCUforconcentratorwithLDCcontrol for extended battery life applications
S08QB:Ultra-low-power8-bitmicrocontroller family
• Cost-effectiveintegrated5VsensornodeMCU
S08QE:Flexis8-bitHCS08microcontrollers• SensornodeMCU:Highlyintegrated,pin-compatible8-bit
and 32-bit device duo
Transceivers
Products Key Features
MC33696:PLLtunedUHFtransceiver
• RFforsensornode:ContextswitchingfeaturewithoutusingMCU,progfractionalPLL,RSSI,periodicwake-uptimer.304,315,426,434,868and915MHzISMbands.OOKandFSK(softwareselectable).Datarateupto20kbps
8-bit Microcontrollers
Advanced Heat Meter
32-bit Microcontrollers and Processors
Products Key FeaturesMCF5223X:IntegratedColdFireV2Ethernetmicrocontrollers
• MCUforconcentratorwithEthernetfunctionality
MCF5225X:32-bitmicrocontrollers • MCUforconcentratorwithEthernetandUSBfunctionality
32-bit Microcontrollers and Processors
RF Low Power
Products Key Features
MC13201:2.4GHzRFtransceiverforproprietary applications
• RFforsensornode,point-to-pointandstarnetworks.Lowercomponent count, size and cost . Complete packet modem capabliltyupto250kbps.O-QPSKmodulationandDSSScoding . Freescale SMAC included
MC13224V:MC1322xPlatform-in-a-Package
• RFforsensornode:Platform-in-a-Packagethatneedsonlyexternal antenna to implement ZigBee application
RF Low Power
Transceivers
15
Secure End-to-End Solutions
HomeEnergyManagement SystemsCommunications-enabled smart meters
have many applications for optimizing overall
energy management within the home, and to
utility companies who want to manage the
load of their grid and prevent power demand
peaks .
The energy management system is the
interface between the utility-controlled smart
grid and energy-consuming in-house objects .
Itisalsotheinterfacetotheconsumer.Ifa
consumer can see how their energy usage
affects their costs and carbon footprint,
they can change their behavior . The energy
management system provides this information
via a user interface than can be part of an
in-house object or be viewed on a smart
mobile device .
Functions for Home Energy Management
•Collectreal-timeenergyconsumptionfrom
smart meter and power consumption data
from various in-house objects
•Generate a dashboard to provide feedback
about power usage
•Provide menus to control appliances
•Provide a ubiquitous link to a broadband
connection
Freescale energy management solutions enable
rapid development with comprehensive reference
designs embedded with the latest technology,
includingi.MXARM processors and MPC8308
PowerQUICCIIProprocessors.Theseare
Energy Gateway Reference Diagram
i.MX or MPC8308
Wireless ConnectivityHAN and Smart Grid
UserInterfaces
BroadbandNetworking
ExpansionSlots
Integrated on i.MX
Power Management
External Storage +SD/SDIO Extension(s)
USB
Optional Display
ZigBee® SE and HA
MC13224V
802.11b/g/n
TRX
Wi-Fi®
3G/GPRSData Modem
Ethernet
ideal for a broad range of connectivity options
that offer flexibility and cost effectiveness . The
i .MX and MPC8308 processors support many
different serial communications protocols,
includingSPIforZigBee,singleanddual
Ethernetoptions,SDIOandPCI-eforWi-Fi.
These smart energy management systems are
supported by wireless chipsets and drivers
fromAtherosaswellasDLMSstacksoffering
complete solutions .
HomeenergymanagementwithinHANisan
emerging market which has multiple options
for implementation . Freescale provides
reference platforms to meet different needs
and provide options for these solutions . The
i .MX-based reference design is optimally suited
for stand-alone home energy management
systems or integration into smart in-house
objects . The MPC8308 reference platform
supports an optimized blend of capabilities,
including energy monitoring and management,
home automation control, home security and
surveillance,aswellasVoIPandHDvideo
streaming, and is designed to be combined
within-homerouters/gateways.
MC13224 is a complete ZigBee Platform-in-a-
Packagesolution.ItsupportsthelatestZigBee
protocol with a BeeStack smart energy or
home automation profile, providing an easy-to-
implement, cost-effective mesh network that
brings a common solution to appliances, meters
and smart plugs .
BridgingthesmartgridwiththeHAN,
Freescale’s energy management systems offer
new energy gateway possibilities including
in-home energy management .
Home Energy Management Systems Diagram
Smart Energy
16
HomeAreaNetworkingZigBee Smart Energy is becoming the default
standardfortheHANinseveralregions.
As companies are building and deploying
meters, programmable thermostats, in-home
displays and appliances, ZigBee enables
communication with the grid to provide
automated demand-side management .
Freescale provides ZigBee solutions based
on MC1322x SiP with Smart Energy profile
1.0andHomeAutomationProfilefor
communications in and around the home .
Freescale also offers BeeKit development tools
which provide a new approach to wireless
application development through graphical
userinterface(GUI)andvalidnetwork
configuration . Codebases deliver libraries,
templates and applications to export directly
toIDEfordevelopmentanddebugging.
Wireless Communications Applications
•MC1321x
•MC1322x(ZigBeetechnology)
•MC33696(ISMband)
•MC9S08GB60
•MC9S08QEfamily
•PowermanagementunitIC:
MC13892, MC33730
Home Area Networking Reference Diagram
Application
Host MCUProfile
Application Framework
Networking Layer
MAC Layer
PHY Layer
ZigBee® IC:MC13224V
UART
Protocol Stack
Home Area Networking Reference Diagram
MC1322x Block Diagram
TM
®
MC1322x Block Diagram
17
Smart Energy Secure End-to-End Solutions
Smart Appliances
Realizinglong-termsavingsinatypicalhome
via the smart grid means that technology,
legislation and mindset must come together
to drive a permanent change in the way
consumers perceive energy consumption .
