Franz Mehring Karl Marx the Story of His Life 1918

8/17/2019 Franz Mehring Karl Marx the Story of His Life 1918

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Routledge Library ditions

RL

M RX

E O N O M I S


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KARL MARX

the sor of hi life


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KARLMARX

'he Story His Li

by Franz Mrng

Talated by Edward Fitzgel

New Inroducton by Mx Shahtman

A Ao Ppck

o t Sud of Commum d xm

The Unvrsy of Mchgan Pres


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First edition as an Ann Arbor Paperback 192

New Introuction copyrght © by The University of Michigan 12

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Reprinted y special peiion

ubished in the United States of America by

The Univesity of Michigan Press and siutaneousy

in Toronto, anda by Ambaador Bks Limite

Manufactured in the United States of Aeca

Hadbound edition pubished by the

Huaniti Pre New York City


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TO CLARA ZEKIN


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INTRODUCION

INTEREST in economics and oitics, inded, in the trend andproblms of socia devloment in gnera, cannot be enlightned

without an understanding-regardless of th concusions drawnfrom it-of the ideas of Karl Marx. Ignorance of Marxism, oreven indierence to it is as inexcsable in the eds of sialscience and olitics as ignorance of Newton and Darwin woudbe (to use a loose bt adequate comarison) in the elds ofhysics and biology The beif that Marxim has been outivedor �hat it is irreevant to events and robes of or day or thatit has failed in this or that or in al resects, is nowhre so wdeyhJd as in the United States It would be more aroriate to

hod hat this belef itsef, and in al its fos has been outivedand is irreevant to the need to know Marx's deas.

Marx is unique among al the social thinkers of his time f"his time is extravagantly broadened to include the centriesthat have marked the assage from the feda word to themern his distinction is only enhanced To the name of Marxas to that of no one else in his eld, are attached endringintrest assion controversy, and great olitical movements inalmost every art of the word This alone invites thoghtfulconsideration But there is more

he governents of some onethid of the word rlaimMarxism as their ocia doctrine and gude The relationsbetween these governments and the rest of te word form therincial axis of word oitics today; and the kind of relationsthat are estabished largely determine the direction in whichthe axis revolves To seek such reations without understandingthe doctine nominaly avowed by the forces these govenments

reresent is at best arochialism he egitimacy of the comunist governments' caim to Marxis is debatable he caiof Marxism t be studied is not

In the counies of the West outside the comunist wordthe oitical life and destiny of the ost imortant contiesthe nited States aears to be the outstanding excetion-aredecisivly inuenced by sociaist movements which enjoy thealegiance of miions Unike the comunist movement, thesocialist ovement today is not Marxist in name Desite its

sbstantialy Marxist origins, contemorary Euroean sociaismhas either disavowed Marxism or has signicantly revised manyof its ideas Te imortance of this disavowa and rvision cannot be disregarded t do not folow that Marxism can bedisregarded

What Maxm means has been interreted to the satisfac


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Vl INTRODUCTON

tion of literay hundreds of writers o the sbject, by spportersas well as oppoets, by those who have stdied it, and by thosewho regard a stdy of it as an ecessary impedimet. Whatvr Marxism may mea to othrs, Marx himself took pais to

set forth what he cosidered his ow cetral thoght H madit clear in 1852 i a famos letter to a party frid, GeorgWeydemeyer, a former Prssia artillery ocer who was lateractive i the America Civil War as a Northr rgimentalcoloel:

" as for myself, o credit is de me for discoverig theexistce of casses i moder society nor yt th strggle betwenthem Log before m bourgeois historians had describd thehistorical deveomet of this class strggl ad bourgeois economists the ecoomic aatomy of th classes What I did that wasew was to prove () that the existence classes is oly boud pwith particular, hisoric phass in th development j production; (2) thatth class strug ecssarily lads to the dictatorship oj the pro- letariat; (3) that this dictatorship itslf oly costittes the trasitio to' th abolition all classes ad to a classless socie."

T old trm "dictatorship of th proltariat has log agobe discardd by all socialists, understadably ad wisely It

had acquired aorrnt cootatios with the ris of th Staliistrgim, wich was othi but a dictatorship over th roltariatand agaist it Ambiguity ad miscocptio hav bee redcd to a miimum by si the trms "labor or "socialistgovermt I ay cas, by that harsh Latinic phras, Marxhad i mid, as ut it i his cassical statmt of th ommu'st Mansto, "the rst ste i the workrs revoltio [which]is to mak t rotariat th ruli class, to establish dmocracy.

he vau of owig Marxism is diclt to rect The

alidity o arxism s not so diclt to rct It is ideed farmore widely rcted tha accptd Ad wre, as in thCommuist world, it is oord i the word it is outraged i thedeed It is hardly cessary to go mch frther tha to comparthe realit of th so-called commnist societis of today withwhat was xicitly st forth as th viw of the ary commistsof Marxs tim Oly a fw wks before Marx wrot hisManesto i 847, t rst Elish oural pblishd i Londoby the Grma commuist socity which sposord the Manesto

dclared"We are ot amog thos commnists who are ot to destroy

pesoal irty, who wish to tur the world into oe hugebarrack or ito a gigatic worhous Thre certaily are somcommists who, with an asy coscic, rfs to coutnacpersoal liberty ad would lie to sh it ot of th world


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N ROD U ON X

ecause they consider that it is a hindrance to compete harmony.But we have no desire to exchange freedom for equaity .

The present Communist regimes may draw their inspirationfrom "some communists of a century ago, ut not from Marx.They are no more a conrmation of Marxism than they are itsreaizationexcept perhaps in the sense in which Marx wrotethat where the strugge of the casses does not end in a "revoutionary change in the whoe structure of society, it ends "inthe common ruin of the contending casses.

It is said that whatever may e the merit of expaining the"faiure of Marxism in ackward countries ike tsarist Russiaor China its faiure in the capitaisticay deveoped Westerncountries cannot e expained awayThis is undoutedy true.

The incontestae fact that the cass strugge has notin anycase, has not yeted to the rue of the working cass tha wasto e tansitiona to a cassess society (the perspective tha Marxhimsef hed to e his unique contriution) is a chaenge to aMarxsts, most of whom have een too occupied with committing unders in Marx's name to eave time for reecting on thisdicut and compex proem.

To meet this chaenge however other facts aso deserveconsideration, and y critics of Marxism as we. Outstanding is

the fact that even those continuing sociais parties of Europethat have ajued or extensivey modied Marxism, and evenociay renounced the cass strugge, do not seem ae to maea fundamenta change in their own cass character. Their appeasto midde-cass eements, entirey proper within imits,have noteiminated the essentia fact that they remain the organizedworing cass in poiticsTheir program and aims may e formuated ever so moderatey and modesty ut so ong as they

continue to srive for poitica power in the hands of an organizedworking-cass force, they remain a conrmation of the asichistorica and socia movemen t that Marx foresaw.

In this respect even the United States may prove eforetoo ong that its exceptiona position is ess reaity tan form andappearance. Marxism as a theoretica system, has never foundgreat popuaity in this countryCass strugge even the existenceof casses, is amost universay denied It is repeatedy repudiated not ony y spokesmen of government, ut y eaders of

aor and capitaCass harmony identity, or at east mutuaityof intereststhat is the American way of fe. Yet the mostconservative aor eader does not propose to aandon thestricty workingcass character of the unions; the most ieracapitaist has a correspondingy rigid attitude with regard to theunions of capita and commerce. Neither side has yet vigorousy


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x N ROD U ON

propod th rgr of th two typ of ca organzaton ntoon a a vng ttona to th dntty of ntrt thy pouo cronouly Morovr, th ca organzaton of both dhav bn ncrangy and antagontcally actv n potc n

rcnt yar. Each k to ncra t powr and nunc ngovrnnt, ach k to rduc not ony th poltca nuncbut th poltcal actvty of th othr Thoughtfu, or at atntnctv, captalt judgnt or or grap th objctvpcaton of abor' organzd ca ntrvnton nto poltcaf, vn f t tl not a advancd, opn-facd, and artva t n othr countr Th not th conraton of Marx,to b ur Nthr t th rfutatonBut t, too, a chalngng dvlopnt, crtany not to upportr of Marx alon

Onc agan, a knowdg of what Marx thought and wrot anddd a vauab ad to undrtandng.

Fran Mhrng onc rcald that th phloophr Fchtcodd th Gran rdr for h rfua to rad a book bcau h rt wantd to rad a book about th book Acan drv th a or a trongr codng, bcau w rtwant to rad an authortatv rvw of a book about th bookhat bng th ca, and rfor of habt bng a ong way o,

Mhrng' bography of Marx to b rcondda taway ha bn by rou choar and tudnta th btntroducton to th work, to th f, and tugg of th otnnt gur n word oca.

MAX SHACHTMAN


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T S LT O' S P F A

T author o ths boraphy was bo n 86 n Pomeraa oa welltodo mddecass amly. He studed at the unverstes

o Bern and Lep takn the deree o octor o Phlosophyat the latter From the ben leans were democratcand beral, and when the tme came or m to submt hmselto the stupdt o the Prussan dll sereant he le Prussaand wet to lve n Lep whch n those days wa " orenertory Ths delberate revolt caused the breakn o orelatons between hm and h s amy Whlst stll a youn manhe bean to take an actve par n publc e and n the potcalstrules o the day At the ae o he was a member o the

small band o democrats led by udo Wess and Johann Jacobywhch had sucent ourae to rotest openly aanst theannexaton o AsaceLorrane by Bsmarck aer the FrancoPussan ar.

