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Crddjif ic Lrbtbsk Bejb` tkriuok tkd

Mdes ic tkd Gk`sg`r Fivdfdet

@lstr`at

Kbstirba`mmy, tkd mbldr`tbie ic Lrbtbsk Bejb` be 02:? k`s ldde prbf`rbmy ardjbtdj ti tkd @mm-

Bejb` Fusmbf Md`oud `ej tkd Bejb`e E`tbie`m Aieordss, wki wdrd bevimvdj be tkd edoitb`tbies

cir p`rtbtbie wbtk tkd Lrbtbsk Oivdrefdet. Ly aietr`st, tkbs `rtbamd cimmiws tkd dvdets md`jbeo up

ti tkd crddjif ic Lrbtbsk Bejb` `s sdde tkriuok tkd mdes ic @mm`f` F`skr`qb `ej kbs Gk`gs`r

Fivdfdet. Bt dx`fbeds tkd or`ssriits dccirts ic F`skr`qb `ej tkd Gk`gs`rs ti filbmbzd tkd

Bejb`e e`tbie tiw`rjs crddjif `s wdmm `s tkd Oivdrefdets `ttdfpts ti arusk tkd Fivdfdet.

Tmtbf`tdmy, tkd `rtbamd aieamujds tk`t tkd trud mbldr`tbie ic Lrbtbsk Bejb` w`s eit fdrdmy tkd rdsumt

ic edoitb`tbies ir jr`wbeo riif pimbtbas, lut r`tkdr `e iutaifd ic tkd aietbeudj rdsbst`ead ic

tkd Gk`gs`rs `ej itkdr pimbtba`m p`rtbds.

8/10/2019 "Freedom of British India Through the Lens of the Khaskar Movement" (Full Version)by Nasim Yousaf

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Crddjif ic Lrbtbsk Bejb` tkriuok tkd

Mdes ic tkd Gk`sg`r FivdfdetLy E`sbf Rius`c

Zkbs `rtbamd dx`fbeds tkd rimd ic @mm`f` F`skr`qb `ej kbs Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet be tkd

crddjif ic Lrbtbsk Bejb`. Zkd tipba k`s tkus c`r ldde m`rodmy boeirdj ly kbstirb`es be Bejb` `ej

X`gbst`e `ej tkdrdcird iccdrs ` crdsk mdes wbtk wkbak ti `e`myzd tkd mbldr`tbie ic tkd Bejb`e

e`tbie crif Lrbtbsk rumd be 02:?. Ardjbt cir crddjif k`s tkus c`r ldde prbf`rbmy `ttrblutdj ti tkd

@mm-Bejb` Fusmbf Md`oud (@BFM) `ej tkd Bejb`e E`tbie`m Aieordss (BEA), wki k`j ldde

deo`odj be tkd edoitb`tbies cir p`rtbtbie wbtk tkd Lrbtbsk Oivdrefdet. B `roud, kiwdvdr, tk`t

fird si tk`e tkd pimbtba`m edoitb`tbies - tkd trud ciuej`tbie cir crddjif w`s f`jd pissblmd ly

tkd aietbeudj rdsbst`ead ic @mm`f` F`skr`qb `ej kbs Gk`gs`r Zdkrddg (`mieo wbtk itkdr pimbtba`m

p`rtbds `ej prdssurd oriups). Zkdrdcird, tkbs `rtbamd ldobes wbtk F`skr`qbs d`rmy a`rddr `ej

`e`myzds tkd dvdets md`jbeo up ti tkd mbldr`tbie ic Bejb` be 02:? ti skiw tk`t tkd Lrbtbsk jdabsbie

ti tr`escdr piwdr wiumj eit k`vd ldde pissblmd wbtkiut tkd betdesd prdssurd `ppmbdj upie tkd

Oivdrefdet ly F`skr`qb.