Most of our high energy use today comes
fromheating/cooling,cooking,lighting,
washing and drying . These home appliances
are now becoming smarter, using advances in
technology to improve the energy efficiency of
the product .
Appliances such as washing machines
(drumandpump),refrigerators(compressors)
androomair-conditioners(compressorsand
fans)arenowadoptingadvancedthree-phase
motors, which offer greater control and
reduce the overall electricity consumption .
Freescale provides digital signal controllers,
8- and 32-bit MCUs that have an
intelligent peripheral set optimised to deliver
precise control for all types of motors used
in smart appliances .
Homeappliancesarebeginningtoinclude
connectivity functionality that allows them
to automatically take advantage of the
benefits that smart metering and variable
tariffs bring . The utility companies are able
to better manage the energy demand and
perform load balancing more efficiently, while
consumers benefit from potential savings by
using smart appliances when energy prices
are at their lowest . This is driving human-
machineinterface(HMI)improvementsto
make available the relevant information that
consumers need to make informed decisions .
Products Key Features
MC9S08 8-bit MCUs • Flash,ADC,timer,touchsensinginterface
Kinetis32-bitARM® Cortex™-M4 MCUs • Flash,touchsensinginterface,segmentLCD,graphicLCD
MC56F8xxx digital signal controllers • FastADC,high-resolutionPWM,mathcapability
i .MX application processors• SVGA,VGALCDsupport,superiorLCDcontrollerIP,
flexiblecommunicationsupport
MC132xx2.4GHzRFICfamily • Flash,RAM,RFtransceiver
Washing Machine Block Diagram
8-bit Microcontrollers
Freescale has a range of solutions for the
HMIcontrolpanel,includingMC9S088-bit
MCUs, through to higher end i .MX application
processors .
The featured microcontrollers also support
U-SNAPimplementationstandards,whichwas
developed for appliances and meters to allow
a general purpose interface to be added to an
appliance.Itcanlaterbeusedforconnectivity
with an energy gateway, smart meter or
Wi-Firouter.U-SNAPisanSPIandstandard
interface that can accept a small module with
the connectivity option of choice . Freescale
supports communication technologies and
protocols such as ZigBee, providing all the
building blocks used in a complete ZigBee-
compliant platform solutions, including the
RFtransceiver,MACandZigBeesoftware,
microcontrollers and sensors .
Washing Machine Block Diagram
Program Control
Motor Control
Display(LED, Segment LCD, GUI)
Keypad(Touch Sensing)
Connectivity toHome Area Nework
Drum(Three-Phase Motor)
Pump(Three-Phase Motor)
Water Level
Water Temp
Water Heater
Water Out
HMI
Smart Energy
18
Data Concentrator Functional Block Diagram
MPU
Security
RS232
DDR
DLC Modem
DLMSRS232
Ethernet
Freescale technology
Flash
GPRS
GSM Modem
ISDN Adapter
PSTN Modem
LAN Adapter LAN
TelephoneNetwork
Wi-Fi, WiMAX
FTPFTP
FTP
FTPFTP
FTP
FTP
Power Supply
Unit
DLC Device (Low Voltage)
Network
Grid-End Applications The utility company manages the
measurement, billing and loading throughout
the entire grid . Therefore, it must manage
a large quantity of data, including critical
time constraints and a very large number of
nodes.IPprotocols,viaEthernet(powerline
communications)orotherhigh-speed
communication, are often used . The link
from the substation to the smart meter in
the buildings and homes can be impractical,
making it necessary to deploy a range of
options according to local need .
The applications required for this task can be
brokendownintothefollowinggroups:data
aggregator/concentrator,gridrouters,grid
power management and protection .
Freescale Products Grid-End Applications
Function Protocol Physical Source
Powerlinetohome(EU)• ERDFG3• PRIME• IEC61334-5
• OFDMPLC• OFDMPLC• S-FSKPLC
• Third-partydevelopmentpartnership
• Third-partydevelopmentpartnership
• DemoofP-LANfromFreescale
Powerline(USA) • HomePlugAV/GP • MII
Radiotohome(USA) • 802.15.4g • 900MHzRF • ActiveFreescalestandardsparticipation
Utility link• 3Gwireless• WiMAX
• EthernetMII• EthernetMII/
SDIO
• FreescaleTCP/IPstackwiththird-party hardware solutions
IP• IETFRFC2460(IPv6)• IETFRFC791(IPv6)
• BSP
Time synchronization • IEEE® 1588 • Ethernet • IXXAT(Freescalepartner)
Meter and revenue• IEC62056DLMS(EU)• ANSIC12.xx(USA)
• AvailableonMPC8308gateway reference design
Data Concentrator Functional Block Diagram
Freescale Products Grid-End Applications
19
Secure End-to-End Solutions
Data Aggregators/Concentrators
The data concentrator is an important
componentinautomaticmeterreading(AMR).
Itcreatesthenecessarynetworkinfrastructure
bylinkingseveralutilitymeters(electricity,gas,
water,heat)tothecentralutilityserverwhere
it captures and reports vital data . The data
concentrator also synchronizes the time and
date data of utility meters to the central utility
server.Itensuresthesecuredatatransferof
user authentication and encryption information .
Communication to utility meters requires an
RForwired(powerlinemodem)connection,
enabling data transfers to the central utility
serverviaEthernet,GSM,GPRS,POTSor
UHF/VHFnetworks.
Freescale offers a data concentrator
reference design based on the MPC8308,
supportingtheDLMS/COSEMclient/server
stack.TheP1025,aQorIQdevicebuilton
Power Architecture® technology, offers a
dual-core solution to allow applications and
communicationstocoexist.Itprovidesa
platform for a fully featured operation system
and hypervisor support for a high-end data
concentrator or aggregator application .