Mehrns che actvtes were journasc and terary, andor may yea he was a contrbutor to promnent lberl anddemocratc ewspapers, and later on an edtor All hs le hehad a keen sense oustce, and the eeln that nustce wa bendone a alays sucent to r hm on the scee. Hedeended Platen aanst Hene, Lassalle and Bakunn aansMa and nes, Schweter aanst Bebel, ad Bernsten aanstLebknecht, ad toether wth Rosa Luxembur he ouht abllat polemc aast Kautsky ad Raanov. That he wasnot alay on the sde o the anel the reader o ths book wlldscover or hmsel but wherever he was to be ound was notbecause he had rst condered he cosequences to hmsel butbecause hs on sense o justce had ompelled hm wth

peratve locAt aout the ae o 3 he becae a socast o the Lassalleanschool appearn n the arena wth a pamphlet aanst thehstorn Tretschke t s to ths perod o socasm stronlyned th atoalsm that hs attacks on Socal emocracyd o arx belon Lke many another wellmean andlbraled man rom the ranks o the possess classes, heapproached the orknclass movement equpped wth demoratc ad lberal prncples and a desre to asst the workers,

a he suered the alure and dsppontment whch such anaproch evtably bn wt t However, unlke mayors, d not then wthdraw t urse hs wounded dntynd bemo the roletr lack o rattde, but, spurred onb hs l lur, he cam to rs wth the problem ader as rs


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Xl RN A R P R F AC

t was 89 tht the al breah wth hs ow lass tookplae He was the the hef edtor of the eorat BerlinerVolkszeitung ad ts ols he resoltel oppoed Bsarckspol ad defeded the soal deorats, who were stll be

perseuted der the AtSoalst Law. Hs ataks oBsark were extreel eetve d the latter aswered wth threat of sppresso less the shareholders dsssed theuofortable rt re to those tradtos of pslatwhh aused both Marx ad els to despar of the eraboreose the shareholders swallowed ther deorat prples to defed ther eoo terests, ad Fra Mehr wassared At the ae of 44 he ow took the al ad loalstep ad joed the Soal eorat Part.

he perod of h reatest terar atvt the opeed phe Neue Zeit, at that te der the edtorshp of Kar Kautsk,pblshed a brllat artles fo hs pe, ld thefaos seres whh appeared book for n 893 as TheLessing Legend, the lass Prssa hstor of the Fredera ae,ad aus Fredrh els to wrte to Kautsk fro Lododelar that the artles ae h look forward wth pateeto ever ew ber of the pbato hrohot the earswhh followed up to the te of hs death Mehrs pe prodederabe artles o phlosoph hstoral, ltar, lterarad polta subets ad wo h a foreos poso the teratoal soalst ovee he hef see of hs atvteswas the wrdesk but for al that he was o arhar stratestbut a hter all the te wth the sharpest weaps at hs dsposal,ad he sed the wth all hs eer aas a powerf ee

Fro the los ears of the last etr owards whe therevsost eorts of Berste ad hs frs derned revo

ltoar Marxs the soaldeorat oraato adprovded the ars of ts leaers for respetablt wth atheoretal oak, Mehr was the fro raks of those whofoht srosl aast a pol wh led loall to theollaps of the ran worklss oveet 94.hrohot he war eas he reaed re o the prples ofsoast eraoal ad despte hs advaed ears e speta ohs prso oeer wt lara et ad RosaLxebr the ol real e the soaleorat ove

et as he as fond of all the he rased aloft the baerof proletara teratoals the hero Spartaks Leae.He lved to see th s postwar lass strues ad the efeat ofthe revotoar workers, a he de aar 99 shortlbefore hs sevetthrd brhda hs death dobtedl behastee b he terrble ts whh reahed h a da or


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R AN L A R P R A

two before that hs two rends Rosa Luxembr and KarlLebknecht had been slahtered b whte mercenares Wthhs death erman lteratre lost a bllant author and trenchantcrtc and the erman workn class lost a eat hstoran and

socalst theoretcan and the reatet lterary man the socalstmovement has et produced.Artstc or other talent ma not n tself be a sutable

subect for hstorcal research but hstorcal condtons render tt matter for such nvestaton and apart from hs hstorcalwrtns Mehrns reatest servce to the worknclass movement was hs ractcal appcaton of the Marxst hstorcalmateralst method to cultural and lteray problems n thsrespect he was a poneer or both Marx and nels ver rarel

ventured nto ths eld ther tme ben almost wholl taken upwth the more drect economc phlosophcal and poltcal phasesof the revoltonar movement How lo and how oen wllsocalsts contnue to reret that Marx nall never dd carout hs ntenton of wrtn a monoraph on Baac and hsComd Ha? The sncance of Fran Mehrn on ths elds nowhere better descrbed than n a letter of conratulatonwrtten to hm on hs seventeth brthda b Rosa Luxembur

" . For decades now ou have occuped a specal post nor movement and no one else cold have lled t. Yo are therepresentatve of real cltre n all ts brllace f the ermanproletarat s the hstorc her of classc erman phlosoph asMarx and nels declared then ou are the executor of thattestament Yo have saved everthn o value whch stlremaned of the once splendd clture of the boreose andbrouht t to us nto the camp of the socall dsnhertedThanks to or books and artcles the erman proletarat has

been brouht nto close toch not onl wth classc ermanphlosoph but also wth classc erman lterature not onlwth Kant and Heel but wth Lessn Schller and oethe.very lne from our brllant pen has taht or workes thatsocalsm s not a breadandbtter problem bt a cltural movement a reat ad proud worlddeolo When the sprt ofsocalsm once aan enters the ranks of the erman proletaratthe latters rst act wll be to reach for our books to eo thefrts of or les work . Toda when ntellectals oboreos orn are betran us n droves to retrn to the eshpots f the rn classes wecan ah contemptosl ad letthem o : e have on the best and last t boreose stllpossessed of sprt talent ad characterra Mehrn

h borph of Karl Mrx whch s no rsented to thelshspean reder as the culmnaton of Mehrns work


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R AN A R P R F C

It as st ublshed n emany n 9 8, ae lon and tatndelays own to the mltay censoh, whch wshed to eventt ublcaton altoethe o emt t only n a mutlated omste the toublous tmes ts success was mmedate, and hal

a doen edtons and many thousands o coes wee sold In 9, on the eth annvesay o the death o Mx, a n ewedton was ublshed, and t s a tanslaton o ths edton whchs now beoe the eade Fan Mehn dedcated the tdton to : " Claa Zetknheess to the Maxst St andths st nlsh edton theeoe esects hs wshes, althouhsnce then she too has jond he old ends Fan Mehn andRosa Luxembu n the anks o those who wll be " enshnedo ee n the eat heat o the wokn class

te ens death a new ea n Maxst eseach wasoened u wth ts cente n the Maxnels Insttute n Moscow,and many acts unknown to hm wee bouht to lht Theeth annvesay edton was theeoe bouht u to date bymeans o an aendx eaed unde the decton o duadFuchs, an old end o Mehn and hs ltey executo. Thsaendx whch the eade ll nd at the end o ths volume,deals wth all onts o motnce boht to lht concenn

Ma and Maxsm, and n atcula concenn the LassaleBakunn olemcs, snce Mehns deathTh ootnotes to the esent edton wee added by me n

ode to assst the nlshsekn eade to a bette undestandn o eeences whch mht othewse have been oscue,but I have ket them as ew as ossble The bbloahy atthe end o ths volume makes no clam to comleteness, but ts hoed tht t wll ove o sevce to those who would lke tostudy Maxsm moe thoouhly Some o Mas woks ae

stl untanslated, but these ae becomn ewe and ewe, andbeoe lon nothn o any motance wll be beyond the eacho the nlshseakn eade

The honou o ntoducn Mehn to the nlshseaknublc has llen to me, and I hoe that I ma be ound to havedone t not unwothly. Howeve, I el that a wod o aoloys necessy o my enden o the vous tems o oetyquoted, but hee I can clam to be n comany wth Max andnels, o the Muses omted to lac the o vese n my

cadle too. In concluson I wsh to exess my thanks tosbeth Khnen, duad Fuchs, D ans bau andFank Buden o endly assstance n vaous ways

DWARD ITRALDMDM

4h, 9


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U T O S I T O D UT I O

HS book has a ttle hstory o t own. When a proposa waade to pubsh the correspondence whch had passed between

a and els Marx's dauhter Madame Laura Laaruemade t a condton o her areement that shoud take part nthe edtora work a her representave. n a etter rom Draveldated the oth o ovember 90 she authorzed me to makewhat notes explanaon or deletons mht consder necessary.

As a matter o act made no practcal use o ths authorzaton because no mortant derences o opnon arose betweenthe edtors or rather the edtor BernstenBebe dd no more thanve hs name to the workand myse and had no occason

no rht and naturaly no ncnaton to nterere wth hs worn the terests o Madame Laarue wthout coent and urentreasons

However durn the on work dd n connecton wth thepublcaton o the correspondence the knowede whch hadaned o Karl Marx durn many years o study was roundedo and nvoluntary elt the wsh to ve t a boraphcarame partcularly as knew that Madame Laarue woud bedelhted at the dea. won her rendship and her condencenot because she thouht me the most learned or the most saacousamonst the olowers o her ather but because she elt that had obtaned the deepest nsht nto hs character and wouldbe abe to portray t most clearly Both n conversaton and nher etters she oen assured me that many halorotten memoreso her home le had become resh and vvd aan rom thedescrptons my hstory o the erman Socal Democracy andn partcuar n the posthumous edton whch ssued and that

many names oen heard rom her parets developed rom ashadowy exstence to a tanbe realty thanks to my wrtns.Uortunately ths nobe woman ded on beore the corre-

spondence betwee her ather and nes coud b pblshed. Aew hours beor se vountarly took eave o le she sent me alast warm messae o rendshp. She nherted the rea qualteso her ather ad thank her beyond the rave or havnentrusted me wth the publcaton o many treasures rom hslterary remans wthout havn made even the slhtest attempt

to uence my crtc udment n any way. For stance, sheave me the letters o assae to her ather althou she knerom my hstry o th erman Socl Democracy ho eneretc-ally and how oen had deded assalle aast hm

hen I nally bean to carry out my tenton o wrt a a Nacassausgabe. S Blap


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XV A U H 0 s O D UC O

boraphy of Marx, two of the stawart defenders of Zon n theMarxst rans faled to show even a trace of the eerosty of thsreathearted woman. They souned the horn of moral dnaton wth al ther mht because had made oe or two observa

tons n D N Z concern the relato of Marx toassalle ad to Ban wthout rst havn made the tradtonalowtow to the ocal party leend.

Frst of all, Karl Kautsy accused me of " antMaxsm n eneral ad of " a brach of codece towards Madameafarue n partcular, and when neverthele nssted oncarryn out my ntenton of wrt a boraphy of Marx heven sacrced sxty odd paes of D N Z, whose space wasnotorously precous, to an attac o me by Ranov, nwhch the latter dd hs best to prove me ulty of the basestbetrayal of Marx, and accompaned hs eorts wth a ood ofaccusaton whose ac of conscence was equalled only by therac of sese. have permtted these peope to have the lastword out of a feel whch for polteness sae wll not call y sreal name, but owe t to myself to pont out to my readers that have ot en way oe harsbreadth to ther telectualterrorsm ad that n the follow paes have dealt wth the

relatons of Marx to assalle ad to Bau strctly accordancewth the exences of hstorcal truth whlst competely orthe ocal party leed. aturally, n do so have aanavoded ay sort of polemc.