F`skr`qbs D`rmy Rd`rs `ej tkd Jdvdmipbeo \bct wbtk tkd

Oivdrefdet

Be`y`tumm`k Gk`e, ir @mm`f` F`skr`qb (Qakim`r ic tkd D`st) `s kd w`s fird aiffiemy

geiwe, w`s lire beti ` wdmm-ti-ji c`fbmy be Bejb` `ej djua`tdj `t Akrbsts Aimmdod, Tebvdrsbty

ic A`flrbjod (Deom`ej). Kd st`rtdj kbs a`rddr be 0201 `s Sbad Xrbeabp`m ic Bsm`fb` Aimmdod be

Xdsk`w`r. F`skr`qb qubagmy o`bedj pipum`rbty be tkbs pisbtbie `ej siie lda`fd Xrbeabp`m. M`tdr,

kd w`s `ppibetdj `s Tejdr Qdardt`ry ic Djua`tbie cir tkd Oivdrefdet ic Lrbtbsk Bejb`. @s

Tejdr Qdardt`ry, F`skr`qbs rdm`tbieskbp wbtk tkd Lrbtbsk Oivdrefdet jdtdrbir`tdj ie pimbay

f`ttdrs. Aiesdqudetmy, tkd Oivdrefdet rdmdo`tdj kbf ti ` mdssdr pisbtbie `s Kd`jf`stdr ic

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Oivdrefdet Kbok Qakiim be Xdsk`w`r. _kbmd F`skr`qbs oiijwbmm wbtkbe tkd Lrbtbsk

Oivdrefdet w`s jdambebeo, kbs pipum`rbty `fieo tkd pdipmd ic Xdsk`w`r rdf`bedj strieo.

Be 02

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pdipmd ic tkd Bejb`e sulaietbedet crif tkd amutakds ic cirdboe yigd `ej aievdrt kbs e`tbie beti `

rumbeo piwdr.

F`skr`qb jdvitdj f`ey yd`rs filbmbzbeo pdipmd `ej sprd`jbeo tkd Gk`gs`r Zdkrddg,

beauma`tbeo be kbs cimmiwdrs ` aiffbtfdet ti strbat jbsabpmbed, aiffuebty sdrvbad, jdvitbie ti tkd

a`usd, `ej mivd cir `mm. F`skr`qb p`rtbaum`rmy m`bj dfpk`sbs ie ak`r`atdr lubmjbeo, `s kd

rdaioebzdj tk`t ied ic tkd f`nir jiwec`mms ic `ey e`tbie bs ` m`ag ic ak`r`atdr. Zi kbf, ei e`tbie

aiumj dvdr ldaifd ` rumbeo piwdr uemdss bt pissdssdj strieo ak`r`atdr. F`skr`qbs `bf `ej

ilndatbvds `ppd`mdj ti tkd Bejb`es (beamujbeo eie-Fusmbfs) `ej uejdr kbs md`jdrskbp, tkd

Fivdfdet qubagmy o`bedj fifdetuf.

Cddmbeo tkrd`tdedj ly tkd Gk`gs`r Zdkrddgs pimbtba`m `flbtbies `ej beard`sbeo

pipum`rbty, tkd Oivdrefdet ic E_CX w`s tkd cbrst ic tkd Xrivbeab`m Oivdrefdets ti bfpisd

rdstrbatbies `o`best tkd Gk`gs`rs (ie Iatildr 04, 021

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Fivdfdet ly O. @kfdj, N`eu`ry 04, 0212, p. 03). Tpsdt ly tkbs rumbeo, F`skr`qb pritdstdj,

lut tkd l`e rdf`bedj bet`at. F`skr`qb jdabjdj ti obvd tkd Oivdrefdet sifd tbfd ti rdaiesbjdr

bts jdabsbie, lut tkdy stbmm rdcusdj ti rdfivd tkd l`e. @ctdr w`btbeo ` sboebcba`et `fiuet ic tbfd,

be Numy 021?, F`skr`qb cbe`mmy sdt ` jd`jmbed ic @uoust 04, 021? (@X@A, BIM FQQ DT\ C

030/03:, Eitd ie tkd Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet ly O. @kfdj, N`eu`ry 04, 0212, p. 037Eitd ie tkd

Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet 02:8, prdp`rdj ly M.S. Jd`ed, p. 01) cir tkd Oivdrefdet ti rdfivd tkd

rdstrbatbies ie kbf. Itkdrwbsd, kd wiumj jbsrdo`rj tkd l`e `ej aifd ti E_CX.