Data Aggregators/Concentrators
USB2.0
LocalBus SEC
32-bitDDR2/3
I2C SerDes(x4)
eTSEC2
SGMIISGMII
eTSEC1SD/
MMC
DUART
QE
SPI
P1025
e500Core
32 KBI
32 KBD
256 KBL2
e500Core
32 KBI
32 KBD
3G Wireless
NAND/NORFlash
DDR2
DualSerial Line
DriversGE
PHYGE
PHY
USB PHY
RS232DB9
DB9 DB9
ULPI
UART
Data Aggregators/Concentrators
I2C RTC
TempSensor
EEPROM
MCU
LCDModule
NAND/NORFLASH
DDR2
GE PH 5-port switch(w/ PHY)
Local DataStorage
Home PlugAV or G.HN
USB PHY
CenelecBand-A
ZigBeeInterface
RS232
USB2.0
LocalBus
16/3 2-bitDDR 2
I2C
Ser-Des(x1)
SDHTesterTester
DUART
SPI
MPC830
PowerSequencing
andMonitoring
DB
UL
UAR
MIRGMI RGMI
16 KB 16 KB
e300 Core
Data Aggregators/Concentrators
Data Aggregators/Concentrators
Smart Energy
20
Grid Routers
Router Function
Interfacebetweenthesmartmeterandthe
utility network is performed using a grid router
(sometimesreferredtoasaconcentrator).The
number of homes serviced by a grid router
variesfromafew(smallclusterofbuildings
supportedbyasmallsubstation)toseveral
hundred(inthecaseofacitywithhigh
concentrationsofbuildingsandhousing).The
roleoftherouteristhesame:toprovidea
link from the utility company to all local smart
meters.Inverycomplexnetworks,ahierarchy
of concentrators may be required to collect all
data and provide links to what is sometimes
called the “back-hall” network where the utility
services reside .
Connectivity
Dataratesvaryaccordingtothelocal
configuration and type of connectivity .
At the heart of the router lies a powerful
32-bit processor, usually running a real-
time operating system and providing high-
level services, such as communications
stacks, prioritization of messages, store and
forwarding, network routing and discovery .
Dependinguponthelocalneeds,arangeof
options are possible for local communication
thatincludeshortrangewireless(around
900MHz),powerlinecommunications(low
frequencycarrierstypicallybelow500kHz)for
local communications and options from longer
range communications such as Ethernet
(TCP/IP),ISDN,WiMAXorGPRS.
Grid Routers
10/100/1000Ethernet
MemoryBoot Flash
ControlProcessor
200 to 1500+ DMIPS
MMU for OS
>256 KBL2 cache
MemoryBoot Flash
LocalPower Rail
Management
ExternalPower
to 24/48V
10/100PHY
10/100PHY
10/100PHY
FPGAor ASIC
Diagnostics,Debug, Printer
MDIO orWireless
PoE Control
Console orFieldbus
Status Outputor Switch Input
xMIIMII, GMII,
GRMII, SGMII
SPI, PCI orPCI Express
USB
SPI
I2C
UART
GPIO
Security
With so many forms of communication,
security of these communications and
that of the grid is paramount . Public key
cryptography,suchasRSA1024/2048,has
very high protection from external attacks
and is commonly used to protect these
otherwise vulnerable links in the network .
ThePowerQUICCandQorIQfamiliessupport
an expansive range of security protocols
and functions for both private and public
key cryptography to ensure these links are
protected from external attacks . For low
dataratecommunication,AESandDES
are commonly used . Since these are private
key cryptography functions, extra care is
neededtoensuresystemintegrity.QorIQ
MPUs provide secure on-board storage of the
keys to provide enhanced security for local
communication and many of the platforms
provide trust architecture and secure boot for
added security .
Freescale offers a wide range of networking
controllers that provide the communications,
performance and security required to provide
this critical link in the smart grid .
Key Features
• Highperformance(100upto38,000MIPs)
• Built-insecurityfunctionssupportingpublic
and private key cryptography
• Widerangeofcommunicationports,
including Gigabit Ethernet and fast serial
ports, plus USB 2 .0 for local on-board
interfacing
• PCIExpress® for FPGA interfacing
Grid Routers
21
Secure End-to-End Solutions
Grid Power Management and Protection (Relay, Breaker, Monitor)
Electricity substations are under increasing
pressure to provide functionality to
actively manage the local grid . As the
load steadily increases, new forms of local
energy generation are being added to grid
architectures that never foresaw such a
complex combination of generation and loads .
When communication with smart meters
is added to the mix, power management
becomesevenmorecomplex.Deployment
of new high-performance power controller
systems is now common across all regions
as utility companies attempt to stay one step
ahead of technical challenges .
Power relay controllers must manage surges
and loading on the grid locally . With an
increasing range in the types of loads and
generators on the local grid, this task is
becoming more complex . There is also the
possibility of a domino effect if a section
of the grid trips without re-routing power
furtherdowntheline.Real-timecontrolis
essential to maintain the grid integrity . This is
accomplishedusingtheIEEE1588protocol,
whichissupportedonmanyPowerQUICC
andallQorIQfamilies.Animportantfunction
of these new power management systems is
the display and handling of local information .
GraphicLCDdisplaysarebecomingmore
desirable to the user as they allow for
easier data control and management of
local grid performance .
Lowpoweroperationisalsoanimportant
considerationformicroprocessor(MPU)
choice . Fan-less operation greatly improves
overall system reliability as these units may
be installed in remote substations and have a
long maintenance cycle . Power Architecture
products are highly efficient and many are
designed for fan-less operation .
Power Breaker Controller Block Diagram
MultipleADC Input
LCDC
Ethernet
Communications(Power Architecture/FPGA)
Ethernet
Data Captureand Data Process
(Power Architecture/FPGA)
Flash
SRAM
PowerManagement
Display
Multiple
Op Amps
Mul
ti-ch
anne
l inp
ut
A move towards cost-effective functional
integration brings the focus towards multicore
MPUs.TheQorIQprovidesanentirefamily
with up to eight cores . Today, dual-core
processing is adequate with products like
the P1020, providing a complete range of
fast serial communications and dual-core
performance at a low cost . Adding power
meter functions in the power breaker provides
more information on grid performance and
loading . MPUs run supervisory, control and
dataacquisition(SCADA)forsubstations
control and must have fast response times for
themanagementoftransientevents(suchas
surges).