My admraton and my crtcsmad both these thns musthave an eqal place n any ood boraphyhave been centredon a reat man who never sad anyth about hmself moreoen or wth reater pleasure tha " oth huma s forento me . The tas whch set myself when undertoo ths

wor was to present hm n al hs powerful ad rued reatness.My ed determned the meas whch too to attan t Allhstorcal wrtn s at the same tme both art ad scece andths apples n partcular to boraphcal wrt canotremember at the momet what droll fellow rst ave vet to theextraordary dea that aesthtc cosderatos have o place nthe halls o hstorcal scece ad must franly confess perhapsto my ow shame, that do ot loahe boureos soety qute othorouhl as loathe those ster thers ho, order to have

a smac a the worthy Voltare, declare tat a bor ad tresome style s the oly permsble oe th coecto arhmsef s more tha supect wth me. th the old rees he

1 D Nu Z ( Nw Ag), Sua 883 o 1923 Ur Kauskys ohp un 7 Oal oral oran o Ga oal DoraPa-TR


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U T H 0 s T O UC T O XV

loved so wel he counte Clo one of the nne Muses The tuth hat only those scon the Muses who ave been scone bthe

If I may assume the agreement of the ae wh the fo

I have chosen fo y wok I us nevteess ask hm fo omefoeaance wt ts content Fom the begnnng I was facewth one nexoable necessty, tat of peventng the bookowing too age an at the ame tme keepng t wthn theeach an comehenson of at least the moe advanced wokesIn any case, as alay gown to half as long agan as thelegth I orgnaly panne How on have I been compeleo content myself wth a wo when I wou athe ave wttena lne, wth a lne when I wu athe have wtten a page, wth

a age wen I wou athe hav wtten a chat! Myanalyss of the scentc wtngs of Marx has sue n patcuafom ts outwad compulsn, an n oe to foestal anydoub about th matte I have efane fom gvng my bookthe seo at of the tatonal subttle of any ogahy of ageat wte Te Stoy of Hs Lfe an Woks"

Thee s no doubt that the ncopaable statue of Max ue no a lttle to the fact th n hm the an of deas wasnsolubly boun up wt the man of acton, an that the twoutualy complemented and supote each othe But thee also no oubt that the ghte n m always took peceenceove the thnke The gat ponees of socalsm ee a nageemen n ths espect; as Lassalle once put t, how lalywoul he eave unwtten al he knew f only the tme fo actonwou come An n ou own ays we ave obseve wthorro how right they wee Lfong followes of Max, enwho had booe fo thee an even fou ecaes ove vey

comma n hs wtngs, fale utty at an hstoca mmentwhen fo onc they mght an shoul ave acte lke Max andwhen nstea they swung ths way a that ke quven weatheanes n a busteng wn

Nevetheles, I ave no wsh o pten tat I fee yselaled befoe al othes t mak wn the ounaes of thattemenous el f knowlg wch wa ax' oman Fontance n oe to gve the a a cea an aqute ptueof the secon an olumes f Max's C p I appeae to

y fen osa Luxembug fo assstance an he wl tank heas I o fo eay ageen to asst me Ct XI I No 3 The Secon an Th Volums was wtn b he

I am happy to be able to emboy a teasue fom he pen nm book, an I am no ess hppy that ou on n ClaaZetkn has gven me emson to launch y ttle shp and


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XV A U H 0 R s N RD U N

se t out o to the h seas ue he ag. The feshp othese two wome has bee a caculabe cosolato to me at atme we bosteos stoms ave swept away so may malya steaat oees of socalsm" lke y leaves the autum

s

BERLIN-STEGITZ,March 98

FRANZ MRNG.


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PAG

CHAPTER ONE: EARLY YEARS

I. HOM ND SCHOOL2 JNNY VON WSTPHALN 5

CHAPTER TW A PUPIL OF HEGEL

I TH FST YAR N BLN 92 TH YOUNG HGLIANS 13 TH pmLOSOPHY OF SLF-CONSCIOUSNSS 2 4 TH DOCTORAL DSSRTTION 25 TH"ANKDOTA AND TH"HINSCH ITUNG 3 2 6 TH RNSH DT 377. FV MONTHS OF STUGGL 4 38 LUDWIG FURBACH 529 MARRIAG ND BANSHMN 55

CHAPTER THREE EXILE IN PARIS

TH "DUTSCHFRANSSCH JAHBCHR 82 A PHLOSOHC SPCTV 643 "ON TH JWSH QUSTON 684 FNCH CVLATON 735 TH "OWTS AND TH XPULSON OF MRX 8

CHAPTER FOUR FRIEDRICH ENGELS

OFFIC AND BARCKS2 NGLISH CVILATION3 "TH HOLY FMILY4 A FUNDAMNTAL SOCALIST WORK

CHAPTER FVE EXILE IN BUSSELS

I TH "GRMAN DOLOGY2 "TU SOCALSM

3 WTLNG AN POUDHON4 HSTOCAL MATRALSM TH "DUTSCH BSSL TUNG6 TH COMMUNST LAGU7 POPAGANDA IN BRUSLS8 "TH COMUNIST MANIFSTO

889 3

9 10 4

109112

61211281351391


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C O N T E NT S

PAECHAPTER SIX REVOLUTION AD OUNTER

REVOLUTION

I FEBRUARY ND MARCH DYS

2 . JNE DAYS3 THE WR AINST RUSSIA4. SEPTEMBER DYS5 THE CLNE DEMRACY6 FREILIRATH ND LASSALLE7. CTBER ND NVEMBER DAYS8. AN ACT F PEFIDY9 AND ANTHER CRDLY TRICK

CHATER SEVEN ELE IN LONDONI THE NEUE RHEINSCHE REVUE

2 THE KINKEL AFFAIR3 THE SPLIT IN THE CMMUNIST LEAE4. LIFE IN EILE5 THE EIHTEENTH BRUMAIRE

6 THE CMMUNIST TRIAL IN CLNE

CHAPTER EGHT: MARX AND ENGELS

I ENIUS ND SCIETY2 AN INMPARBLE ALLIANCE

CATER NNE: THE CRMEAN WAR ANDTHE CRSS

191 95

2002082 1 3� 1 8

I EURPEAN PLITICS 2382. DVD URQUHART, J HARNEY ND ERNEST JNES 2433 FMILY AND FRIENDS 246·4 TE CRISIS F 1857 252

5 THE RITIQUE F PLITICAL ECNMY 257

CHAPTE TEN DYNASTIC CHANGES

I THE TALIAN WAR2 TE DISPUTE ITH LASSALLE3 NE STRULES IN EILE4. INERLUDES5 ER VT

6 DMESTC AND PERSNAL7 LSSALE'S AITATIN

CATE ELEVEN TE EARLY YEARS OFTE INTERNATIONAL

TE FUNDIN F TE INTERNATIN2.

TE INAURAL DDRESS


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C O NT E N T S I

AGE3 THE RACH WTH SCHWETZER 3 4 THE FRST COFERECE ODO 334 TE TRORSSA WAR 3 4 1

6 THE GEEA COGRESS 3 4 8CHATR TLV: "DAS KAPITAL

RTH AGS 3 5 7 THE FRT OME 363 THE SECOD AD THRD OME 374 THE RECETO OF "CATA 38

CHAPTR TIRTN: TH INTRNATIONALAT ITS ZNITH

EGAD FRACE AD EGM 387 SWTZERAD AD GERMAY 3 43. AK AGTATO 44 TH AACE OF SOCAT DMOCRAC 4 THE ASE COGRESS 4 6 COFSO GEEA 4 7 THE "CODETA COMMCATO 478 THE RH AMSTY AD THE FRECH ESCTE 4 3

CHAPTR FOURTN: TH DCLIN OF THINTRNATIONAL. SEDA

AFTER SEDA3 "THE C WAR FRACE4 THE TERATOA AD THE ARS COMME THE AST OOSTO6 THE SECOD COFERECE ODO7 TE DSTEGRATO OF THE TERATOA

8 T HAGE COGRESS AEDCTORY TWGS

CAPTR FIFTN: TH LAST DCAD MAR AT HOME

TH GRMA SOCA DEMOCRACY3 AARCSM AD TH WAR THE EAR EAST4 TH DAW O A EW DAY TWGT

6 TH AT YEAROTE A TO SORCS

AED

OGRAH

DE

43441447446474 7 7

4 8 44

171486

833

3

7

6


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LIST OF ILLUSTTIONS

IN THE TEXT

RNIAS OF ITZEN JOSEPH MOLL page 137

Letter from the ndon Cental Committee of the, League of theJt prented as credentia by Joeph Mo to Ka Max nBruse.

ER FROM THE OMMUNST LEAGUE DEMANDNG DE-IVERY OF THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO page 41

Letter from the London Centra Comittee of the Communiteage to th ditrict committee in Brue demnding deiveryf the cmpeted MS. of he Communt Manesto, and theatening

"furthe meaure againt Citizen Max in the event of nncmpiance.

REEP OF THE EAGUE FO MO�EY ECEVED page 53

Receipt fom the London Cena Coittee of the CounitLeague (in Enge' handwiting) fo money eceived fo KarMax.

EER RO THE COLOGE COMIEE TO KARL MAX page 205

Informing hi of the reaon o the o-acceptance of Laae

ER DRATED BY KARL MAXetter draed in the Vogt ar in 859

MANUSRP PGE FOM HNG'S KARL MARX

Fit MS Chap. XV NO. 4

page 46


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CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

1818 5th May1835

1835183641

Karl Marx bo in ier (rves).Collg Fnals n rier (rve)Sudent of Jurisprudence at Bonn Univerit.

Engagement to Jenny on estphlenStudent o Jursprdence, Hstoy and Phosophy

a erlin Univeriy Beginning o hi Hegelan studes Joins ung Hegeian circe BrunoBauer Rutenberg Ed. Meyen and ppen Ft terry attempt (Poem etc)

eath of Mrx's FaterGraduaon a Jena Unversty.Contibutor to and ater edtor of the Rhnc

Zng in Coogne. Collaboration with rndRugeMrriage to Jenny von estphaenSty in ParIsu cFac Jabc togeter wth

Ruge Conibutor to the Par ow (H.rnstein and Bernays) Studies French socalsm and comun sociaton wit HenrichHeine Proudon and ote First meetn wthFriedic nge Economic and phosophica udi.

Expulsion fro Par y Guiot at the instance of e Prussian goveen

Stay in Brse. Coaboraon wit Engels THo Fa and the n dolo (Polemc wth the Heelans Fuerbach Srner an the" rueSocaists " ) Contributions to the llcaf pgl the Wplc apboo an thec l Zng

Meetn and scssion w eitn Polemicwith Prouhon T Po Ploop Joins the Communist Leaue Lectures on ProtectionFree rade age-Labour and aptal. VstLondon for conference of the Comunst Leaue.Istructed with Engels to drat communst manfto

Publcation of T on Mano Expulson from russels. Reorganzaon of the Com

munst League (Enels Schapper o tephaorn and others).In Colone as the edtor of the Neue Rhch

Zng Meein with Lassalle n rlVst Venna Lectues t he Ven okesssocaton

Ma acquitte y jr oone chaed t


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xxiv

606216

63

64

66

�

169

CH O N O O G I C A A B E

pres oence and nctemen o ared nsurre tion Eplsio from Cologne and pprso of the Nee Rheinisch Zeitng. sits Par as repre- sentative o Geman democracy before Parisaioa ssembly. Epusio fro Pari

Ele LondoEnge goe o Londo and hen o Mancheser

sse of he Nee Rheinisch Reve. Leres oWorkers ducatona League n Londo Death of yonges on.

Death of youngest dagher. Becomes correspond- en o The New rok Tibe (up to 11) Con- trbuion to Charts papers Dssolio of heCommunst League. Dsputes wh German

eigrants The Communist Tra n Cooge.The ghteeth Bmae Lois BonteDeth of Mr' son EdgarWork on The Nw Aecan Cyclopdi. Corre

spondence with LassalePblicato of the Citqe Political Econom Co

tributions to Ds Volk, London.oemi with Ka ogtContriuton to De Pesse ennaisit o Grmny Meig with Lassale n Beri

Lssl� e fonds the lgemeine Detcer rbier veren.

Death o Lssa. oudig of te nternaiona\orkens ssociation t meting n .Ma tin's

H, Lodo Mr ras p heIagal ddess. et of \il Wo

Breach with he veen afe short period of collaboration whchwizer's Sozialdokat. Vale Pice and

Pt lectres Conference f he ner nation in Londonirst congres of he ernatona in Geneva De

Vobote as the orn of he nternationairst vol of apital pblished econd congres

of the ntioa n asnne.hi oress o the nernaional in Brssels.

Bi fos the ntationl ince ofociis crcy

rowi tk ov in te and Cenral

EropeConres o h r ocil eocrti orers

t i isench Forth conrss of the nter- nationa n Base The Condeni Com micaion cocernin anin.

dre of the Genr Coci of the nternation


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1871877187887983

18811882

CH R O N O L O G I C A L A B L E

o he racoPrussa War. s domcled ermae Lodo.

The Pars Commue. Address o he GeeralCoucl o he Ieraoa T Cvl Wn Fnc Secod coerec o he Ier

aoal Lodo. Cooerao wh Volstt LezThe au coress o h Ieraoal. xul

so o Bak. Geeral Couc o he Ier aoal moed o e York. Seech o arx Amserdam.

Pamhle aas Baku l'Allnc d l dmct sclst t lAsctn ntntnl ds tvllsSrous es o arx.

Amalamao o he Germa worker are Goha arxs Ctq t Gth Pmm

Deah o Baku.Colaborao wh els Ant-hnProclamao o he ASocas La Gaarx serousl ll.Deah o Frau Jey ar.Jorey o Alers ad Frace. Dea o ar

dauher Jey.1 14h rch eh o arl arx.

85 ecod voume o Cptl ubshed.184 Thrd ome o Cptl ublshed.1895 Deah o Fredrch els


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27/604

KRL MRX

so of


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C HA P T E R O N E : E R L Y Y R S

I. Home and Schol

KA HNM was born on the 5th May 188 in Tre(Trves) . Owng to the confusion and destruction causedamongst the ocia regsters i the Rhineand during thetroubed times which prevaied at the end of the eighteenthand the begnning of the nineteenth centuries itte is knownwth certainty about his antecedents For instance, even the yearin which Heinrich Heine was bo is sti the subject o dispute

With regard to Kar Marx, however, the situation s notqute s bad as this, for he was born in more peaceabe tmes,but whn a sister of his father died about fty years ago eavingan invalid w, not al the legal investigations begun to ascertain the awu heirs were abe to discovr the birth and death

dates of her parents, that is to say, of the grandparents of KarMarx His grandfather was Marx evi but ater on the eviwas dropped. This man was a Rabbi in Trier and is beevedto have died in 1 798 In any case, he was no onger aive n180, but hs wfe Eva Marx, ne Moses, was, and she is believedto have died in 825.

This pair had numerous chidren and two of them, Samueand Hirsche devoted themseves to schoary professionsSamue, who was born in 1 78 1 and died n 1 829, became the

successor of hs father as Rabbi in Trer Hirschel, te fatheof Kar Marx, was born in 1 782 He studied ursprudencand became an advocate in Trer. Late he became a ]ustiZTa,ad in 1824 he adoptd Christiaity, takng the name HeinrchMa He died in 1 838.

Heinrch Max maried a Dutch Jewess named HeriettaPressburg, whose geneogca tree showed, according to thestatement of her granddaughter Eeanor Marx, a century-ongine of Rabbis. Henretta Pressbug died in 1 863 HeinrchMax and his wfe Henritta e a arge famy, but at the tmeof the testamentary investigations which provded us wth thegeneaogica noes ony four of the hdren were sti alve :Kar Marx, Sophie the wdow of an advocate named Schmalhausen in Mastcht, Emiie the ife of an enneer named

1 Appr ox imate ly the German equ ivae nt of ta ing s ilk.-Tr


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2 K R L M R X

onray n Trer, and Le te wfe of mercan meJta n ape Town.

Tank to h parent whoe marrae wa an etremeyhappy one, and to ter ope, the eet cd, Kar ar

enoye a ceerf and care-free yot Hpend natrag" awakene n h father the ope tat they wod oneay be e n te ervce of manty, wt moter ecaredhm to be cd of fortne n woe an everytn woo we However, Kar ar wa neter te on of moterke Goete nor te on of fater ke Len n cerWt a er aectonate care for er hband nd er cdren,ar' moter wa competey borbe n er dometc arA her fe e poke broken German n took no prt n tneecua true of er on, beyond perap wonernwt a moter' reret wat mt ave become of m adhe taken te rht pat n ater ear Kar ar ppearto ave been on ntmate term wt materna reatve nHoan an n partcar wt h unce" Pp. Herepeatey refer n term of reat frenp to t ne odboy" wo proved epf to m ater on n te mtertrobe of fe.

Atho Kr ar' fter e a ew day aer h ontwentet brthay, e too eem to ave oberve wt ecretpreenon te emon" n favorte on. wa notte petty an ety anety of a prent for on' creerwc trobe hm, ut rater te vue feen tt tere waometn a har a rante n on' character, ometnentrey foren to h own yen nature. a Jew, neander an awyer, e o ave been trce arme antte we of te at ban Jnker, ut n fact Henrc r

wa a Pran patrot, to not n the mrm ene teterm a to-ay, but a Pruan patro of te Waec andZeer type, aturate wt oreo cture nd avn nonet beef n te Od rtzan" enhtenment, an idolog" of the type hate by Napoeon wt oo reaonAtouh te conueror a ven the e Jew eayof cv rt, n te hnean tef the od NapoUon, eaouy are treaure ceaeey attacked by te OPran reacton ar' fater ated Napoeon

H beef n e enu" of te Pran monarcy w noeven aken by te fact tat te Pran overnment wodave compee hm to cane reon n orer to ve boureo poton t a often been a, even by oterwewenforme peron, tat th wa e cae apparenty n

1 O ld Fr tz a a t oate ae or Fred t Grea o a


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R L Y Y order o jstfy or at east to excse an acton wc reqreneter jstcaton nor excse Even consdered from a preyreos standpont a man wo acknoweded " a pre been God wt Locke Lebnz and Lessn no oner ad anypace n te snaoe and beoned rater n te fod of tePrssan tate Chrc n wc a tat tme a toeant ationasmprevaed a socae reon o reaon wc ad e ts marken on te Prssan Censorsp Edct of 89

t tat tme te renncaton of Jdasm was not merey anact of reos emancpaton bt aso and even more so, anact of soca emancpaton Te Jews commnty as sc adtaken no part watever n te reat nteecta abors o te

German tnkers and poets Te modest t o Moses Mendessohn ad any attempted to de s " naton nto tenteecta fe of Germany, and jst at te tme wen HercMax decded to adopt Crstanty a crce o yon Jews nBrn revved Mendessohn's eorts ony to meet wt tesame fare, atoh sc men as Edard Gans and HenrcHene were n ter ranks Gans wo was te emman ote ventre was te rst to strke s a and o over to Crs-tanty Henrc Hene red a robst cre after m

" Gst och Hld gws, st ma hut scho Scu Lbt t w not on before Hene himse wa compeed to oowts exampe and take ot " an entrance card nto te commntyof Eropean ctre Bot Gans and Hene contrbte terstorc sare to te nteecta abors of te centy n Ger-many wt te names of ter companons wo remanedoya to te ctra deveopment of Jdasm have on s ncebeen orotten

Ts for many a decade te adopton of Chrstanty was anact of cvzed proress for te reer sprts of Jdasm, and tecane of reon made by Henrc Max for ime and hisamy n 824 mst be nderstood n ts sense and no oter.It s possbe tat externa crcmstances determned te momentat whc e cane wa made, bt te were certany not tecase Te breakn p of estate and farms by Jewis srerstook pace on a rown scae drn te actral ciss nte 'twentes, and as a rest t prodced a voent wae o ant-

Semtsm n te Rhneand. In ts staton t was not tedty of a man of rreproacabe onesty e Marx's fater tobear an sare of ts ared, and avn reard to s cdrene wod ave ad no rt to do so Peraps te eath o hismoter wc occrred at abot th tme, reed hi roonsderatons of a pety, eeins whc wod ave bn n

1 "A e bu y day, a vl ay I


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L M X

arony with his whole harater, or perhaps the fa hat theeldes son ae of shoo age the year the father hanged hisreligion ay ave payed a part in the na deision

But wether this was the ase or not, there an be n douhat einrih Marx had atined that umanisti utur whifreed hi entirely fro all Jewish prejudies, and he handed onhs fedo o is son Karl as a vauabe heritage There isnothing n the nuerous eters einrih Marx wroe o isstudent son ih betrays a trae of any speially Jewishraits, either good or bad. is letters are written in an oldfasioned fatherly seniental and irustantial way and inhe syle prevailing in eighteenthentury orrespondene when

a rue Ger gushed in love and blustered in anger. Withoutany rae of petty-bourgeois narow-indedness he letters dealwiingly with he ineletual interests of the son whist showinga deisive and thoroughly justiale objetion to the lattersanerings after fae as a oon poetaster But with allhis delight in the thoughts of is sons future, he old man, with his hair blaned and his spirit a itte subdued annot uiterid iself of the idea tat perhaps his sons heart is not as greatas his bran and that perhaps it wil not nd roo enough for

hose undane bu ilde feelings whih are o very onsolingin hi huan vale of tears.

n this sense his doubts were proaby justied The reallove wih he bor for is son in the depths of his heart didno ae him blind, bu rather propheti But as no an aneer foresee the nal onseuenes of is ations, so einrih Marxid not thin and ould not havethought that the rih store ofbourgeois ulture whi he handed on to his son Kar as a valuable heritage for life woud oy hep to deiver the Deon hefeared, not nowing whether it as heaveny or Faustian Whilst stil in the house of his parents Kar Max surmountedwit the greatest ease tings wh ost eine and Lassae thers great strugges of heir lives and left them ith oundsfro whih neither of them ever fuy reovered

t is not so easy to see what shoo ife ontributed to thedevelopment of the growing ld. Kar Marx never spoke ofany of his shool opanions an none of them has eft any

information about him He soon ompeted the uriuum ofhis olege in Trier, and his eaving ertiate is dated the2 5th Ast 835 t aopanes the hopefu youth in teusual ashion with an expression of good wishes for his furtherprogress and stereotyped obsevations onerning attainentsin the arious subjets. However, it sresses in partiular thefat that Karl Marx was often abe to render and interpret the


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R L R S s dcl ssges n te clsscs, nd n rtclr scssges were e dclty ly less n te eclres telngge tn n te sbc ter nd e reln dess n tees t declres, shw rcness gt nd dee cqntnce w ter sbjec bt re en verwegtedwt stble ter.

n e ct nls relgn resened se dcltes ndstry ls bt n s Gern cstn te exnsters nd n nteresng de n de n ct whc wesll nd c reter nterest. e sbject set ws eReecns Y bere csng Pressn nd teverdc n rxs et ws t recended tsel by

rcness des nd gd systetc cnstrctn bt tterwse ts r ell n s sl errr exggertedsercngs er nsl nd ctresqe exressns And tene llwng ssge s qted lterlly We cnnt lwyske te ressn r wc we eel rselves sted rrelns n scey ve begn t crystllze re r ess berewe re n sn t deterne te. s e rs s n de sws tsel lke ser lgnng n te nd teld n de wse develent nd clen ws t be te

rl servce te n.

Jenny von Westphalen

n e tn 5 Kr rx enered e nversy nn nd rened sdent tere r yer tg s be ered s stdes jrsrdence were neter very

wde r deeN drec nrn s vlble cncernng hs erd

bt jdge r te letters s er t wld er th cern nt wld ts ws swn n t A st we nds er clnng nly lls l Krl wt relnnd wtt reslt (nd s re rx trg s le s r s ccns were cncerned te clssc heretcn ney cld never qte ke s wn lly) bt lter nwe nd s er n very bter d nd clnng wld rlcs .

Cng n t the erry yer e hd js sent n nn hd ll te ernce tyc stden escd wen te tre ge egteen Krl rx bece engged t lyte hs cldd clse rend s lder sserhe w heled st he t t nn e


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L M

two young hats. n alty owv, it as t rst andmost oyous itoy of ts bon mast of mn, a vitoy whiappadabsouty inomphnsib to s fath until dsovd that th g too had somting of gnius" about and was apab of making sais whh woud av·bn impossib fo an odinay g.

ndd nny von Wstphan as a gil not ony of unusuabauty, bt of unusua spiit and haat Sh was fou yasod than Kal a but sti on in th ay wnts Hyouthfu bauty was in its st goious boom and sh wasgaty admrd and muh outd, and as th daught of ahighly-pad oia sh mght av mad a biant math.

Jnny on Wstpha said al h biant pospts foa dangous and untan futu , as as fat put it,and oasonaly bvd tat h ou obsv in h aso thanous psntmnts whh dstubd hm, but by that timh was so tain of th angi i", t nhantss , thath swo to hs son that not vn a pin sould rob him of r

Th futu tund out to b mo dangus and mountan than Hnih a had fad vn in s wostfobodigs, but nny von stpan, whos youtful potait

adats dk ga and ham, d to t man of hho wth th stadfast ouag of a hoin n dan oftib sungs and aton t was not in th humdumsns of t wod phaps that sh ightnd th avy budnof hs f fo was on of th favou hidn of fotunand not aways apab of dang wth t mino misfotunsof as a woman o th pop mo inud to adsip mhtav don but n th hig sns in whi sh undstood hsfs wok sh bam hs woty patn.

n a tts wh a ti tant th is a bath ofa woannss Hs as a natu su as Got hasdsbd ingng uay tu i vy mood whth it wastd n t dgtfu att of happy days o n t tagiangush o a ob obb of a hd by povty and pivationand unab to gv it vn a modst gav H bauty wasaways t pd of h husban and aft th fats ad bnnkd togt fo twnty yas w nd hm wtng in 863

fom wh h a gon to attn th funa of hismoth yday mad a pgimag to th o Wstphanhous n t mstass) and it intsts m mo tan at oman mans baus it mnds m of th happy dayso my youh and baus t on shtd my tasu vyday I am askd and ht abou th uondam most bautfug n T h Qun o t ba t is damnd arab


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R L Y Y R for a an to n that hs f vs on n th ory of a hoton as an nhan prnss ." An th yng Marx fr h as of l sntntaty spok n a sorrofu an pyovng ton of th ost autfu pro of hs f o

in Jnny vn Wsphan.Th young pop a ngag thout rst askng thprson of th grs parnts a rustan hh austh onsnous fathr of Kar Marx no tt sgvng ut as no ong for hr onsn as otan Dspt hsna an t Prvy Counor Lug von Wstphanong nthr to th East Ean Junkrs nor o th orussan urauray Hs fathr as Php Wstphan onof th os arka gurs n tary hstory H as

v srary to Du Frnan of Brunsk ho at hha of a sanous ary n Engsh pay sussfuy fnWstrn rany urng th vn Yars War aganst thnasv provts of Lous XV an hs Popaou. PhpWsphan a th ra Chf-ofta of h Duk n thfa of a h Engsh an Gran gnras th th ary.Hs srvs r rognz n suh asur that th Kng ofEngan propos o ak h Autant-Gnra of th aryan honour hh Php Wstphan fus. H as ovrop to ta hs npnnt sprt to th xnt of aptng" a t an hs rasons for so ong r sar to thoshh aus Hrr an hr to sut o th sa gnty n orr to ary th aughtr of a otsh aronafay ho ha o to th ap of Duk Frnan to vsta ssr arr to th Gnra onng th Engsh auxay troos

n of h sons of ths par as Lug von Wsphn

Fro hs fathr h ha nhrt an hsor na an on hsothrs s hs ansors ra grt hstora ors on of hr forfathrs n th rt n of snt ha gon toth sak urng th srugg for th foraton n oanan anothr Ear Arha of Argy as xut n harkt-pa a Enurgh as r aganst Jas II Wthsuh fay tratons Lug von Wstphan as far aboh rkng an usy narronnss of th ggarprouJunkrs an f h osurantst urauray. rgna n

Brunsk srv h ha not hstat to onnu ts arhn Napoon aagaat th tt Duko h hKngo of \stphaa for h s ovous ss ntrs nth hrtary Guphs than n h rfors th hh hFrnh onquror r h ayng onons n hs ontt Fahran Hovr hs obton to forgn onan


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8 R L M R X

was none te less stong on tat account, an in 1 8 1 3 e feltte sten an f te Fenc asal Davoust.

His augte Jenny was bon in Salweel on te 1 2tFebuay 1 8 1 4 wee e was Lanat, an two yeas late e

was tansfere to Tie as avise to te govenment n eiminay eal te Pussian Pime iniste Haenbeg asucient acmen to eaie tat e must sen te most caablemen an tose east aecte by te common iosyncasies ofJunkeom into te newly-won nelan, wic in its eatstil leae towas Fance

To te en f is life Kal ax soke wit te geatestevotion an gatitue of Luwig vn Westaen, an wene aesse m as is ea fately fien" an assueim of s lial ove it was moe tan te efunco oursof a soninlaw Westaen coul ecite wole assages fomte oems of Home an e knew most of te amas of Sakeseae by eat bt in ngis an in Geman n e olWestaen ouse" Kal ax obtaine muc stimulationwic s own om was unabe to e im an is scoolsti ess Fom s eaiest yeas e was on of Westaen'favouites, an it is not unikey tat Wetalen gave s consent

to te engagement in view of te ay maiage of is ownaents, fo in te eyes of te wo te augte of an aistocatcbaonia famiy a aso mae a ba matc wen se maie commone wo was oo an no moe tan a civi seant

Te siit of te fate i not ive on in te elest so woeveope ino a bueaucatic caeeis an wose tan tat :uing te eio of eaction in te 'fties e was te Pussianiniste o te neio an e efene te feual caim ofte mos obuate a obscuantist Junkes even against te

Pime niste anteue wo was at east a sew bueaucat.Tee wee nee any aicuay cose eations between tsson Feinan von Westaen, an is siste, in fact se wasony is ste-siste, fo e was teen yeas oe tan Jennyan te son o i ate by an ealie maiage.

nns ea bote was ga on Westaen, wo evelopeas fa to t eft of is fate's at as is stebote i tote ig Occasinay ga even aene is signatue tote communist aniestos o is boteinaw Ka ax, but

e nee became a vey eiabe suppote He went oveseasan eeience canging founes, etune an tune uee an tee, a oougy wi caacte weneve e asea o but e aways kept a wam cone in is ea foJenny an Ka ax an te name tei st son ae him

Appxy h n quvn Sh h Cuny-


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O F H E G E L

The Firs Year in Berln

VN before Karl Mar had becoe egaged to ey vo

Wethale h father had decded tht h tude hould becotued Ber ad a docuet dated the 1t of uly 183 tll eta whch Herch Mar ot oly gve h ero but decare t h wh that h o Karl hall eterhe Uverty of Ber to cotue tude urrudecead oltcal ecooy begu at Bo

The egageet tel robably tregtheed th decofor vew of the reote ature of ther roect the cauoucharacter of Mar father caued h to feel that for th oet

at leat a earato of the lover wa derable. H Pruaatrot ay have ueced h h choce of Berl, adalo era the fact that the Berl Uverty dd ot oterthe glorou college day" tradto whch, the oo ofh rudet aret Karl Mar had uorted qute eougha Bo Other uverte are otvely accaala coared wth th workhoue" declared udwg Feuerbachreferrg to Berl.

The youg tudet certay dd ot chooe Berl helfKarl Mar loved the uy Rhelad, ad the Prua catalreaed oboou to h all h lfe. The hloohy ofegel caot have eerced ay attracto becaue he kewothg at all about t although t ruled tll ore aboluteyat the Uverty of Ber ce the death of t fouder that had doe eve durg h lfe Ad the there wa theaccoayg earato fro h weetheart t rue thathe had roed to cotet helf wth her agreeet to

arry h the future ad to reouce all reet g ofaecto but uch lover oath ar otorouly wrt water. later year Mar told h chldre that h love for therother had tured h to a ravg Rolad thoe dayad fact h you ad ardet heart dd ot ret utl hehad obtaed at leat ero to wrte to y

However the rt letter he receve fro her arrved oly9


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1 0 K R L M R X

aftr ad n in Brin a yar Tans to a ttr wroto is arnts on t ot of Novmr 137 to giv tmsom ida of t ast yar r" w ar ras ttrinformd aout tis yar tan aout any otr in is f itr

arlir or atr Tis intrsting documnt rvas t wolman vn in t youngstr t man striving ar trut vn tt oint of moral and ysical xaustion is insatial tirtfor nowldg, is inxaustil caacity for wor is mrcilessslfcriticism and tat rc gting sirit wic migt orrul t art ut only w it smd to in rror

Karl Marx matriculatd on t 2 2nd Octor 1 36 Hdid not otr muc aout t acadmic lcturs and in ninalfyarly trms ut is nam down for ony twlv incuding for t most art t obligatory lcturs on urisrudncand vn of ts twlv robay ard vry fw EduardGans was t only on of ocial nivrsity lcturs woxrcisd any inunc on is mntal dvlomnt Marxattndd t cturs of Gans on criminal law and t Prussiacivil cod and Gans imslf as tstid to t xcllntdiignc" wic Marx dislayd at ot ts courss Howvr t mrcilss olmic wic Marx wags i is arlist

writings against t istorical cool of law is of far gratralu tan any suc tstimony wic always tnds to inuncd y rsonal considrations), for it was t ilosoicallytraind urist ans wo ad raisd is loqunt voic so stronglyagainst its narrownss and mustinss and its dltrious inuncon gislation and dvlomnt of law

According to is on account Marx studid urisrudncmrly as a subordinat discilin togtr wit istory andilosoy As far as ts last-mntiond subcts wr con

crnd did not otr aout t lcturs at al and did nomor tan ut down is nam for t usual obigatory lcturson logic y ablr, t ocial succssor of Hgl ut t mostmdiocr amongst Hgls mdioc olors Kar Marx wasssntiall a tinkr and vn at t univrsity wordindndnty �o tat in a yar otaind a walt of nowldg wic tn yars of t usual sow soon-fd acadmiccturs could ardly av givn im