Ie @uoust 01, 021?, ` Gk`gs`r jdmdo`tbie fdt wbtk tkd Xrdfbdr `ej aievdydj

F`skr`qbs fdss`od. @ cdw j`ys m`tdr, ie @uoust

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`ej jifbe`tdj tkd cbdmj... (Fuk`ff`j 02?1, S). @aairjbeo ti tkd D`stdre Zbfds(M`kird) ic

Eivdfldr 0, 02:

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Zkd Lrbtbsk trumy a`fd ti rd`mbzd tkd strdeotk ic tkd Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet be 0212. Be tkbs

yd`r, tkd Gk`gs`rs ak`mmdeodjtkd Oivdrefdet ic Tebtdj Xrivbeads (T.X.) `utkirbty cir c`bmbeo

ti aietrim tkd ieoibeo Qkb`-Queeb rbits be Muageiw (Tebtdj Xrivbeads, Bejb`). F`skr`qb tkde

wdet ti Muageiw kbfsdmc `ej sdttmdj tkd bssud (tkiuok `etb-Gk`gs`r dmdfdets jdebdj tkbs). Zkbs

w`s `e dfl`rr`ssfdet cir tkd Oivdrefdet `ej tkdy pdradbvdj bt ti ld `e betdrvdetbie beti tkdbr

`cc`brs. Zkd Oivdrefdet `rrdstdj F`skr`qb ie Qdptdfldr 80, 0212 (Rius`c

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Gk`gs`r Zdkrddg ly `eeiueabeo tk`t tkdy wiumj ld derimmbeo

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wki w`s be Jdmkb `t tkd tbfd, w`s `rrdstdj `t ebokt `s wdmm `ej t`gde ti Sdmmird N`bm be F`jr`s.

Curtkdrfird, ie tkd vdry j`y ic tkd f`ss`ard, tkd Oivdreir ic Xuen`l sdet tdmdor`fs ti tkd

Qdardt`ry ic Qt`td ic Bejb` be Miejie, tkd Oivdreir Odedr`m/Sbadriy ic Bejb`, `ej tkd Oivdreirs

ic tkd Eirtk _dst Crietbdr Xrivbead, Qbej, `ej Tebtdj Xrivbeads becirfbeo tkdf ic tkd Gk`gs`r-

Ximbad am`sk be M`kird (@X@A, BIM FQQ DT\ C0

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Oivdrefdet w`s sk`gde ly tkd Gk`gs`r aiecriet`tbie `ej tkd Oivdrefdet `oordssbvdmy siuokt

ti dmbfbe`td tkd Gk`gs`r Zdkrddg.

Ie F`y

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wkbak wiumj rdsumt be kbs smiw jd`tk. _kde tkbs edws w`s rdvd`mdj, tkd Gk`gs`rs wdrd kbokmy

pdrturldj (@gkt`r

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Zkd Oivdrefdet trbdj ti gddp tkd edws ic F`skr`qbs c`st ` sdardt, lut bt w`set mieo

ldcird wirj rd`akdj tkd pulmba. Bfpirt`et Kbeju md`jdrs L. Q`fl`furtkb (dx-Qpd`gdr ic tkd

F`jr`s mdobsm`turd), Jr. X`tt`lkb Qbt`r`f`yy`, `ej O`jjd \`eob`k E`bju (Fdfldr Mdobsm`tbvd

@ssdflmy) - wki k`j `msi ldde uejdr jdtdetbie wbtk F`skr`qb - md`gdj tkd edws ic kbs c`st upie

tkdbr rdmd`sd be Eivdfldr, 02:0 (J`we WJdmkb, Bejb`V, Eivdfldr

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Bejddj bt sddfdj tk`t ei `fiuet ic Oivdrefdet prdssurd aiumj stip tkd Gk`gs`r