Power Breaker Controller Block Diagram
Smart Energy
22
Switched-Mode Power Supply (UPS)
Freescale DSC
VoltageCurrent
LCFilter
DigitalPWM
Generator
DC OutputDC Input
PowerSwitch
Serial Interface
A to D Converter
GPIO
Thermal
Fan
Temperature
System and ControlInformation
SCALE
SCALE
DigitalPowerConversion and StorageA critical component of the smart energy story
is the necessity to increase the efficiency of
the electronic systems and consumer devices
operating in the world today . Every electronic
device must be powered from an energy
source.Inmostcases,thisrequiresenergy
to be converted into a form useable by the
device—a power supply . While power supplies
have become increasingly more efficient, there
is an industry trend to increase the digital
component to the design .
Digitalpowerconversionisapowersystem
that is controlled by digital circuits, in much
the same way as would be with analog
circuits, to monitor, supervise, communicate
and control system stability . A fully digitally
controlled power system includes both digital
control and digital power management .
Control loops provide the mechanism by
which to regulate the output of the power
supply, usually through pulse width modulation
of a power switch . Power management
techniques provide the ability to monitor
temperature, provide overcurrent protection
and supply sequencing .
Freescaledigitalsignalcontrollers(DSCs)are
the right solution for digital power conversion
applications, as they provide both the control
loop and power management functionality on
one platform . By providing outstanding digital
signal processing capabilities, high-speed
pulse-widthmodulation(PWM)andextremely
accurateADCs,FreescaleDSCsmaximize
system performance and reliability .
FreescaleDSCsareexcellentsolutionsfor
such applications as uninterruptable power
supplies, telecom power supplies, server
power supplies, power adapters, solar
inverters, induction cooktops and wireless
chargingsolutions.Digitalpowerconversion
provides direct and indirect benefits, many
withfar-reachingconsequences.Digitalpower
supplies are more efficient over a wider range
of loads . This increase in efficiency reduces
system cost and complexity . The reduction in
discreet components not only reduces cost
but also reduces environmental impact at the
end-of-life cycle of the product by reducing
waste.Increasedsystemefficiencylowers
system energy loss which is converted into
heat . This translates into smaller heat sinks
andfans.Highersystemefficiencyreduces
operational costs of the end product and its
applications . For example, server farms with
high efficiency digital power supplies require
less cooling and lower operational costs .
By providing more efficient power supply
solutions, Freescale contributes to a smarter
and more efficient energy supply use .
Switched-Mode Power Supply
23
Secure End-to-End Solutions
Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)
Freescale DSC
DC OutputAC Input
Failover Path
DC/DCPFC
ADC ADC PWM ADC
PWMPWM
Battery
AC/DC
Switched-Mode Power Supplies
The growth motivator in the switched-mode
power supply market has been largely driven
by cost and efficiency metrics . As gains
have begun to peak on pure analog systems,
designers search for new methods to improve
these performance drivers .
FreescaleDSCsprovidesolutionsfor
maximizing efficiency and reducing system
cost through bill-of-materials reduction .
The Freescale solution addresses system
disadvantages, such as component aging and
operational variability due to changing load
conditions by compensating for these changes
dynamically and efficiently . As the figure to the
leftindicates,theFreescaleDSCintegrates
into the system and provides all system-level
control and management of the switched-
mode power supply .
Uninterruptable Power Supply
Uninterruptable power supplies provide
continuous energy to a load, even when the
primary source of energy is interrupted or
temporarily not available . Uninterruptable
power supply systems include a battery
backup subsystem which remains charged
viatheprimaryinput.Iftheprimaryinput
fails, the battery subsystem provides a near
instantaneous failover mechanism to maintain
Uninterruptable Power Supply
power to the load . Typically, uninterruptable
power supply systems are designed to provide
backup power for short periods of time, long
enough to enable an auxiliary power source
tobebroughtonline.AFreescaleDSC
implemented in an uninterruptable power
supply system provides digital control and
power management for the entire power
supply . As the figure above shows, all three
converter stages are controlled by the
FreescaleDSC.
Smart Energy
24
Wireless Charging
Freescale DSC
AC InputBattery
On/OffIndicator
ButtonControl
MobileDevice
AC/DCCharging
Block
PWM ADC GPIO
GPIO
0 0Wireless Charging
Wireless charging, or inductive charging, is the
process of transferring energy from a power
sourcetoaloadviamagneticenergy.Insuch
systems, a power supply is connected to
an inductive coil called the transmitter . The
device to be charged also has an inductive
coil attached and is referred to as the receiver .
When the transmitter and receiver are placed
within close proximity, the power supply’s
energy is transferred between the coils and
delivered to the load . At close distances,
inductive charging is extremely efficient and
very competitive with wired solutions .
There are several benefits to adopting
inductive charging platforms . From a
consumer perspective, wireless charging
provides consumers more flexibility and
ease of use . Users are no longer tethered
or restricted to when and how they charge
their devices . Charging pads can charge
several devices at once . Consumers no longer
need to be concerned with the compatibility
of their device with the charger as industry
standards are developed and adopted . From
a manufacturer’s perspective, migrating to
wireless charging platforms immediately
reduces costs and increases top-line growth
potential . Potential applications range from
hand-held consumer devices to electric vehicle
recharge stations .
Wireless Charging
Freescale Products for Digital Power Conversion
Products Applications
MC56F801xMC56F8002/006MC56F802x
Power supplies, uninterruptable power supply
MC56F824x/5x Wireless chargers, power supplies, inverters
MC56F84xx Switched-mode power supplies
Freescale Products for Digital Power Conversion
25
Secure End-to-End Solutions
Renewable Energy
Renewableenergywillplayaveryimportant
part in the smart grid over the coming years .
