Fraud in the Marketplace - Seattle University School of Law - 01 - Spring/03-15... · •SEC ISSUES...

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Fraud in the Marketplace SEC issues in EB-5 Applications Shahzad . Q. Qadri AILA NW Annual Conference 2018 What is a Security? The Supreme Court defined a security as “a contract, transaction or scheme whereby a person invests his money in a common enterprise and is led to expect profits solely from the efforts of the promoter or a third party.” One easy rule of thumb to consider is whether you are getting anything tangible from your purchase: if you purchase an interest in a company (ex. stock) for a share of future profits (ex. dividends) you have purchased a security. 2018 NW Regional Immigration Law Conference Business Track, Session 8 EB-5 Issues - PPT 2 March 15-16, 2018 Page 1 of 7

Transcript of Fraud in the Marketplace - Seattle University School of Law - 01 - Spring/03-15... · •SEC ISSUES...

Page 1: Fraud in the Marketplace - Seattle University School of Law - 01 - Spring/03-15... · •SEC ISSUES IN EB5 PROJECTS/OFFERINGS Vs. SEC ISSUES IN EB5 (I‐526) APPLICATIONS 2018 NW

Fraud in the Marketplace SEC issues in EB-5 Applications

Shahzad . Q. Qadri

AILA NW Annual Conference 2018

What is a Security?

• The Supreme Court defined a security as “a contract, transaction or scheme whereby a person invests his money in a common enterprise and is led to expect profits solely from the efforts of the promoter or a third party.” 

• One easy rule of thumb to consider is whether you are getting anything tangible from your purchase: if you purchase an interest in a company (ex. stock) for a share of future profits (ex. dividends) you have purchased a security. 

2018 NW Regional Immigration Law ConferenceBusiness Track, Session 8

EB-5 Issues - PPT 2

March 15-16, 2018 Page 1 of 7

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Why Does it Matter if What You Have Purchased is a Security or Not?

• Two Primary Reasons:

(1.) First, whether or not something is a security will define whether you are subject to federal securities laws that govern securities (and related state securities commission laws) or not;

(2.)  Second, if something is a security, then the registration requirements of the securities laws will kick in.

•SEC ISSUES IN EB5 PROJECTS/OFFERINGS 

Vs.

SEC ISSUES IN EB5 (I‐526) APPLICATIONS

2018 NW Regional Immigration Law ConferenceBusiness Track, Session 8

EB-5 Issues - PPT 2

March 15-16, 2018 Page 2 of 7

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SEC ISSUE – PROJECT???

• SEC & USCIS issued the first Investor Alert in 10/1/2013 jointly to warn Investors about possible scams;

• Agencies clarified that the “Regional Center” designation does not mean that the SEC & USCIS, or any other government agency has approved the investments being offered.

What is the most common SEC issue facing Projects?

. Mis‐appropriation of funds – this does not necessarily mean that the funds are being “pocketed” but the Project Principals but also applies where the investors money is used for purposes other than what was disclosed.

Inadequate disclosures within the PPM.

2018 NW Regional Immigration Law ConferenceBusiness Track, Session 8

EB-5 Issues - PPT 2

March 15-16, 2018 Page 3 of 7

Page 4: Fraud in the Marketplace - Seattle University School of Law - 01 - Spring/03-15... · •SEC ISSUES IN EB5 PROJECTS/OFFERINGS Vs. SEC ISSUES IN EB5 (I‐526) APPLICATIONS 2018 NW

What are the most common indicators of “fraud” by a Project?

Like any investment, the Investor should conduct its own “due diligence” independent of information provided by the Project Principals.  Utilize and engage third party professionals such as accountants, business analysts and attorneys .

While there is no bright line test or definitive indicators of fraud there are some warning signs (if you spot anyone of these delve deeper):

(Remember:  No question is a “DUMB” question!!!)

Warning Signs of Fraud

• Guarantee of a visa or becoming a lawful permanent resident;

• Guaranteed investment returns or no investment risk;

• High investment returns;

• Inadequate and/or skeletal disclosures;

• Inaccessibility to principals;

• Lack of documentation;

2018 NW Regional Immigration Law ConferenceBusiness Track, Session 8

EB-5 Issues - PPT 2

March 15-16, 2018 Page 4 of 7

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Investment Due Diligence

• Investors should take the following steps to mitigate risks of fraud:

1. Confirm RC Designation

2. Obtain copies of I‐924, I‐924A + supporting documents filed with the USCIS;

3. Request all documentation in writing relating to the project;

4. Ask if promoters are being paid  (Be skeptical of information from promoters that is inconsistent with the investment offering memorandum or private placement memorandum from the issuer.)

5. Seek Independent verification;

6. Examine the structure of the Offering;

7. Determine if the Developer has any “skin” in the game

* Note: These are just suggested minimum steps and not an exhaustive list – the level of duediligence is going to be industry specific.

Does the “Fraud” end with the Project????

• NO!!! Recent trends show an increase in the fraud being committed by the Investors at the I‐526 stage.

2018 NW Regional Immigration Law ConferenceBusiness Track, Session 8

EB-5 Issues - PPT 2

March 15-16, 2018 Page 5 of 7

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SEC Issues –I‐526

• Inaccurate/fraudulent disclosures in documents specifically the PPM; Business Plan & Economic Plan;

• Fake Source of Funds Documents;

• OFAC Issues;• I‐526 petitions being used as tool for money laundering

Other Issues with I‐526

• Failure to invest their own funds;

• Investment returned promptly upon filing of I‐526, with continued adjudication representing to the agencies money continues to be at risk;

• Collateralizing the investment‐ eliminating all risk after filing the I‐526;

2018 NW Regional Immigration Law ConferenceBusiness Track, Session 8

EB-5 Issues - PPT 2

March 15-16, 2018 Page 6 of 7

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AND OFCOURSE LETS NOT FORGET….

BITCOINS

Thank you!

2018 NW Regional Immigration Law ConferenceBusiness Track, Session 8

EB-5 Issues - PPT 2

March 15-16, 2018 Page 7 of 7