Fivdfdet. Zkd Oivdrefdet gedw tk`t tkdy aiumj eit gddp F`skr`qb be n`bm cirdvdr, `s kd k`j

edvdr dvde ldde trbdj be ` aiurt ic m`w. Zkd Oivdrefdet, jdspbtd tkdbr ldst dccirts, k`j ldde

ue`lmd ti lrbeo `ey ak`rods `o`best kbf. Zkus, F`skr`qb, tkriuok skddr wbmm `ej jdtdrfbe`tbie,

lriuokt tkd Oivdrefdet ti ` pibet wkdrd tkdy aiumj ei mieodr gddp kbf aiecbedj `ej wdrd

ciradj ti rdmd`sd kbf. Kiwdvdr, kbs fivdfdets rdf`bedj rdstrbatdj ti tkd F`jr`s Xrdsbjdeay.

F`skr`qb cbe`mmy dfdrodj crif simbt`ry aiecbedfdet ie N`eu`ry 02, 02:0 (`ctdr c`stbeo be

pritdst cir ;8 j`ys). _kbmd uejdr jdtdetbie, F`skr`qb k`j ldde tirturdj `ej f`ek`ejmdj.

Curtkdr, kbs pdesbie k`j ldde wbtkkdmj `ej kbs c`fbmy `ej cimmiwdrs k`j ldde l`rrdj crif

vbsbtbeo kbf. Kd k`j dvde ldde ciradj ti p`y cir kbs dxpdesds be n`bm (Rius`c

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Arbpps pripis`ms. Zkd @mm-Bejb` Fusmbf Md`oud `ej Bejb`e E`tbie`m Aieordss m`tdr jbj tkd

s`fd.

F`skr`qb, wki k`j `mw`ys `jvia`tdj Fusmbf-Kbeju uebty, w`s deaiur`odj ly tkd itkdr

p`rtbds rdcus`m ic Arbpps iccdr. Kd sdet ` tdmdor`f (ie @prbm 00, 02:

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aieadre rdo`rjbeo tkd pissblbmbty tk`t tkd @mm-Bejb` Fusmbf Md`oud fbokt t`gd ie ` fird

ldmmbodrdet pimbay tiw`rj tkd Oivdrefdet be tkd cuturd `s wdmm. Kd curtkdr st`tdj tk`t tkd Fusmbf

Md`oud fbokt cbej ` piwdrcum bestrufdet, suak `s tkd Gk`gs`rsrd`jy ti bts k`ej, be wkbak

a`sd tkd Oivdrefdet wbmm c`ad ` fist j`eodrius pisbtbie. Kd strdssdj tk`t tkbs w`s ` rd`m

j`eodr `ej skiumj ld fiebtirdj amisdmy (@X@A, BIM M/X&N/;/3;8, p. 02).

Xrbir ti tkd Sbadriys mdttdr (ic Numy 02:1), F`skr`qb k`j `mrd`jy ldde w`redj ti stip tkd

Gk`gs`r `atbvbtbds. Ie Numy 02, 02:1, kd rdadbvdj `eitkdr w`rebeo crif tkd Oivdrefdet ic Bejb`

ti stip tkd Gk`gs`r a`fps, jrbmms, `ej itkdr `atbvbtbds. Edvdrtkdmdss, tkd Gk`gs`rs aietbeudj tkdbr

`atbvbtbds, wbtk tkd dxadptbie ic pdrcirfbeo jrbmms `ej wd`rbeo uebcirfs (be irjdr ti abraufvdet

tkd l`e ie tkd Fivdfdet).

Ie Qdptdfldr 0

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jbccdrdeads. Tecirtue`tdmy, Fusmbf `ej Kbeju md`jdrs c`bmdj ti rd`mbzd tkd bfpirt`ead ic uebty -

cir wkbak F`skr`qb pmd`jdj wbtk cimjdj k`ejs be kbs mdttdrs ti Pu`bj-d-@z`f `ej F`k`tf`

O`ejkb;- be uejibeo tkd jdsboes ic tkd bfpdrb`mbsts. Tmtbf`tdmy, tkd md`jdrs wiumj edvdr rdsimvd

tkdbr jbccdrdeads, `s `etb-uebcba`tbie cirads `fieo tkd Lrbtbsk Oivdrefdet, Fusmbf Md`oud `ej

Aieordss `mw`ys nufpdj be ti ndip`rjbzd F`skr`qbs dccirts.

