Franz Duran INTRODUCTION TO A RDUINO PROGRAMMING & INTERFACING Engr. Franz Duran, MEP-ECE...

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INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO PROGRAMMING &

INTERFACING

Engr. Franz Duran, MEP-ECERapidSignal Electronics

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OVERVIEW

Microcontrollers & Robotics

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OVERVIEW

DAY 1 (Morning)o Introduction to Microcontroller Technologyo Introduction to Arduino microcontroller boardo Introduction to RapiDuino Microcontroller

Learning Moduleo Basic Arduino Programming and Interfacing

Interfacing with LEDs, switches, & LCD


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OVERVIEW

DAY 1 (Afternoon)o Interfacing with 4x4 keypado Interfacing with Analog Sensorso Interfacing with Serial Communication


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OVERVIEW

DAY 2 (Morning)o Introduction to P-BOT mobile robot traineroMaze mobot programmingo Line follower mobot programming


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OVERVIEW

DAY 2 (Afternoon)o Line follower mobot raceo Android-controlled mobotoDIY line follower mobot


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MICROCONTROLLER BASICS


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What is a microcontroller?

MCUA single-chip computerInvented in the 1970’sUsed as “embedded” controller


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Where are MCUs used?

used as dedicated controllers in:oHome and office appliancesoConsumer & Personal electronicsoMedical equipmento Industrial equipmentoAutomotive electronicsoNaval/Avionics/Aerospace


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Why use a microcontroller?

Low-costFlexibleSmall outlineLow-power


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Low-costo Typical price range: P50 to P1000

Flexible Small outline Low-power


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Cheap

FlexibleoRe-programmableoHigh-integration devices

Small outline Low-power


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Cheap Flexible

Small outlineo small physical size = low PCB footprinto tiny packages: DIP, SOP

Low-power


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Cheap Flexible Small outline

Low-powero Battery-operated applicationoUse SLEEP/low-power operation


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ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER


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What is an Arduino?

A microcontroller board + programming IDE


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What is an Arduino?

A complete MCU boardo ATMEGA microcontrolleroUSB circuito Power supply circuitoReset buttono Female header connectors


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What is an Arduino?

Easy-to-use Arduino Development environmento Program is called Sketch


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Arduino ECOSYSTEM

Arduino Boardo Simple, open-hardware design

Arduino Programming IDEoC/C++-based, open-sourceo Built-in functions

Arduino CommunityoDesign Arduino-compatible circuits (Shields)o Software and hardware collaboration


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RAPIDUINO SWORD3


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RapiDuino Sword3


ARDUINO BOARD

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RapiDuino Sword3


Arduino Uno gizDuino

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RapiDuino Sword3


2x16 Character LCD

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RapiDuino Sword3


Button Switches

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RapiDuino Sword3


4x4 Keypad

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RapiDuino Sword3


4x4Keypad

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RapiDuino Sword3


7-segment displays

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RapiDuino Sword3


Light-emitting diodes

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RapiDuino Sword3


Real-time clock w/ back-up battery

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RapiDuino Sword3


Serial EEPROM

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RapiDuino Sword3


buzzer

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RapiDuino Sword3


Serial Communication

Circuit

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RapiDuino Sword3


Bluetooth Transceiver

Module

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RapiDuino Sword3


Analog voltage sources

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RapiDuino Sword3


Temperature sensor

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RapiDuino Sword3


light-dependent

resistor

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RapiDuino Sword3


Power Supply Circuit

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BASIC ARDUINO PROGRAMMING & INTERFACING


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LED Interfacing

Build an LED circuitInterface the LED circuit to the

ArduinoCreate an Arduino program that will

turn on the LED


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What is an LED?

Light-emitting diodeo An electronic device that emit visible light

when activated.o Typically used as electrical status indicators


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LED Interfacing


Circuit schematic

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LED Circuit


Circuit on breadboard

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LED Circuit on Rapiduino

Connect LED1 to Arduino Pin 7


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Arduino Environment

Open the Arduino programming environment


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Writing the Sketch

void setup() {

}

void loop() {

}


Example #

1

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Writing the Sketch

void setup() { pinMode(7, OUTPUT); //Pin 7 is output pin. digitalWrite(7, HIGH); //LED is on.}

void loop() {

}


Example #

1

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Writing the Sketch

void setup() { pinMode(7, OUTPUT); //Pin 7 is output pin. digitalWrite(7, HIGH); //LED is on. pinMode(5, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(5, HIGH);}

void loop() {

}Microcontrollers & Robotics

Example #

1

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Writing the Sketch

Click the Verify button


Verify button

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Steps for Uploading the Program

1. Connect the USB cable


Note: Make sure USB-to-serial driver is installed first

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2. Power up the Rapiduino board


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3. Select the COM port number of the Serial Port


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4. Select the Arduino Duemilanove w/ ATmega328 board


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5. Press down the Reset button


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6. While Reset button is pressed, click the Upload button

7. Release the Reset button


Upload button

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Wait…

… until uploading is done.