On s arrival in Brin t nw world of lov" clamourd

for attntion Ful of yaning and mty of o" isflings ourd tmslvs into tr xrcis oos ful of omall ddicatd To my dar and vrovd Jnny von staln" Ty wr in Jnny's ands in cmbr 1 36wlcomd wit tars o oy and sadnss", as Marxs sistroi rort to Brin A ya latr in is long ltt to


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his paents the poet hmsel passes a vey dsespectul vedcton these chden o hs Muse " eeing stamped at andomless ; nothing natual about them ; eveythin u in theai ; utte contadctn between what is and what should be ;

hetocal eections instead o poetical ideas . t the end oths lst o sins the young poet is pepaed to gant " pehapsa cetain wamth o eelng and a stiving ae poetc e as an extenuatng cicumstance, ut even ths was tue ony inthe same way and to the same extent as it is tue o the auaLede o Schille

In genal these yuthu poems beathe a spiit o tiviaomanticism, and vey sedom does any tue note ing thougIn addton the technique o the vese is moe clumsy andhelpless than t had a ight to be ae Heine and Paten aboth sung Thus the atistic taent which Max possesse ingeat meue and which ate expesed itse in his scienticwos began to devop aong pecula bypaths In the guative powe o s language Max ose to the eve o the geatestmastes o Geman iteatue and he attached geat vaue tote stetic hamony o his witing unlie those poo sptswho egad a dyasdust stye as the st condtion o scholay

achievement but still, the git o vese was not amongst thetalents paced n hs cade by the Muses.s he wote to hs paents, poety must be o him no moe

than an ageeable subodnate inteest. He woud study uspudence thooughy and elt above al a desie to westle withphosoph He went though Heineccius Thbaut and theauthoites tanslated the st two boos o the Pandects intoGeman and sught to ound a hlosophy o aw This " notunate opus he decaes got almost as a as 300 Bogen, 2

but ts may vey well have been a sip o the pen In theend he saw " the alsty o the whoe thing and then unghimse into the ams o phlosophy to da a new metaphysicalsystem, only to eaize once agan the olly o hs eots uinghs studes he adopted the habt o mang summes o theboos he ead, instance, essngs Laocoon Soges EvnWincelmann's Hto of Art udens Grman Hto etc andat the same time otting down hs own eection He asotansated the Gana o acitus and th eges o vd andbegan eanng English and Italian on hs own that is to say,om gammas, but he made itte pgess. He ead lensmna Law and the Annal and aso a the new liteay poductions but tis was ony by the way and n hs sae tme e crjur cv ofJu stnan suab t nst tu t os ad gestsr A Bog o pite' s t s sxteen p �td pas


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1 L M

Th of th trm wa th agai vot to th Dac ofth us a uic of th Satyr" wh suy th omaiof ral potry op up bfor his ys li a faro fary palaca all hs ow cratios fll to othig.

ccorig to all this thrfor th rsult of th rst trmwas may ights of wafulss may battl fought amuch itral a tral stimulatio rciv" but vrthls litt gai atur art a th worl glct a frislot atio his halth sur from ovr-rtio aactig o mical avic h mov to Stralau whch at thattim was till a pacful littl shig villag. Stralau h rcuprat rapily a too up his spiritual wrstlig oc agai

th sco trm h also matr a ma of th mostvar owlg but graually t bcam mor a morvit that th o rm pol i th caslss ow of thigswa th philosophy of Hgl ars rt acquaitac witht was rathr fragmtary a it grotqu a rough-hwmloy" ot plas hm at all but urig a sco boutof illss h tui it from bgig to a soo aftr flli with a club of youg Hglias whr i th coict ofopo, h bcam mor a mor attach to th prst

worl phosophy", but crtaiy ot wthout lcig vrythig soorous i hm a caug a owright rag of iroyat so much gatio"

Karl ar pas all thi to his part a coclus byakig prmso to com hom at oc ista of at Eastr ith followig yar a h fathr ha alray proms Hclar hat h wat to cu wth hs fathr th maycstu" to which h charactr ha b ubjct inprocs of formatio a that oy th ar prsc" ofh part wou h b abl to lay th rtl ghost". Thisltr i of grat vau to u to-ay bcau it s a mirror i whchw ca th youg ar clary, but it wa ot favourablyrciv by his part Hs fathr, alray ailg agaicaught ght of th Dmo" whch h ha always fara whch h ow oubly far sic hi o ha fall ilov with a crta prso" whom th ol ma lov as hisow chil a c a hoourabl fay ha b prua

to approv of a rlatohip whch appartly a accorg toth usua way of th worl woul b fu of agr a gloomyprospcts for its blov chil Mar fathr wa ot goitough to ctat a cors of f to hs o f othr cours woulalo prmt th fullmt of acr obigatos but what thol ma ow saw aha was a storm-troubl sa with o propctof ay saf achorag


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erefr, deie weane ", wic e reized eeran anyne ele, e decided e ard fr nce , and ini rely e wa ard afer i wn fain, and recle exaggerain alernaed wi weful ig He a i n w e

laer a fullled i a and anwer e uein fr im : Gd el u ! ! ! Lac f rder, a rding rwing arunin all e eld f cience, a uy rding under a dimal illam Ging eed in a claic dreinggwn wi unem air a a cange frm ging eed wi eer gla inand Reellen unciailiy and e cnignmen f everying decen, even including cniderain fr yur wn faer a ecndary iin e limiain f e cial ar adiry rm were in weful dirder e lve leer f a Jennyand e welmeaning exrain f a faer, wrien wiear era, are ued a ieliger, wic y e way ieer an a ey uld fall in e and f ird erna a reul f ill mre irrenile dirder"

And en e i vercme y melancly, and in rde remain mercile e frie imelf wi e ill e dcr arecried fr im Karl r managemen i aen everely : My wry n end 700 aler in a ear a

ug we were made f mney n deance f all advice andagain all uage and alug e rice need n mre an500 aler" Naurally, e admi, Karl i neier endrif nr a waer, and w can a man w inven new yemevery wee and cra em e nex e execed er iead au uc rivial maer ? Everyne ad i and inKarl ce and everyne windled m rig and le

e leer rceed in i yle fr me ime and nallye faer ernly refue i n ermiin reurn me :

cme me nw wuld e fli am very well awarea yu d n er muc au e lecureraly aidfru a lea ini n decrum eing erved am nlave e inin f er ele, u dn lie caer amy exene" Karl culd cme me a Eaer, a arrangedr even en day earlier if e cared, fr faer wa nedanic

rugu all ee cmlain we can deec e reraca e n a n ear, and a rerac a een levelledagain Karl Marx eeaedly i i a wel ay ere, wen i iraied fr e r ime and raly wi greaer juicain,wa ere i ay au i Naurally we ave n ue fr eular rae e rig enjy life e ful" wic wainvened y a amered civilizain cla i cwardly egimand n muc ue fr e lder rae e rig f geniu"


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mit tl mo t t odiny umn big cl tiving o t gtt tut wic lwy chctdx g ro t dt o i rt o idblutly i id w not tc noug to lt him tu i bk

o t ug o umnity" o Huttn xdth m d God d budd im wt t wc cudt commo oow o umity to touc mo cutyt t ot No m h v don o muc Kl xto dtoy t oot u o th uig o humity".Hi ip plougd t wy o t ig o li thougtom d t d ud cotnt om i mi Hig w lw t t mt-d but th l o bod w not comotbl o it o th cpti o t cw

x w crtly ot dvoid o lig towd tot to im Hi ghtig iit could ovul t lingo i ht w y but it v compltly tidthm d t m in mtuity otn comld bittlytt to wo w t to im ud mo und thixobl lot o hi li tn did iml h youg tudnttoo uikly owd tt h w not impviou to t dito i th H bdod hi wih to go om immdtly

nd v i t viit muc to t dipointmnt o imoth but to t gt tiction o i th wo guicly bg to ubid. H hld t to i comlint but bdod i xggtion : in th t o btct onig w ctily no mtch o hi on wot And h wldy too old to tudy t ncy tmology bo lugingito t oly o ol but on on point nothing tcndtlod muc itc nd ut o thi point i on wilymtind dignid ilc nmly on th plty ution

o mony wo vlu to t th o mily t on tillppntly ild to ogni Howv dcld wcomplld im to ly down hi m

Unotuntly ti lt ntnc d mo iou mningthn w uggtd by th ly humo whic gi bgn toow in th ltt. t w dtd th ot Fbuy 83 8 ndHinic x d ut i om ick bd to whic dbn connd o v w h mpomnt i hltwhic d mittd him o w not mntind d ttobl ppntly liv di und nd gw wountl ut th mont lt on the oth o y 838 h did.t cm u i tim to p h th dippointmt wihwould hv bok i h littl by littl.

l x lwy ld with gtid wt i thd bn o him nd i th hd bon him in t dpt


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of hs heat so the son boe a pctue of hs fthe net to hs heatuntl the day hen he took t nto the gave th h

The Young egens

o the spng of 1 838 hen he lost hs athe Kal Mapent thee yeas n Beln and the ntelectual lfe n the ccleof Young Hegelans opened up the ecets of the Hegeanphlosophy to h.

At that te Hegelan phloophy as regaded as the PussanState phlosoph and the Mnste of Cultue Altensten and hsPvy Councllo ohannes Schulze had taken t unde thespecal cae. Hegel gloed the State as the ealty of the oaldea as the absolute eason and the absolute a n tself andtheefoe as the hghest ght as aganst the ndvual hosepaaount duty t was t be a ebe of the State Thsteachng concenng the State was natally vey elcoe tothe Pussn bueaucacy fo t tnsgued even the sns of the

Deagogue Hunt.Heges phlosophy as nt hypoctcal and hs poltcaldevelopnt plans hy he egaded the onachcal foebacng the best eos of all the sevants o the Stte as theost eal State fo At the utost he consdeed t necesathat the onant classes shoul enoy a etan nect shaen the ovenent but even that shae us e lted n copote fashon He as no oe pepaed to consde ageneal epesentaton of the people n the oden consttu

tonal sense than was the Pussan Kng o hs oacle MettenchHoweve the syste whch Hegel had woed out fo hself

as n econclable antagons to the dalectcal ehodwhch he adopte a a phlosophe Wth the concepton ofbeng the concpton of non-beng s gven and fo theantagons o the two the hghe conepton of becong esultsEverthng s an s not at oe and the sae te o eveythng s n a state of u n a state of peanent change npeanent developent an declne Accodng to ths theefoe hsto s a pocess of evelopent sng fo the loweto the hghe n unnteupe tansfoaton and Hegel th

" mo wa he nae en he aic an Lbea o he Menich ea on he Cnnen an a om o emocac aaon wee ohbieby he aba econ in 18 1 h maue wee ouw The " emaoueH n wa h ame ven o he ece caman of eecon conc aanhmT


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his univeral knowledge set out to prove this in the mot aiedbranches o historical science, though only in that orm whichaccorded with his own idealist conception o the abolute ideaexpressing itsel in all historical happenings. This abolute ideaHegel decared to be the vitalizing spirit o the whole world,without, howeer, giving any urther inormation about it

The alliance between the philosophy o Hegel and the Stateo the FrederickWillams could thereore be no more than amarriage o convenience lating as long a each partner wasprepared to minister to the convenience o the other. Thisworked excellently in the day o the Carlsbad Deciions andthe demagogue hunt but the July revolution o 183 gave

European development such a strong impetus that Hegel'smethod wa een to be incomparably more reliable than hisytem When the eect o the July Reolution weak enoughin any case as ar a ermany wa concened, had been tiedand the peace o the graveyard had again decended on theland o thinkers and poets, Prussian Junkerdom hastened to digout the old dilapidated umber o medival romanticism orse against modern philoophy. This was made easier or itby the act that Hegel's admiration as directed less to the

cause oJunkerdom than to the cause o the tolerably enlightenedbureaucracy and by the act that with all his glorication othe bureaucratic State Hegel had done nothing to maintainreligion amongst the peope, a endeavour hich is the alphaand omega o all eudal traditions and, in the last reort, o allexploiing clases.