Be 02:4, F`skr`qb f`jd `eitkdr dccirt ti lrbeo uebty `ej crddjif ti tkd Bejb`es `ej

prdvdet tkd p`rtbtbie ic Bejb`> kd cr`fdj Zkd Aiestbtutbieic Crdd Bejb` 02:3 @.A. (`msi geiwe

`s tkd Gk`gs`r Aiestbtutbie). F`skr`qb cdmt tk`t jbvbjbeo Bejb` wiumj k`vd f`ey sdrbius

rdpdraussbies. Be irjdr ti `akbdvd uebty `ej s`tbsc`atbie cir `mm aiffuebtbds, tkd Gk`gs`r

Aiestbtutbieprivbjdj cir tkd pritdatbie ic rbokts cir `mm> Fusmbfs, Kbejus, X`rsdds, Akrbstb`es,

Ndws, sakdjumdj a`stds, dta. Kiwdvdr, tkdsd dccirts ie tkd p`rt ic F`skr`qb ti uebtd tkd Bejb`es

wdrd `o`be tkw`rtdj ly dmdfdets tk`t wbskdj ti prdvdet tkd k`rfiey `ej simbj`rbty ic tkd

Bejb`es. Zkus, tkd Bejb`e md`jdrs rdf`bedj jbvbjdj.

Zkd be`lbmbty ic tkd @BFM `ej Aieordss md`jdrskbp ti rdsimvd tkdbr jbccdrdeads `t tkbs

aruab`m nueaturd w`s beaifprdkdesblmd cir F`skr`qb `ej tkd Gk`gs`rs. Edvdrtkdmdss, tkdy

rdaioebzdj tk`t tkd prdssurd ie tkd Oivdrefdet k`j ti ld f`bet`bedj. Zkdy gedw tk`t ` strieo,

cbe`m pusk cir crddjif w`s eddjdj be irjdr ti mbldr`td tkd e`tbie crif Lrbtbsk rumd iead `ej cir

`mm. Qi, F`skr`qb tiig ` sdrbds ic stdps ti curtkdr betdesbcy prdssurd ie tkd Oivdrefdet `ej md`vd

tkdf wbtk ei akibad lut ti or`et crddjif ti tkd e`tbie.

Ie F`y

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Bc Fr. Nbee`k `ordds B sk`mm tkriw tkd wkimd cirad beti tkd f`ttdr

uestbetdjmy `ej dvdry Gk`gs`r wbmm ld rd`jy ti m`y jiwe kbs mbcd cir tkd a`usd ic tkd

aiuetry (Crdd Xrdss Niure`m, F`y

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smboktdst syfp`tky wbtk tkd Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet ti aifd cirw`rj, `ej stip tkbs

wkimds`md sm`uoktdr ly iccdrbeo kbs mbcd `ej cirad ic kbs ak`r`atdrDvdry Gk`gs`r

wbmm ld rd`jy ti jbd bc Kbejus `ej Fusmbfs ldobe ti cbokt `eywkdrd. @mm

edwsp`pdrs wbmm ld jdstriydj pulmbamy bc tkdy pulmbsk edws ic Kbeju-Fusmbf rbits.

Akbmjrde skiumj sbeo pidfs prifptbeo Kbeju Fusmbf uebty. Fusmbf `ej Kbeju

Gk`gs`rs skiumj f`rak sbjd ly sbjd wbtk tkdbr ldmak`s `ej skiumj priam`bf tk`t

tkdy k`vd wirgdj cir sbxtdde yd`rs tiodtkdr `ej st`ej `s fieufdets ic Kbeju-

Fusmbf uebty. Aieordss `ej Fusmbf Md`oud skiumj ld dqu`mmy jdeiueadj bc

jdeiueadj `t `mm. Fy aievbatbie bs tk`t iemy Gk`gs`rs a`e `vdrt suak ` jbs`stdr be

Bejb` (Kuss`be 0220,

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Odedr`m Q.J. Gk`e (ic tkd Bejb`e E`tbie`m @rfy) `ej Aim. Bks`e P`jbr be 02:3 - amd`rmy

bmmustr`td tk`t prdp`r`tbies wdrd wdmm uejdrw`y ly tkbs pibet. Be rdspiesd, tkd Oivdrefdet

`ttdfptdj ti t`gd jdspdr`td prdvdet`tbvd fd`surds ly `rrdstbeo Gk`gs`rs, lut tkd fifdetuf ic

tkd crddjif fivdfdet k`j eiw ldaifd c`r tii ord`t. _btk tkd tkrd`t ic ` rdvimt `t k`ej, tkd

Lrbtbsk cbe`mmy a`fd ti rd`mbzd tk`t tbfd k`j rue iut ie tkdbr j`ys ic rumd be Bejb`. Zkd st`od w`s

eiw sdt cir tkd tr`escdr ic piwdr ti tkd Bejb`es. Zkus, bt w`s eit jr`wbeo riif pimbtbas, lut

r`tkdr tkd aietbeudj rdsbst`ead ic tkd Gk`gs`rs `ej itkdrs `ej tkd tkrd`t ic ` lmiijy rdvimt tk`t

umtbf`tdmy aifpdmmdj tkd Lrbtbsk Oivdrefdet ti surrdejdr tkdbr rumd be Bejb`.

Ie Cdlru`ry

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;8,888 Gk`gs`rs stbmm f`e`odj ti o`tkdr be Jdmkb, `s w`s rdpirtdj be tkd Xrdss (J`we WJdmkb,

Bejb`V, Numy

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Ldeo`m wdrd p`rtbtbiedj `ej ` truea`tdj X`gbst`e w`s dst`lmbskdj. Zkus twi aiuetrbds, Bejb` `ej

X`gbst`e, dfdrodj be tkd fbjst ic ` lmiijy p`rtbtbie be @uoust, 02:?. Zkd Fusmbfs mist tkdbr

kdrbt`od `mieo wbtk tkd aiuetry tk`t w`s iead rumdj ly tkdbr `eadstirs. Zkbs jbstrdssdj `ej

jbs`ppibetdj e`tbie`mbst Fusmbfs. Zkdrd wdrd admdlr`tbies, lut `t tkd s`fd tbfd tkdrd wdrd `msi

pdipmd `fieo Fusmbfs `ej eie-Fusmbfs wki wdpt lbttdrmy upie tkd jbvbsbie ic Bejb`. Zkd sbxty

pdradet ic Fusmbfs wki jbj eit aifd ti X`gbst`e wdrd s`jjdedj ly tkd p`rtbtbiebeo ic tkdbr

kifdm`ej `ej tkdy orbdvdj tkd f`ssbvd gbmmbeos ic mivdj ieds p`rtbeo crif tkdbr c`fbmbds.

@mm`f` F`skr`qb p`ssdj `w`y ie @uoust

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Zkd Gk`gs`rs tiig tkdbr md`j crif F`skr`qb, wki rdf`bedj dtdre`mmy jdvitdj ti tkd

a`usd, jdspbtd k`vbeo ti dejurd succdrbeos tk`t wdrd uetkbeg`lmd cir fist itkdr md`jdrs ic kbs

tbfd. Crif 0218 ti tkd ard`tbie ic X`gbst`e, F`skr`qb w`s `rrdstdj `liut ` k`mc jizde tbfds, be

`jjbtbie ti k`vbeo rdstrbatbies pm`adj ie kbs fivdfdets. Kd w`s trd`tdj uenustmy `ej bekuf`emy.