As countries become more conscious of
reducing their carbon footprint, harnessing
solar energy and wind energy moves to the
forefront . Freescale solutions provide our
customers with the ability to design efficient
and sustainable energy solutions .
Solar InvertersSolarinvertersconvertdirectcurrent(DC)
produced by a solar module to alternating
current(AC)forusebyappliancesorfor
feeding into the electrical power grid . They
also serve to protect against power surges
and for monitoring and logging performance
data to maximize yield efficiency for the
completephotovoltaicsystems.Invertersmay
be designed with or without transformers
and for a range of difference voltages and
topologies depending on the application .
TheFreescaleDSCfamilyofprocessors
offers a cost-effective, single-chip solution
for low-end single- or three-phase inverters .
A reference design is available which
demonstrates how to manage the three
steps of power conversion and harness
400W peak power from a solar panel for
consumeruse.DSCcontrollerscombineMCU
andDSPfunctionalityonasinglechipwith
high-performancePWMandADCmodules,
coupledwithSCIandGPIOsupport.Forthe
higher end or grid-tied three-phase inverters,
Freescale Products for Solar Applications
Products Applications
56F80xx, 56F82xx Micro inverters, low-end single-phase inverters
PXS20, PXS30 High-endsingle-andthree-phaseinverters
56F80xx, 56F82xx, S08 Battery chargers
S08,KinetisARM® Cortex™-M4 Communications processor
MCF51EM, Kinetis Cortex™-M4 Smart metering
i .MX, Kinetis Cortex™-M4 Solar monitor and logging unit
400 VA, 230V 50 Hz Solar Panel Inverter Block Diagram
Control Unit
DC to DCConverter
+MPPT Control
DC to ACInverter
OutputFilter
BatteryCharger
Sol
ar P
anel
s
Option
+36V +400V230VAC
0V 0V
L
N
230V~ 50 Hz
Isolation
AD
C (U
)
PW
M 2
AD
C (U
, I)
RS232/485
PWM 2
ADC (U, I)
Photovoltaic System Block Diagram
Power BusInve
rter
/C
ont
rolle
r
Solar Panel Array
UtilityMeter
DC/D DC/D DC/D DC/D
LocalStorage
LocalLoads
Control Bus
400 VA, 230V 50 Hz Solar Panel Inverter Block Diagram
Photovoltaic System Block Diagram
Freescale Products for Solar Applications
Smart Energy
26
Freescale Products for Wind Turbine Applications
Products Applications
• MPC55xx/56xx• QorIQ
Generator control
• MC56F801x• MC56F81x• MC56F825x• MC56F83xx• PPC5634
Power conversion
• MCF51EM Metering
• MPC55xx/56xx• QorIQ
Main power control
• 9S08MP16• MC56F8006• MC56F8013
Yaw motor and yaw drive control
• MC1320x Wireless communications
• MCF5225x• MCF51CN• S08DZ• 56F825x
CommunicationsEthernet/CAN
• i.MX• S08LL• TSSlibraries• FlexisJM
Control panel and data logging
• Vibration• Pressure• Temperature
Sensor analysis
Wind Power Generation Solutions
Tower
Wireless Laptop
Control Panel and Data Logging
FrontRotor
Stator
RearRotor
Shaft
Spine
Wind Turbine
Communications: Ethernet/CAN
Wind Turbines Block Diagram
Generator MeteringPower Conversion(Rectifier/Inverter)
AC/DCRectifier
DC/ACInverter
the PXS family of processors is an excellent
fit . The PXS family is based on a dual-core
architecture which has been specifically
designed for safety-critical applications .
ThePXSfamilyoffersover600DMIPSof
performance,floatingpointunitandSIMD
DSPcapabilities,high-performancePWM
andADCmodulesaswellasextensive
communications support .
Wind Turbines
Freescale’s portfolio of cores built on Power
Architecture technology is well tuned for the
demands of some of the worlds largest wind
turbines . The MPC85xx family is well suited
to the high computational load required to
manage a megawatt wind turbine . These large-
scale wind turbines must react to changing
environmental and energy loading conditions
and maintain a stable output for the grid .
Wind Turbine Block Diagram
Freescale Products for Wind Turbine Applications
Wind Power Generation Solutions
27
Secure End-to-End Solutions
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)
ThePHEVcontainsrechargeablebatteries
which are charged via an external power
source.PHEVspossessfeaturesofbotha
conventional hybrid electric and all-electric
vehicles . Both have an electric motor and an
internalcombustionengine(ICE),aswellasa
plug that connects to the electrical grid . This
market is growing worldwide, as China, the
United States and many European countries
have established goals to facilitate the
introductionofPHEVsthroughstimulusgrants
and emissions mandates .
Freescale Solutions for PHEVs: Inside the Car
AhybridvehiclecombinesanICEanda
battery-poweredelectricmotor(E-motor)to
power the drivetrain, which improves fuel
economyandreducesharmfulemissions.In
addition to the internal combustion engine
control unit, other modules are required to
control the electric traction motor, recharge the
battery and mange the energy used to run the
auxiliaries,suchasthestart/stopsystemand
fuel and water pumps .
