Freedom…Now what?

Roll Call: What color is your toothbrush?

Mental Floss• Objective

– Identify the problems of the American Revolution that caused the need for a stronger central government.

– Identify the compromises debated at the Constitutional Convention.

1. What were 3 reasons the colonists thought that it was important to write a declaration to declare independence.

2. Pick the top 2 causes of the American Revolution and explain why.

• Vocab– Articles of

Confederation– Shays’ Rebellion– Land Ordinance – Northwest

Ordinance– Constitution– VA Plan– NJ Plan– Great

Compromise– 3/5 Compromise– Electoral College

• Boost morale• Get other

countries involved

• Tell Parliament what we were doing

• Taxing without representation

• French and Indian War

5 minutes to study for your Mini-Test

• Get out your breakup letters• 1.1 – English Documents (Magna Carta,

Parliament, English Bill of Rights, and Common Law

• 1.2 – 4 philosophers (Montesquieu, Rousseau, Locke, Hobbes)

• 1.3 – Causes of the Revolution - flipchart

• 20 questions (MC, TF, Fill in the Blank, Short Answer)

Articles of Confederation

Strengths and Weaknesses

No Executive or Judicial

Branch

No National

Army

No P

ow

er to

Tax

No Po

wer to

Enfo

rce

Laws

Each

sta

te

got

one v

ote

States hold

the powerNorthwest Ordinance

Land

Ordin

ance

Shay’s Rebellion

• States are in control.

• 13 different opinions on every issue.

• Large states and small states have the same amount of power. Bad for Virginia. Bad for Rhode Island.

• Would everyone speed if there were no cops?

• Why would the colonists not want a strong executive?

• What would happen if the country went back to war?

• Wars are expensive. How would the colonists pay for the Revolutionary War? They were in serious debt.

• Organized the new lands

• New states could join the United States

Shays’ Rebellion

• Who? Daniel Shays• What? Rebellion of Farmers• When? 1786 – 1787• Where? Philadelphia and

Massachusetts • Why? against state and local

enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt.

Philadelphia Constitutional

ConventionLed by James Madison and George Washington12 of 13 states agreed to meet to revise the Articles (at first)

Delegates1. 55 delegates chosen by their states

because of their influence2. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams

were not present b/c they were representatives in Europe at the time

Operating Procedures1. Each state one vote, simple majority

would win2. Held in complete secrecy so delegates

could talk freely3. Major Debates- Distribution of

political power, rights of individuals, rights of states, slavery

Plans & Compromises

A. Virginia Plan1. James Madison the main contributor2. Bicameral (two houses) Congress3. Representation by population

B. New Jersey Plan1. Similar to Articles2. One house congress 3. Equal Representation by state

Analyzing the 1790 Census

1.List the states from most populous to least populous

2.Circle the top 5 most populous, bottom 4 least populous

3.How do you think these two groups would want representation decided in Congress?

1790 United States Census DataState

Total Population

Slave Population

Connecticut 237,946 2,764Delaware 59,096 8,887Georgia 82,548 29,264Maryland 319,728 103,036Massachusetts 378,787 0New Hampshire 141,885 158New Jersey 184,139 11,423New York 340,120 21,324North Carolina 141,885 100,572Pennsylvania 434,373 3,737Rhode Island 68,825 948South Carolina 249,073 107,094Virginia 691,737 292,627

1790 Census Data

• 1. Virginia• 2. Pennsylvania • 3. North Carolina • 4. Massachusetts • 5. New York• 6. Maryland• 7. South Carolina

• 8. Connecticut• 9. New Jersey • 10. New Hampshire• 11. Georgia• 12. Rhode Island• 13. Delaware

Great Compromise = Connecticut Compromise1.Two house Congress2.House of

Representatives1. Based on Population2. VA Plan

3.Senate1. Equal representation2. NJ Plan

Three-Fifths Compromise1. Southern states wanted slaves to

count toward population for representation

2. Every slave would count as 3/5ths of a person

Slave Trade and Commerce1. North: Congress

to control all trade2. South: was afraid

of congress taxing exports and stopping importing slaves

3. Compromise: Congress control trade, not tax exports, and slave trade end in 1808

Electoral College1. Congress or people decide president?2. Compromise: state legislatures pick

through electoral college3. Now: Each state gets votes based on

number of total representatives in Congress

Compromises of the Constitutional Convention

• Independently or with a partner use your Graphic Organizer to organize the various compromises made at the Constitutional Convention

• Use your own words to describe each compromise

Brain BreakWeaknesses in Government• What are some weaknesses you see in our form of government? If you had the power to change anything in our democratic system, what would it be?

Exit Slip

–What was the difference between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan?