FreeBSD

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Outline

FreeBSD version

• 8.2-RELEASE

Installing FreeBSD

• From CD-ROM

FreeBSD Version

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FreeBSD Branches/Tags

Three parallel development branches:

• -RELEASE

Latest Release Version:

– 8.2 (Feb, 2011)

– http://www.freebsd.org/releases/

Upcoming 9.0

• -STABLE

Tested new features and bug fixes

MFC: Merge From Current

• -CURRENT

Working space for FreeBSD developers

Current version:

– 9.0-CURRENT

– http://www.freebsd.org/releng/

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FreeBSD Version

FreeBSD–A.B.C–Type

• A: major version Number

• B: minor version Number

• C: slight patch version number

• Type: version type

PRERELEASE

BETA

RC

RELEASE

STABLE

CURRENT

Choosing the FreeBSD Version That Is Right For You:

• http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/articles/version-guide/

FreeBSD Installation

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FreeBSD view of Disk (1)

D-Disk

NTFS

Linux Swap

MBR

Slice 1 (ad0s1)

Slice 2 (ad0s2)

Slice 3 (ad0s3)

Slice 4

(ad0s4)

Windows XP (NTFS)

bsdlabel

ad0s3a

ad0s3b

ad0s3c

ad0s3d

ad0s3e

/ (root)

swap

/home

Extended Partiton

Linux (EXT3FS)

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FreeBSD View of Disk (2)

What is the meaning of ad0s1a

• Disk name

ad: IDE, SATA

da: SCSI, usb stick

• Slice is equal to the partition of common use

Primary partition: s1 ~ s4

Extended partition: s5 ~ sn

• Label in each slice

a: root partition /

b: swap

c: entire slice

defgh: /usr, /home, …

MBR

Slice 1 (/dev/ad0s1)

Slice 2 (/dev/ad0s2)

Slice 3 (/dev/ad0s3)

Slice 4 (/dev/ad0s4)

Slice 5

(/dev/ad0s5)

Slice 6

(/dev/ad0s6)

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Installing FreeBSD

Steps

1. Knowing your hardware

2. Obtaining installation file

3. Booting from CD/DVD/usb-stick

4. FreeBSD installer: sysinstall

1. Partition

2. Label

3. Distribution

4. Media

5. Commit

5. Post-installation configurations

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Installing FreeBSD –

1. Knowing Your Hardware

CPU

• 32bit or 64bit

• Intel、AMD

• Architecture: amd64, i386 (, ia64, pc98, powerpc, sparc64)

RAM

• Size

HD

• Size, amount, SCSI or IDE

VGA

• Brand, ram size

Sound

• Brand

Network Interface Card

• Brand

• IP、Netmask、Default gateway、Hostname、DNS

Other Special device • pciconf -lv

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Installing FreeBSD –

2. Obtaining Installation File

FreeBSD installation CD

• ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/ISO-IMAGES-amd64/8.2/FreeBSD-8.2-

RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso

• ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/ISO-IMAGES-amd64/8.2/FreeBSD-8.2-

RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso

• ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/ISO-IMAGES-amd64/8.2/FreeBSD-8.2-

RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso.xz

• ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/ISO-IMAGES-amd64/8.2/FreeBSD-8.2-

RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img

• Burn CD, DVD, or USB!

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Installing FreeBSD –

3. Booting from CD (1)

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Installing FreeBSD –

3. Booting from CD (2)

Enter

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Installing FreeBSD –

3. Booting from CD (3)

Just use default or…

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Installing FreeBSD –

3. Booting from CD (4)

這丟係愛台灣啦!!!

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Installing FreeBSD –

3. Booting from CD (5)

Use USA ISO keymap because we don’t have our keyboard layout…

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Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer

Being experts!

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Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Custom

5 major steps

3. Partition your disk

4. Label your disk

5. Choose what to install

6. Choose how to install

7. Do it!

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If you have more than one disk…

• You can choose one to partition it.