The rst collision took place thereore on the religious eldHegel decared that the biblical stories should be regarded inthe ame way as one would regard proane stories, or belie

had nothing to do ih te knoledge o ommon and reamatters and then along came David Srauss, a yung Sabian,and took the master at his word in deadly earnest He demandedthat biblical histoy should be subjted to normal historicalcriticis, and he carried out this demand in his L f Jeu whichappeared in 1 835 and created a tremendous sensation. n thisbook Strauss picked up the threads o the bourgeois enighten-ment movement o the eighteenth century, hereas Hegel hadpoken o its " pseudoenlightenment all too contemptuouslyStrauss' capacity or dialectial thought permitted him to goar more thoroughy into the question than old eimarus haddone beore him. Strauss did not regard the Christian religion a raud or the Apostles as a pack o roges, but expained themythical components o the ospel story rom the unconsciouscreaions o the early Chritan communitie Much o the


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New Testment he regrded historicl report concerning thee of Jesus, nd Jesus hmself s historicl personge, whilsthe ssumed n historc ss for ll the more importnt incidentsmentioned in the Bile.

Politicll consiered Struss ws completel hrmless nd heemined so ll his ds, ut the oliticl note ws soundedrther more shrp nd clerl in the Hllch Jhrbchwhich ws founded in 188 Arnold Ruge nd TheodorEchtermeer s the orgn of the Young Hegelins. his puicion lso delt with literture nd phlosoph, nd t rst it wsintended to e no more thn counterst to the BrlinrJhrbchr the stickinthemud orgn of the Old Hegelins.

Ruge, who hd pled prt in the Brchnchf movement Z nd suered si ers' imprisonment in Kenick ndKolerg s victim of the insne emgogue Hunt, quickl tookthe led in the rtnershp with Echtermeer, who ded oungRuge hd not tken his erler fte trgic, nd lter on ortunte mrrige gve him lectureship t the Universit oflle. He led comfrtle life nd, despite his erier mis-fotunes, ths pemitted im to declre the Prussin Stte sstemfree nd just. ndeed, he woud hve liked to stif n his

person the mlicious sng of the od Prussn mndrins thtno one mde creer for hmself more quickl thn convertedemgogue, ut this ws just the troule

Ruge ws not n ndependent thnker nd st ess revolu-tionr spirt, ut he hd sucient educton, ndustr ndghing spirit to mke good editor of scientic mgine,nd on one occsion he ced hiself, not without certinmount of truth, wholesle merchnt of inteletul wresnder hs ledershp the Hllch Jhrbchr develoed into

renevous of ll the unrul spirits, men who possess the dvntgeunfortunte from the governmentl oint of viewofringing more ife into the press thn none else. For instnce,vid Strus s contrutor dd more to hold the ttentionof reders thn ll the orthodo theologns ghting tooth ndni for the infilt of the Be, put together could hvedone. Ruge, it is true, me pont of ssurng the uthorities

Halch Jahrbih : Hal . The custo, widey prevaent in eranyat the te, of issuing socaled " Annuals which were in fact coections of artcesw due to a dire to circuvent the censorship which, although it appled strictly to shorter pubications ecepted those of ore than 0 Bogen or 3 pges-T The Burschenchaf oveent was founded in Jena in 85 as a bourgeois

deocratic students orgzation opposed to the tradtiona arisocratic student' Corps It wa ibued with a iberarian and ilitant spirt and in consequencit was supprsed by the decisions of the Carlsbad Cnress in 18 1 The Bur

schenchaften si ist, but their orgina signcance has naturaly lon ago beentTr


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s publcio propted Hee Chrtiit gel Prssi but he Minster o Cuture Altestein ho lredy bein hrd pressed by th romnticist reciondid ot trust s surnce nd reused to be moved by Ruesuet pledis or Stte ppontment recoion os serces The result ws tht the Hallch ahh beto reize tht somet ought to be done to brek the ettewhich impsoned Prussin reedom nd justice.

The Beli oun Heens in whose mdst Krl Mset hree yes o hs e were lmost contbutos to RugesHallc ahch The club memehip w composedchey o nivesit lecturers teche d write Rutebeg

o descibed in one o Mrs erler letters to hs ther he most intmte o his Beri riends hd been techero eophy to the Berl Cos o Cdets but hd bee dismsed llegedly or hv been ound one morni drunk inthe gutter but i realty becuse he hd ome under suspiciono wiin malcious rticles in Hmbur nd Leipzg ewsppers. Edur Meye ws conected th shortlvedourl wich publshed to o Ms poems ortuntely theoly two tht ever sw the light o dy. M Stirer w

techn t ils school in Berin but it has ot bee possibleto dscover whether he s meber o the club t the smeme as M nd there is no evdence tht the to ever knewch other peronlly ny e the mtter is not o muchiterest becuse no intelectul connection eisted betweenthe n the other hnd the two mot promnent membeo e club Buno Buer lecture t the Unversit o Berinnd Kl Friedrich Kppen teche t the DorotheeMunipl Secod School or Moder Subjects hd etiuece on M.

Kl Mar ws hrdly twenty yers ol when he oined theclub o oun Hegels but so oen hppeed i lterye when he etered e circle he soon becme its centreBoh Buer nd Kppe who were bout ten yers older thM uckl recogzed his supeo intelect nd sked or obetter comde th ths younster who s sti i positoto l muc rom them nd did so. The ipetuous poemchch Kppen publshed in 40 on the centen o the birth of Frederick he ret o Prussi ws dedcted o my FriendKrl M o Trier

Kppen possessed histoicl talent i ery ret measuend h contbutions to the Halch ahch stil vouc orths ct. t is to Kpe tht we owe te st ey histoc

1 Shod read " accession to te to.


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P U P L O F H G L

amen o he egn o o dng he nc evoon He subected the epesenaves o conemoay hsoicwing, Leo, Ranke, aume and closse, o he veles andmos enchan ccsm nd msel made salles o vaioselds o hsocal eseah : om a leay nodcon o Nodcmythology, whch s wohy o place besde e wos o Jakobimm and Ludg Uhland, long wok on Bdda, whchened even he ecognion o chopenaue who was ohese no well dsosed owads he old Hegelan he ac a man lke Kppen yeaned o 0< the spta esecon o the wos dspot n Pssan hsoy n ode o exemnaewith e and swod a hose who deny s enance no he

lnd o pomse s sucen o gve s some dea o he pecaenvonmen n whch hese Belin Young Hegelans lvedHoweve, wo acos mus ceanly no be ovelooked

rst o all the omantcs eacon ad eveyhng connecedwh t dd s umost o blacken he memoy o ld Fiz Kpen himself descbed hese eots s a hobe cewaulng ld and New samen mpes, mol Jew's has,edyng and hstocal bagppes, and ohe hoible nsmen,and n he mddle o al hymns o eedm boomed ou n a

beey eonc bass d secondly, ee had s ye beenno ccal and scenc examnaon wc dd moe o lesssce o le and acons o e ssan ng, nd heecould no have been any uch exaiao becae he decsvesouces necessay o such wok had no ye been opened pFedeck he e eoyed a eaon o eghenmen and tha was sucen to ake m haed by e one and adiedby the othe

Kpen's book also amed pckng e eads o he

ehteenthcentuy bogeos enlghenmen movemen, nd, nac, Ruge once declaed o Bae, Kppen and Max ha heiche on chaacesc was a hey all poceeded om hsmovemn hey epresened phiosophic Montan Pay andwote a MeneMeneeklUphasn on e somswe ozono emany Kpen eued he seca declamtons agans he phosophy o he egheenh cenu ese thetendency to boe much was owng o he eman ponees o

the bougeos enghenmen movemen he one decenchad been that they we n enlghened enogh Hee ppenwas ttng chey at the thoughless maos o Hege, heloney penens o the dea , the old Bahmns o logc sttng wth cossed legs, etenally and monotonously gablng heHo ee Vdas agan and agan, pausng only now and hen ohow a usfu gance no he wod � he dancng Bayadee


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0 R L M R X

Th shaf wn hom, fo Vanhagn pomply conmn hbook n ogan of h Ol Hglans as " sgsng an" psv pobabl flng hmslf paclay won byh plan spakng of Kppn abo " h oas of h mash hos ps who lgon who a Fahan, whoconvcons who conscnc, who ha ; fng nhco no ha no oy no soow no ov no ha whoGo an who h vl, msabl ca who sqaaon h gas of hll an w oo vl o b ganamanc

Kppn hono " h ga Kng only as gaphlosoph b h wn fh n hs aocacy han was

pmssb vn accong o h sanas of Fcanknowg hn pvang " Unk Kan h ca," Fck h Ga no sbscb o wo foms of ason a hoca on bngng fowa s obs, obcons anngaons faly honsly an aacosy, an a paccal on,n gaanshp an n h pbc pay, o mak goo whah oh l an o whwash s sn pnks Ony hmos mnay mmay can conn ha as compawh h oya an pacca asonn hs phosopcal hocal

asonng appas paclay anscnnal, an ha onO F smss h h of Sans Soc fom hs mn Onh cona h Kng nv agg bhn h phosoph nh man

yon who a o pa Kppns connons oaywol cany ay hmsf opn o h poach of moslmnay mmay vn fom h ssan hsoca school an vn fo h ya 84 was gong ah oo fa o plach lflong nghnmn wok of a phlosoph lk Kan n

h sam cagoy as h psonghnmn oks pay byh Bossan spo on h Fnch blans who w conno ac as hs co ss

Kppn s n h pca povy an mpnss ofBn lf whch was faa o all h Yong Hglans vng han ahogh h sho hav bn abl o ga hms agans mo asy han h ohs, ac hm sll mo han hm an pss slf vn n a polmc whch ha canlybn wn wh all hs ha Bln lack h powfl backbon hch ns n h Rhnan aay hghyvlopgav o bogos conscosnss h Th s was ha whnh qsons of h ay ook on a paccal fom h ssancapa opp bhn Coogn an vn bhn Lpg anKngsbg Wng of h Blns of h ay h as ssanWalso ca " Thy hnk hmslvs mnosly f


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an ang wen they mae fun of Cef an Hagen of the Kingan te events of the ay siting safey in thei afs an joingin tei famiia coneboy stye. Bein was in fat nothingmoe tan a miitay gaison an esience town, an the petty-bougeois popuace compensate itsef with maicious an patbacbiing fo te coway subsevience it showe to eveyout equipage. A egua enezvous fo this sot o opposiionwas the saon fo scana maintaine by anhagen te sameman who cose imsef in pious hoo at the iea of evenFeeician enigtenment as Kppen unestoo it.