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Steps for experimenting with the Rapiduino

1. Assemble the Arduino application hardwareoUse ordinary solid wires

2. Write the sketch program

3. Upload program to Arduino


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Arduino Sketchint LED1Pin = 7; //PIN7 is 'renamed' as LED1

void setup() { pinMode(LED1Pin, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(LED1Pin, HIGH); }

void loop() { //nothing... }


Example #

1

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Arduino Program

Called as Sketcho A simplified combination of C/C++

programming language

Consist of:o setup() functiono loop() function


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Arduino Program

The setup() functiono The setup() function is called when a sketch

program begins executing. o It is used to initialize variables, configure pin

modes, begin using libraries, etc. o The setup() function will only run once, after

each powerup or reset of the Arduino board.


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Arduino Program

The loop() functiono The loop() function repeatedly execute all

codes appearing within its body. oUse it to actively control the Arduino board,

i.e. read input, process information, send output


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Arduino Programvoid setup() { //code1 //code2}

void loop() { //code3 //code4 //code5}


code1

code5

start

code2

code4

code3

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LED Interfacing

LED Blinker program


Example #

2ConfigureOutput pin

start

LED is off

Time delay

LED is on

Time delay

LED is off

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Arduino Sketch: LED Blinkerint LED1Pin = 7;

void setup() { pinMode(LED1Pin, OUTPUT); //Pin 7 is output pin digitalWrite(LED1Pin, LOW); //LED is initially low}

void loop() { digitalWrite(LED1Pin, HIGH); //Turn on LED. delay(500); //Time delay for 0.5 second. digitalWrite(LED1Pin, LOW); //Turn off LED. delay(250); //Time delay for 0.25 second.}


Example #

2

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Button Switch Interfacing

Button switch:o a.k.a pushbutton

or buttono Used as simple input

devices

Common example:o Tact switches


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Program Description:o If button is pressed,

turn on LED.o Else, if button is not

pressed, turn off LED.

Operation:o Button is connected to

Pin 5. o Pin 5 is configured as

input pino If button is pressed,

Pin 5 reads Logic 0; else, if not pressed reads as Logic 1


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Assemble circuit on Rapiduino:o LED1 Pin 7o BUTTON1 Pin 5


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Arduino Sketch

int LED = 7;int BUTTON = 5;

void setup(){ pinMode(BUTTON, INPUT); pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(LED, LOW); }

void loop(){ int ButtonStat;

ButtonStat = digitalRead(BUTTON);

if(ButtonStat == LOW) { digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); } else { digitalWrite(LED, LOW); } }


Example #

3

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2x16 Character LCD Interfacing

Output device for displaying characters

2 rows, 16 characters


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Pin number Name Description

1 GND GND

2 +5V +5V

3 VO Contrast Voltage

4 RS Register Select

5 RW Read/Write

6 EN Enable

7 D0 Data Bit 0

8 D1 Data Bit 1

9 D2 Data Bit 2

10 D3 Data Bit 3

11 D4 Data Bit 4

12 D5 Data Bit 5

13 D6 Data Bit 6

14 D7 Data Bit 7

15 LED_AN LED Backlight anode

16 LED_CA LED Backlight cathode

POWERPins

CONTROLPins

DATAPins

BACKLIGHTLED pins

1 16

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Assemble circuit on Rapiduino:o LCD_RS Pin 12o LCD_EN Pin 11o LCD_D4 Pin 14o LCD_D5 Pin 15o LCD_D6 Pin 16o LCD_D7 Pin 17 o LCD_RW Ground (NOTE: Short J3 jumper)


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#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17); //lcd pins

void setup() { lcd.begin(16, 2); //set up the LCD's number of columns and rows: lcd.print("RapiDuino SWORD3"); //Print a text on first line lcd.setCursor(1, 1); //Move cursor to 2nd line lcd.print("with Bluetooth!"); //Print a text on second line}

void loop() { //Do nothing... }


Example #

4

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END

Franz Duran INTRODUCTION TO A RDUINO PROGRAMMING & INTERFACING Engr. Franz Duran, MEP-ECE...

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