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
ANSI/NBMA C12(Electricity Meter) Home Energy
Gateway SAE J1772(connector)
Electric VehicleCharging Supply
Electric VehicleCharging Supply
Electric Vehicle
Freescale Solutions for PlPHEV: Outsidehe carProducts Key Features
MCF51EM256, MC9S08GW64 • Electricitymeterorpoint-of-loadmeter
i .MX2xx family, MPC8308 • Homeenergygateway
MC1322xZigBee(SmartEnergyprofileandHomeAutomationprofile)
• Homeareanetworking
MC56F82xx, MCF84xx • HEVsolutionsforchargingstations
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Freescale Solutions for PHEV: Outside the Car
Smart Energy
28
Freescale Products for Hybrid Drive TrainProduct Family Products Key Features
32-bit MCU
• MPC55xx• MPC56xx• MPC564xA• MPC564xL
High-performanceMCUfamilywithscalable e200 cores built on Power Architecture® technology, up to to 6 MB flashembedded
16-bit MCU • S12XE• S12XS• S12P
Wide portfolio offering of compatible and scalable products with a range of feature set and packaging options
Analog and mixed signal integrated circuits
• MC33730• MC33904• MC33905
Power supply and system basis chip
• MC33811 • MC33972 • MC33975
Signal conditioning
• MC33937 Three-phase pre-drivers
• MC33899 • MC33926 • MC33931 • MC33932
H-bridgedrivers
•MC33661 • MC33902
CAN/LINtransceivers
• MM912F634 IDC,lowbatterymanagement
Enablement tools • Evaluationboard,calibration
solution, software library, AUTOSAR
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Reference Diagram
Generator
Inverter PowerCircuit
Motor
Engine
Bat
tery
Drive Wheels
Power split device
LV BatteryManagement
QulBS IDCS12(x)
Engine ControlAnalog Drivers,
Pressure Sensor,S08, MOSFET
µHybrid, S/StopS08, S12(x),
MOSFET
HV BatteryManagement
S12(x)Inverter
and MotorControl S12(x),
Gate Driver
Charger MCU S08,
S12(x)
DC/DC ConverterS08, S12(x)
Freescale’s MCU portfolio includes a number
of electric motor control solutions with an
available low-level software library . The charger
can be addressed with a 16-bit MCU S12
which provides the resource to control the
voltage from the grid to the converter . The
CANnetworkallowsthediagnosticsand
interaction of the charger to communicate with
all electronic modules embedded in the car .
We are continually developing new products
with dedicated peripheral sets for the electric
architectures used in hybrid vehicles . For
example, our intelligent distributed control
(IDC)deviceintegratestheindustry-leading
16-bit S12 MCU with analog, mixed-signal and
networking physical interfaces to provide a
reliable and cost-effective system-in-package
(SiP)solutionforbatterymonitoring.
Freescale Products for Hybrid Drive Train
PHEV Reference Diagram
29
Secure End-to-End Solutions
Electricity MetersReference Design Features Image
<$10 single-phase
electricity
meter using
9RS08KA8
• Ratedvoltage:220V,maximumoperatingvoltagerange:80%~120%• CurrentrangeI:5(30)A,frequencyrange:50Hz±5%,accuracylevel:1.0• Ratedtemperature:23°C,maximumoperatingtemperaturerange:-25°C~+55°Cpowerconsumption:≤1VA• Basic, measurement and active power accumulating functions• Output:Maincontrolboardoutputspulsesforactivepowermeasurement• Powerpulsesaresquarewaveswith80msperiodand±20%tolerance.Voltagedropofpulses’amplitudeis
<10%ofratedvalue(highlevel>0.9VD),lowlevelofoutputpulsesis<0.9V• Communication:Infraredcommunicationportwith1200bpsbaudrate,RS485communicationwith1200bps
baudrate,communicationprotocolcomplieswithDL/T645• Display:Maintainsdisplaywhenpoweredoff• Electromagneticcompatibility:Electronicstaticdischarge:8kV,highfrequencyelectromagneticfield:10V/m,
electricalfasttransient:operatingstate2kV,non-operatingstate4kV,voltagesurge:4kV
<$10 single-phase
electricity meter
using 9S08LA8
• Cost-effectivesingle-phasepowermeterbasedon9RS08LA88-bitMCUwithon-chipLCDdriver• Single-phase active power measurement with forward, reverse and aggregated energy accumulation• ImplementedwithDL/T-6452007AMRspecificationviaRS485andinfrared(formarketinChina)
Single-phase multi
rate meter with
external AFE using
9S08LG32
• Cost-effectivesingle-phasemulti-tariffpowermeterbasedon9S08LG32withon-chipLCDdriver• Externalanalogfrontend(AFE)• Externalreal-timeclock(RTC)• Single-phaseactivepowermeasurement:Forward,reverseand aggregatedenergyaccumulation• Multi-tariffcontrolwithstand-aloneRTC• Flexible MCU clock configuration• ImplementedwithDL/T-6452007AMRspecificationviaRS485andinfrared(formarketinChina)
Single-phase power
meter turnkey
solution using MZ60
• Cost-effective single-phase power meter based on Freescale’s 9S08MZ60 8-bit MCU• Based on China SGCC specification• ExternalLCDdriver• AFE• Supports+ve/-veactiveenergyandtariff4• Flexible MCU clock configuration
Single-phase
electricity meter
using MC9S08LH64
• Single-phase cost-optimized design• Voltage:230V±10%,current:5(60)A• Activepowermeasurement:URMS,IRMS• IEC50470-3ClassBaccuracy• EMCprovendesign:EN61000-4-4,EN61000-4-2• LEDandopencollectorpulseoutputs• EN62056-21infraredinterfacehardware• OpticallyisolatedRS232interface• The110segmentLCDconsumes1.8mAwhenallsegmentsareon• Tampering:Opencoverdetection• Excellent standby current of 1 .4 µA• DualarrayflashwithEEPROMemulation,noexternalEEPROMneeded• 16-bitSARADconverter,RTC
Single-phase meter
using MCF51EM256
(Integrated AFE)