Thee is no eason to oubt that the young Ma shae theopinons epess in te boo wich bougt his name befoe

the genea pubi fo te st time He was cosey acquaintewth Kppen an aope the attes stye o a consieabeetent Aoug tei paths soon banche o in ieentiections, te two aways emaine goo fiens an when Maetune o Bein wenty yeas ate on a visit e foun Kppen" just te same as eve an they ceebate a joyfu eunionan spent many happy hous in each othes company Not veong aewas, in 863 Kppen ied

3 Te Phosophy of Sef-Conscousness

The ea eae of the Young Hegelans n ein was notKppen howeve but Buno Bae, who was ociay ecognize an otoo pupi of the maste, paticay as he a showngeat specuative aogance in an attac on tauss ofJsus

a poceein whic eane im an enegetic ubbing fom tauss Baue eoye he potection of the Ministe of Cuue, Aen-stein, wo egae him as a vey pomsing an taente youngman

Howeve Bno Baue was not a caeeis an tauss uneou to be a poo pophe wen he ecae that Baue wou enhis ays in the " petie schoasticism of the otoo cheainHengstenbeg On the contay, in the summe of 839 Baue

came to gips wth Hengstenbeg who wante o pesen te oof the O Tesamen, he o of ange an vengeance, s teo of Cisianity. Te ieay echanges wich esueemaine we ihin e ims of an acaemic poemic but theywee sucieny shap to cause the ecepit an vey mchaame Atenstein to emove is potg fom the suspiciousgae of te othoo who wee as engefu as tey we simon


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pue. n the autumn of 89 he sent Baue to the Unvestyof Bonn as a ectue wth the ntenton of appontn hm to apofessoshp befoe the en of the yea

But Buno Bae as hs ettes to Ma ncte was aeayn a peo of nteectua eveopment whch was to tae hmfa beyon Stauss e bean a ctcsm of the Gospes whchnay emoshe the ast uns whch Stauss ha e st stann He contene tat thee was not an atm of hstcatuth n the Gospe stoy that eveythn n t was the pouctof fantasy an that hstanty was not foce as a wo eonon the cassc GcoRoman wo but that t as the natuapouct of that wo Wth ths eveopment he too the one

path whch oee a possbty of scentcay nvestatn theon of hstant an t s not wthout oo eason thatou contepoay fashonabe cout an sao theooananac who s a the moment enae n fubshn up theGospes n the ntests of the un casses oun abuses anyattempt to pocee aon the path opene up by Buno Baue

Whst these eas wee bennn t matue n Buno Baushea Ka Ma was hs nsepaae companon an aueecone hs nne yea oune fen as a most capabe bothe

n ams e ha hay sete own n Bonn when he beanhs attempts to pesuae Ma to foow hm A cub of pofessos n Bonn was " smpe hstnsm compae wth theeean cub n Ben he ecae he att ha at eastaways been a cente of nteectua ness hee was asopent of amusement n Bonn what the cae amusement thee but he ha neve auhe so much n Bonn as he ha n Ben wenhe ha no moe than cosse the steet th M Ma shouposh o hs " tva eamnaton na (ae a ony Astote

Spnoa an Lebn we necessa) an stop tan such faccanonsense seousy e wou n the Bonn phosophes easyame An above a a aca pubcaton was necessay onehy cou ssue ont fo the Ben chtchat of the Hacharbce as no one toeabe. e fet soy fo Rue butwh on eat nt the feow ve the vemn out of hs pape

Baues etes soun evoutonay enouh a tes but ts away phosophca evouton he has n mn an he wasfa moe ncne to count on the suppot of the State than onts host e ha hay tten to Ma n ecembe 89that ussa seeme estne to me poess ony on accountof t enas thuh natuay such battes nee no aas befouht oe a hecatomb of copses when a few monhs aeoon on he aost smuaneous ecease of hs potectoAtensten an he o nhe pee hmsef to " the hhest


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P U P L O E G E L 23

de o our State e te my sprt o te prncey Houseo Hoenor wc d devoted our centures o gmndedeort to te settement o te retons o Curc nd Stte.At te same tme Buer promsed tt scence woud not atern ts deence o te Stte de ganst te usurpaton o tecurc Te Stte mgt err, t mgt ecome suspcous oscece a use te wepon o ntmdton, ut reso eogedtoo natey to te Stte or t to err ong. Te new Kngswered ts omage y ppontng te ortodo rectonryEcorn s Atenstens successor, and Ecor mmeateyproceeded to sacrce te reedom o scence, s ar s t wsconnected wt te Ste de, tt s to say, te reedom o

acdemc teacng, to te usurpto o te curcPotcay consered, Bauer ws r ess ree tn Kppen,wo mgt ave made mste concernng one Hoenoerwo surprsngy rose aove te geer amy eve, ut wsnot ey to me ny mstae ccerng " te my spr t o tat rncy ouse Kppn s y no means so torougyt me wt te Hege deoogy as ws Bauer, ut t mustot e overooed tt te tters potc sortsgtedss wsony te reverse sde o s psopc cumn He dscoered

n te gospes te teectu depost o te tme n wc teyd orgnated and e ws te opnond consdred rma purey deoogc stndpont t ws not ogcatt evente Crt regon wt ts turd ermnt o Grcoomanposopy ad succeeded overcomg te cutur o t csscword, te te cer and re crtcsm o mer dectcs woudsucceed st more sy n sang o te ncuu o CrstnGermnc cuture

t ws t posopy o seconscousess wc ge suc nsprg conece. Te Gree posop scoos wcdeveoped rom te aton dsntegraton o Gre e d ddmost to ructy te Crstan regon, te Sceptcs te Epcureansnd te Stocs, ad unted under ts ame Tey coud not compred wt Pto n specuatve dept nor w Arstote nunvers nowedge, and tey ad en somwat contemptuusy treted y Hege. Ter ont am ws to mae te ndv-dua, seprted y terre catacysm rom evrytng wc

up to em ad stayd and ot m npendent o evry-tng outsde ms n to m c nto s nner eto see s ra ppnss n te pc o te st pecwc mgt rean unsen st te woe ord wscopsng around s ears

ower, eare ue, on te runs o nse or teeacatd go a ts a t on! er sran and


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anatd ts wn cnscusnss b rprsntng ts wn gnralpw as an an pwr utsd tsl. In th rd and Mast th Gsp str wh vrcam th aws natur wth nbrath hs muth subjugatd hs nms and annuncdhms vn n arth a th d th wrd and th Judg al thngs t ctd a hst brth but stll a brthr t thwrld ru n m hdng swa vr al rghts and carrngth pwr vr ad dath n ts ps ndr th slavr th Chrsan g hwvr humant was trad s that tmght ppar ts a th mr thrughl r rd andncmpass t a th r cmpt whn t shuld nall bwn h tral cnscusnss l razng ts und

standng ts and cmprhndng ts ssnc had pwr vth cratns ts wn alnatnI w brush asd t tpca phrasg currnt n th

phsphc languag th da w can xprss n smp and mrudrstandabl trms what t was that attractd Baur Kppnand Marx t th Gr phsph scnscusnss Hr tth wr n rat agn pcng up th thrads th burgsnlghtnmnt mvmnt h ld Gr phsphc schls scnscusnss prducd n n cmparab t th gnuss

th d natura hsph Dmcrtus and Hractus r th latr abstract phsph Pat and Arstt but nvrthssh plad a grat hstrc l h pnd up nw and wdhrzns t th human ntlct and th br dwn bth thnatnal lmtatns Hlnsm and th scal lmtatns slav mtatns whch nthr Pat nr Arsttl had dramd vrstppng h gratl ructd prmtv Chrstantwhch was th rgn th pprssd and th surng andn atr tr t had bcm th gn an pprssng andxptng pwr dd t g vr t Plat and Arstt Athughgnra spang Hg tatd th phlsph scnscus-nss n a vr hand ashn vn h xprss pntd ut thrat sgncanc th nnr rdm th ndvdual amdstth uttr caamt th man wrld mpr whch acd alth nbt nd baut sprtua ndvduat wth a brutahand. h burgs nghtnmnt mvmnt th ghtnthcntu vvd th Gr phsphs scnscusnss th

dubts t Scptcs th hatrd th Epcurans br twardslgn ad th publcan sntmnts th Stcsn hs wr n Frdrc th Grat whm h rgardd as n

th hrs th nghtnmnt mvmnt Kppn sunddh sam t whn h dclard : " Epcuransm Stcsm andScptcsm rprst th nrvs and ntna sstm th aqurgasm whs drct and naturl unt dtrmnd th baut


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an moraly of classcal anquy an whch collapse when helaer e ou. Freerck he Grea aope all hree anwele hem wh wonerful power. They ecame he heffacors n hs worl oulook n hs characer an hs wholelfe Marx was prepare o ran a leas ha wha Kppensa here concernn he relaon of he hree phlosophe o Greeklfe possesse " a eeper sncance

The prolem whch occupe hs oler frens occupe Marxno less, u he eal wh n a ren fashon e soh" human selfconscousness as he supreme Gohea oleranno oher Gos before neher n he sorn mrror of relonnor n he phlosophc leansm ofa espo b by o ack o

he hsorcal orns of hs phlosohy whose sysem represenefor hm also the key o he real hsory of he Greek spr

4 he Docor Dier o

When Brno Bauer ure Marx o polsh o hs rval

examnaon nally he ha some rouns for mpaence for was he auumn of 8 an Marx ha alreay bee suynfor eh erms u he ceraly no spoe ha Marxas suern from any examnaon ever he sal ansareeale sense of he erm or he wol never hae creehm wh ben able o owl over he prfessors of phosophyn Bonn a he rs encouner

wa characersc of Marx an remane so unl hee of hs ays ha hs nsaale ure o knowlee perme

hm o maser cul problems quckly, whls hs merlessselfcrcsm prevene hm from havn one wh em eqallyqckly n accorance wh hs sal horohness Mar mushave plne no he reyes ephs of Greek phosoph anhe represenaon of only he hree sysems of he losophy ofelfconscousness was no maer whch col e see n a fewerms Bauer, who urne o hs ow works a rea speemch oo quckly n fac for her permanence ha nesnn for hs mch less han Frerch nels sowe la! ron, an even nels somemes becam mpaen hen Macoul n no lm an no en o hs selfcrsm

However, he " rval eamnaon presene oer ules f no for auer hen for Marx \hls hs faher wsll alve Marx ha ece on an acaemc career whoherey aanonn compleely he choce of a praccal pro


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on, b t t dat o tntn t mot attractvatur o a proora carr and on ch mt av madup or t numro dadvanta ban o dappar amy,t comparatv rdom rantd to phoophr n trunvrty car. Bau hm nvr trd o pontn out tth acadmc on a ood or nothn .

Ad n act, t a not on bor Bar dcovrd tatvn th cntc nvtaton o a Pr

Franz Mehring Karl Marx the Story of His Life 1918

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Transcript of Franz Mehring Karl Marx the Story of His Life 1918