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Partition (1)

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Create slice

• Press “C” to create a new slice / Press “A” to use entire disk

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Partition (2)

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Press “S” to toggle “freebsd” as bootable

Press “Q” to next step (Select Boot Manager)

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Partition (3)

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• Choose boot manager

Standard Write to disk MBR

BootMgr Install a simple boot manager to disk MBR

None Leave it unchanged

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Partition (4)

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BSDlabel Editor

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Label (1)

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Create label in ad0s1 and specify size

• Press “C” to create bsdlabel

swap , / ( and /home, /var, …): size、type、mount point

• Press “S” to toggle SoftUpdates (async written to disk)

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Label (2)

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• Press “Q” to next step (back to custom installation options menu)

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Label (3)

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Custom

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Distributions (1)

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Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Distributions (2)

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Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Distributions (3)

Select

• base ; binary

• kernels ; Generic kernel supports SMP

• man ; Manual

• src ; FreeBSD Source Code

• ports ; FreeBSD Software Collection

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• Choose “1 CD/DVD” if you have 8.2 Release CD disk 1 or DVD

• Choose “3 FTP Passive” if your NIC is detected

• Choose “9 USB” if you have 8.2 memstick usb stick

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Media

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Install through FTP Passive

• Specify ftp server

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Media (2)

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• Select NIC

• IPv6 and DHCP

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Media (3)

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• Specify your IP information

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Media (4)

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Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Commit (1)

Just do it!

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Last Chance!

• We can take no responsibility for lost disk contents!

• Don’t forget backup!

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Commit (2)

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Start to format disk and install operating system

You can press “Alt + F2” to see the install detail

There is a shell start in “Alt + F4”

Installing FreeBSD –

4. FreeBSD Installer: Commit (3)

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Installing FreeBSD –

5. Post Installation

Recommend you to do it!

• Root Password

• User and group management

• Time Zone Asia Taiwan

• Networking interfaces, sshd

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Installing FreeBSD –

5. Post Installation: Root Password

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Installing FreeBSD –

5. Post Installation: User Management (1)

Create a group for users

Create a user for yourself

• Least privilege

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Installing FreeBSD –

5. Post Installation: User Management (2)

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Installing FreeBSD –

5. Post Installation: User Management (3)

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Installing FreeBSD –

5. Post Installation: Time Zone

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Installing FreeBSD –

5. Post Installation: Networking (1)

Interfaces

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Installing FreeBSD –

5. Post Installation: Networking (2)

sshd

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Installing FreeBSD –

5. Post Installation: Done!

Be sure to remove booting media.

• You would not want restart whole process again…

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FreeBSD Handbook

Chapter 2 Installing FreeBSD

• http://www.tw.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/install.html

Chinese resources

• http://www.tw.freebsd.org/doc/zh_TW/books/handbook/install.html

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Login

SSH (Secure Shell)

• PuTTY:

http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html

• Chinese Environment:

http://www.cs.nctu.edu.tw/help/putty.html

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Play with Your FreeBSD

Useful commands

• passwd, chsh, chfn, chpass

• ls

• ps, top

• mkdir/rmdir

• cp/mv/rm

• write

• man

• login/exit/logout/screen

• Editor: ee, vim, joe, …etc.

• Connecting: ssh/telnet

• Email reader: mutt, …etc.

• News reader: tin

• File Transmittion: ftp, ncftp, lftp, scp, wget, curl, …etc.

• Compilers: gcc, g++, javac, …etc.

• Scripting: perl, php, ruby, python …etc.

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Help Yourself – man (1)

man pages (manual)

• Contain descriptions of

Individual command.

– % man cp

File format.

– % man rc.local

Library routines.

– % man strcpy

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Command

• % man [section] title

% man printf (printf command)

% man 3 printf (C Standard printf func.)

% man –k exit (keyword search)

Man pages organization

AT&T BSD Contents

1 1 User-Level commands and applications

2 2 System calls and kernel error code

3 3 Library calls

4 5 Standard file format

5 7 Miscellaneous files and documents

6 6 Games and demonstrations

7 4 Device Drivers and network protocols

1m 8 System administration commands

9 9 Obscure kernel specs and interfaces

%man man

Help Yourself – man (2)

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Conventions

Syntax of commands:

• Anything between “[” & “]” – are optional.

• Anything followed by “…” – can be repeated.

• {a | b} – you should choose one of them.

• Example:

bork [-x] { on | off } filename …

bork on /etc/hosts ○

bork –x off /etc/hosts /etc/passwd ○

bork –x /etc/hosts Ｘ

bork -h /etc/hosts Ｘ