• Voltageandcurrentcapability:85–264V,5(100)A• Measures:U
RMS,IRMS,active,reactive,apparentpower(energy),cosj,RTC• IEC50470-3ClassB(1%)accuracy• Tamper(opencover)detectionviatamperbutton,three-axisI2C accelerometer• Userinterface:Energyoutputinterface(twoLEDs),LEDandopencollectorpulseoutputs• EN62056-21infraredinterface,RS232opto-isolatedserialinterface,SPIheaderfort2.4GHzRFinterface
(1320x),userbuttonsandLCD• Otherfeatures:MQX™basedforadvancedmarkets,FFTalgorithmforprecisionreactivemeasurement
Three-phase meter
simulation using
DEMOEM board
• Demoboardsimulatesathree-phasemeteringapplication,includinginputwaveforms• Three-phase meter is based on MCF51EM256• 4x40segmentLCDdriver,16-bitADC• IndependentRTC• IRinterface(SCI,TPM,PRACMP)• 9S08QE8generatessimulatedinput• Capacitive touch pad software
FreescaleReferenceDesignsElectricity Meters
Smart Energy
30
Reference Design Features Image
Flowmeter
based on the
MC9S08GW64
• Low-powerSTOP3mode(500uA),ultra-low-powerSTOP2mode(300uA)• BasedonHallEffectsensor• Position counter used to calculate the flow and run even when the MCU is in low power
mode, MCU stays is low power mode for most of the time and position counter interrupt used to wake the MCU• Month-wiseandaccumulatedflowstoredinflashmemory.UserInterfaceavailablefordisplayingtheflowonLCD• RFcommunicationsover2.4GHzlowpowerZigBeeforsmartflowmeter,compliantwithFreescaleZigBeeSMAC
protocol stack• DLMSportedontheflowmeterforinterfacingwithsmartmeter,DLMSisoverZigBee(2.4GHz)• UARTTx\Rxisavailableonboardforcommunicatingwithflowmeter• Flowmeter cover opening tamper with time stamping
Electricity Meters (continued)
Reference Design Features Image
Polyphase
electricity meter
based on
MCF51EM256
• Completesolutionforsingle-phase,three-phase110Vand230Velectricitymetersforallglobalregions• Able to achieve beyond class 0 .5 for active energy• Designedandtestedagainst: IEC62053-22InternationalEnergyMeteringSpec,class0.5(orbetter)foractiveenergy IEC62053-23InternationalEnergyMeteringSpec,class2forreactiveenergy IEC62056-21InternationalEnergyMeteringDataExchangeSpec IEC62053-22,IEC62053-23,IEC62052-11ElectroStaticDischarge(ESD),testedperIEC61000-4• Full documentation including pre-compliance test data is available• Software source code is supplied as a CodeWarrior project for easy re-use or customization• Full working reference design is available for loan and evaluation
Single-phase
electricity
meter based on
MC9S08GW64
• Single-phase cost-optimized energy meter reference design• BasedonMC9S08GW64devicehavingtwo16-bitADChardwareanddedicatedRTC• Class1accuracyfor5–30ampand10–60amp,meetingIndianstandards• 10–60 amp, ZigBee® is also implemented on board• Runningoncapacitivepowersupplyandshunt-basedcurrentmeasurement• Totalcurrentconsumption:4V(meter),4ma(micro),runningon220nFcap• Verylowstandbycurrent• LCDdisplaycontrol
Single-phase
electricity meter
based on the
Kinetis MK30
MCU
A high-performance solution for power measurement in single-phase two-wire installations targeted towards residential metering.ZigBeeconnectivitythroughI2C.FirmwarebasedonMQX™RTOS.• 5(60)ampcurrentrange,nominalcurrent5amp,peakcurrent60amp• 120/230VAC,50/60Hzoperationalrange• Activeandreactivepower(energy)measurement,IEC50470-3classB,1%• Shunt-resistor sensing circuit implementation, voltage sensing by an inexpensive resistor divider• 4x40segmentLCD,includingchargepump(valuesshownonLCD:V,A,W,Var,VA,kWh,kVarh,cos,Hz,time,date)• Tamper detection• IEC1107infraredhardwareinterface,opticallyisolatedRS232interface• 2.4GHzRFinterfacethrougha1322x-LPNdaughtercard• EMCprovendesign(EN61000-4-2,EN610004-4)
FreescaleReferenceDesignsElectricity Meters (continued)
Digital Power
Flowmeters
Reference Design Features Image
LLC resonant
converter
• LLCresonanthalf-bridgeconverter• SynchronousrectifierandbuckconverterarecontrolledbytheMC56F8247DSConthesecondaryside• MC56F8013 on the primary side for PFC
Solar panel
inverter demo
• Uses MC56F8025 for inverter control• Batterychargerandon/offgridoptions• MPPT algorithm is implemented to maximize output power
Micro-inverter
solar reference
design
• Themicro-inverterisbasedontheFreescaleDSCMC56F8257toperformthefunctionsofcontrolandmeasurement• MPPT algorithm is implemented to maximize output power• PLMcommunications,batterycharger,on/offgridalloptionalfeatures
NoImage
Available
31
Secure End-to-End Solutions
Home Energy Management SystemsReference Design Features Image
In-home
energy display
• Low-power,cost-effectiveKinetisK30microcontrollerprovidestheapplicationplatformandcommunicationswith remote sensors
• ZigBee®2.4GHzSE2.0canalsosupportZigBeeHomeAutomationifneeded• Sub1GHzISMbandRFtoelectricitymeterandgasmeterforCentralEurope• Display:SegmentLCDtoreducepowerandcost• Expansionforadditionalwirelessorwired(RS485)sensornodesforenhancedenergymanagementorbuildingcontrol• Optiontoincludedot-matrixLCDorgraphicLCDdisplayviaSPIlink
Home energy
manager
based on i.MX28
• ARM926TMi.MX28-basedenergygatewayreferencedesign(1xEthernet,1xWLAN,2xZigBee,1xISM-RF,1xRS232)
• Compactformfactor(3.29”x2.98”inheadlessmode)• VerylowBOM(<$40includinga4-layerPCB)• Basedonapowerfulandlow-poweri.MX283withintelligentintegration(powermanagement,connectivity,