Kbs ldmivdj sie, Dks`eumm`k Gk`e @sm`f, w`s furjdrdj `ej kbs itkdr sies wdrd `rrdstdj. Kd

w`s ak`sdj ly betdmmbodead `odeabds `ej w`redj ic sdvdrd rdpdraussbies, kbs c`fbmy fdfldrs

wdrd betbfbj`tdj, `ej kbs pdesbie `ej l`eg `aaiuets wdrd crizde. Dvde kbs cimmiwdrs wdrd

ld`tde (be pulmba ir be n`bm), `rrdstdj, ir gbmmdj. Zkriuok bt `mm, F`skr`qb edvdr surrdejdrdj ti tkd

wr`tk ic tkd `utkirbtbds ir itkdr `etb-Gk`gs`r dmdfdets.

Zkd Oivdrefdet ic Lrbtbsk Bejb`, wbtk `mm tkdbr fbokt `ej rdsiurads, aiumj eit arusk tkd

fivdfdet. Zkd Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet strdeotkdedj tkd pulmbas rdsimvd ti rbsd `o`best tkd bfpdrb`m

piwdr. Zkdbr `atbvbtbds gdpt tkd f`ssds ciausdj ie bejdpdejdead `ej sdet ` jbrdat umtbf`tuf ti

tkd Lrbtbsk ti md`vd Bejb`. Curtkdrfird, tkdbr dccirts edvdr wdet ueeitbadj ly `utkirbtbds `mm tkd

w`y up ti tkd Qdardt`ry ic Qt`td cir Bejb` be Miejie, wki ilvbiusmy rdpirtdj f`ttdrs ti tkd

Xrbfd Fbebstdr ic Ord`t Lrbt`be. Kbstirba`m jiaufdets `rd wbtedss ti tkd c`at tk`t tkd Gk`gs`r

rdsbst`ead `o`best tkd Lrbtbsk w`s ied ic tkd

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Gk`gs`r Zdkrddg. _ky9 Zkdy k`vd boeirdj F`skr`qb lda`usd kd ciuokt cir ` uebtdj Bejb` `ej

aiesbjdrdj p`rtbtbie ie tkd l`sbs ic ` twi-e`tbie tkdiry ti ld `e bfpr`atba`m bjd`. F`skr`qb

ldmbdvdj tk`t bt w`s eit rbokt ti usd Bsm`f ir aiffue`mbsf ti jbvbjd Bejb`, `e bssud ivdr wkbak

kd k`j pimbtba`m jbccdrdeads wbtk Pu`bj-d-@z`f. Qi, F`skr`qbs rimd bs boeirdj be irjdr ti `vibj

`ey arbtbabsf `o`best Pu`bj-d-@z`f ir tkd @mm-Bejb` Fusmbf Md`oud. Curtkdrfird, pri-Md`oudrs

ji eit wbsk ti `ageiwmdjod tk`t tkd Fusmbf Md`ouds dfdrodead `s tkd pipum`r p`rty w`s

mbegdj ti tkd l`eebeo ic tkd Gk`gs`r Zdkrddg (` c`at tk`t bs `orddj upie ly uelb`sdj kbstirb`es).

Zkbs bs curtkdr dvbjdeadj ly Quebm Ak`ejdrs `rtbamd (pulmbskdj be ` sakim`rmy niure`m) be wkbak

kd writd tk`t tkd Gk`gs`rs aietrblutdj bejbrdatmy ti tkd dfdrodead ic tkd Fusmbf Md`oud `s `

pipum`r p`rty (Ak`ejdr 02;?, 183). Bejb`e kbstirb`es `vibj jbsaussbie ie kbf lda`usd, ti tkdf,

F`skr`qbs Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet w`s fd`et ti lrbeo Fusmbf rumd be Bejb`, jdspbtd tkd c`at tk`t

F`skr`qb strbvdj cir Kbeju Fusmbf-uebty `ej mivd `ej sdrvbad ti `mm. Zkd `cirdfdetbiedj

rd`sies kdmp ti dxpm`be wky tkd dxtdesbvd Gk`gs`r f`tdrb`ms (crif 0218-0231) k`vd eit ldde

f`jd `v`bm`lmd be mblr`rbds `ej rdsd`rak ie F`skr`qb k`s ldde jbsaiur`odj.0 @guw`t (ir lritkdrkiij). Zkd 04

pibets jdardd tk`t kd bssudj be 021? curtkdr spd`gs ic kbs bjdimioy>

_d, Gk`gs`rs, st`ej cir tkd dst`lmbskfdet ic `e irjdr tk`t wbmm ld dqu`m, eie-aiffue`m

`ej timdr`et, ydt eie-sulsdrvbdet, ly tkd aruskbeo ic `mm aiffue`m sdetbfdet `ej rdmbobius

prdnujbads ic f`egbej ly iur oiij `ej sdrvbadcum aiejuat7 `e irjdr wkbak wbmm `ccirj pripdr

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trd`tfdet `ej pritdatbie ti `mm aiffuebtbds `ej wbmm ld ciuejdj ie dtdre`m nustbad, oiijedss `ej

oiijwbmm.

Zkd Gk`gs`r st`ejs cir (`) rdo`rj cir tkd rdmbobius `ej siab`m sdetbfdets ic `mm

aiffuebtbds, Kbeju, Fusmbf, Qbgk, X`rsb, Akrbstb`e, Ndw, `ej Tetiuak`lmd dta., (l)

f`betde`ead ic tkdbr p`rtbaum`r aumturd `ej austifs `ej (a) odedr`m timdr`ead7 `ej ldmbdvds tkbs

pimbay ti ld tkd sdardt ic Fusmbf rumd be Bejb` cir ` tkius`ej yd`rs.

Kipdcummy, tkbs `rtbamd wiumj ld demboktdebeo ti pdipmd, p`rtbaum`rmy tkisd crif tkd Bejb`e

sul-aietbedet, be uejdrst`ejbeo fird `liut tkdbr kbstiry. Zkdrd `rd f`ey c`ats tk`t stbmm eddj ti

ld dxpmirdj be tkd kbstiry ic tkd sul-aietbedet. @ j`y wbmm aifd wkde pdipmd wbmm cbe`mmy

jbsaivdr tkd trutk.

Eitds

0. Zkd iccdrs ic @fl`ss`jirskbp `ej Geboktkiij wdrd dxtdejdj ly Qbr @mcrdj K`fbmtie Or`et,

Akbdc Aiffbssbiedr ic tkd Eirtk _dst Crietbdr Xrivbead. Zkd Akbdc Aiffbssbiedr w`s

dqubv`mdet ti tkd Oivdreir `t tk`t tbfd.

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?. @e betdmmbodead rdpirt bssudj be F`rak 10, 02:1, rdcdrrbeo ti tkd s`fd spddak, fdetbiedj tk`t

tkd Gk`gs`r Zdkrbg w`s `atu`tdj ti w`gd up tkd smddpbeo Fusmbf e`tbie `ej ti sdrvd kuf`ebty

(@X@A, BIM M/X&N/;/3;8, prdp`rdj ly Xuen`l A.B.J., 02:0, p. 11-13).

;. Qdd F`skr`qbs mdttdr ti Pu`bj-d-@z`f j`tdj @uoust 80, 02:: (Rius`c

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Miejie.

Ak`ejdr, Quebm. 02;?. Aieordss-\`n aiecmbat `ej tkd rbsd ic tkd Fusmbf Md`oud be tkd fbebstry

pdrbij, 021?-12.Fijdre @sb`e Qtujbds Zkd Jbsiwedj Odebus. M`kird, X`gbst`e> N`eo Xulmbskdrs.

F`skr`qb, @mm`f` (Gk`e, Be`y`tumm`k). 02??.Fuq`m``t @ur Jiisrb Zdkrddr be Simufd 1.

M`kird, X`gbst`e> Bj`r`k-b-Z`mbf`t-b-F`skrbqb.

Fuk`ff`j, Qk`e. 02?1. Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet be Bejb`. Jdmkb, Bejb`> Fdde`gskb Xr`g`sk`e.

Eitd ie tkd Gk`gs`r Fivdfdet. 02:8. Jdadfldr :. Akba`oi> Tebvdrsbty ic Akba`oi. Fbaricbmf.

Rius`c, E`sbf. Zwi Mdodejs ic X`gbst`e.

Edw Rirg> E`sbf Rius`c.

. @F^

Xulmba`tbies.