display,analog)forlowestpossiblesolution• Scalable(features,performance,software)portfolioofARM® based processors to future proof designs in an
evolvingHANandhomeenergymanagementmarketsegment• Multiple connectivity options to smart meters and smart appliances including M-Bus, Wi-Fi® and ZigBee• Pre-validated communication stacks and example code• Freescale quality and reliability with industrial qualification, extended temperature range and long term
guaranteeofsupply(longevityprogram)• Developmentkitincludesthefullytestedhomeenergymanagementunit,powersupply,documentationandcabling
andisavailablethroughAdeneoEmbedded(adeneo-embedded.com/heg).Schematics,gerberfilesandsoftwarepackages(LinuxandWindowsEmbeddedCompact7BoardSupportPackages)availableforfree
Networked smart
gateway
based on MPC8308
• Complete mass production-ready design with integrated ZigBee Pro and 802 .11n Wi-Fi modules• MPC8308processorsupportsupto400MHz,deliveringupto800DMIPS• Multi-applicationsupportforsmartenergy,homeautomation,homesecurity/surveillance,streaming
HDvideoandVoIP• SupportsZigBeeHomeAutomation1.0andSmartEnergy1.0profiles,aswellasDLMS• Completedesignfilesincludingschematicsandgerbersincluded,aswellasOpenWRTsoftwarestacks
Data ConcentratorReference Design Features Image
Data concentrator
based on QorIQ
P1025
• BasedonP1025-RDB,thisreferencedesignincludeson-boardZigBeechip• P1025:e500-basedmicroprocessorrunningupto667MHz• InterfacestosupportWi-Fi,powerlinecom,PLM,M-Bus,GPRSandothers• RunningDLMS/COSEMclientstackfromKalkiTechnologies(IEC62056),on-boardsecurityengine
Data concentrator
based on
MCF5441x
• BasedonColdFireV4core250MHzprocessor:MCF54415/MCF54418• SupportsDDR2,SPIandNANDflash• Connectivity:10/100MbpsIEEE®1588USBH/D/OTG,CAN• On-board security engine• ApplicationcodewritteninLinux®
FreescaleReferenceDesignsHome Energy Management Systems
Data Concentrator
Smart Plug
Reference Design Features Image
Smart plug (SMAC)
based on
MC9S08GW64
• LowaccuracysmartACenergymeterbasedonMC9S08GW64• Customizable energy consumption monitoring • Appliance control • Appliance power control• Wireless control via SMAC• CompatiblewithanyIRremoteforpreciseappliancecontrol• RemotecontrolviamainhomeenergymeterthroughSMAC• Designedforsmartenergyappliances
Smart Energy
For current information about Freescale products and documentation, please visit freescale.com/smartenergyFreescale,theFreescalelogo,ColdFire,CodeWarrior,theEnergyEfficientSolutionslogo,PowerQUICCandQorIQaretrademarksofFreescaleSemiconductor,Inc.,Reg.U.S.Pat.&Tm.Off.BeeKit,BeeStack,Flexis,KinetisandProcessorExpertaretrademarksofFreescaleSemiconductor,Inc.Allotherproductorservicenamesarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.ARMistheregisteredtrademarkofARMLimited.ARMCortex-M4,ARM7andARM926arethetrademarksofARMLimited.ThePowerArchitectureandPower.org word marks and the Power and Power .org logos and related marks are trademarks and service marks licensed by Power .org . © 2011 FreescaleSemiconductor,Inc.
Document Number: BRSMRTENERGYREV2
Freescale in Smart Grid StandardsFreescale is an active participating member in
several leading smart grid standards bodies
and committees .
Promotor and Contributing Member
• ZigBeeAlliance:Freescalecontributedtothe
creation and project management of Smart
Energy profile specification
• IPSO(IPforSmartObjects)Alliance
• 6LoWPAN
• G.hn
• ETSIBoardSmartGridstrategictopic:
Freescale is a member of this board and
one of the champions of the SmartGrid
strategic topics
• HomeGatewayInitiative(HGI)SmartEnergy
champion
Contributing Member
• IEEE802.15/IEEE802.15gSmartUtility
Network(SUN)wirelessstandard
• ETSIM2MandETSIM/441strategicteam
(M/441istheECmandatetodefinesmart
meter)
Participating Member
• SmartGridInteroperabilityPanel(NIST)
• PecanSt.Project,TX
• ITU-TSmartGridfocusgroup
Third-Party PartnersFreescale works closely with several
third-party partners to provide useful hardware
and software tools and reference designs to
make designing a new product simpler and
faster . Below are our key partners who provide
solutions for the smart energy and smart grid
space .
Metrology
• Larsen&Toubro
• KalkiTechnologies
• AllGoSystems
Energy Gateway
• Microsoft
• QNX
• Atheros
• ThinkEco
• AricentTechnologies
Home Area Networking
• Develco
• Synapse
• Atheros
Data Aggregator/Concentrator
• KalkiTechnologies
• IXXAT
• GDATechnologies
Freescale is a recognized leader in the design of high-performance, energy-efficient semiconductor products . Underscoring this, Freescale has introduced the Energy-Efficient Solutions mark to highlight selected products that excel in effective implementation of energy efficiency technologies that deliver market-leading performance in the application spaces they are designed to address .
Featured Freescale Energy-Efficient Solutions
8-bit Microcontrollers• S08LL:S08Ultra-Low-PowerSegmentLCD• S08QB:Ultra-Low-Power8-bit
Microcontroller Family• S08QE:Flexis8-bitHCS08Microcontrollers
32-bit Applications Processors• i .MX Family of Applications Processors,
QorIQandPowerQUICC
Acceleration• MMA7660FC:Three-AxisDigital
Output Accelerometer • MMA8453Q:Three-Axis,12-bit
DigitalAccelerometer
Digital Signal Controllers• MC56F8006/2DigitalSignalController
Touch Sensors• MPR03x,MPR121:ProximityCapacitive
Touch Sensing Controller