Franklin County Amateur Radio ClubFranklin County Amateur Radio Club

Technician Class License CourseTechnician Class License Course

Bob Solosko W1SRBBob Solosko W1SRBAl Woodhull N1AWAl Woodhull N1AW

Chris Myers KB1NEKChris Myers KB1NEKBob Dickerman WA1QKTBob Dickerman WA1QKT

Technician License Exam

FCC Rules; 6

Operating Procedures; 3

Amateur Radio Practices; 2

AC Power, Hazards; 3

Station Equipment; 4Electrical Principles; 4

Electrical Components; 4

Modulation Modes; 4

Radio Wave Characteristics; 3

Antennas; 2

FCC Rules Operating Procedures Amateur Radio Practices AC Power, Hazards

Station Equipment Electrical Principles Electrical Components Modulation Modes

Radio Wave Characteristics Antennas

35 questions, 26 correct to pass

Number of questions in each area

Non-technical11 questions

Technical17 questions

Slightly technical7 questions

Technician License Exam

FCC Rules; 6

Operating Procedures; 3

Amateur Radio Practices; 2

AC Power, Hazards; 3

Station Equipment; 4Electrical Principles; 4

Electrical Components; 4

Modulation Modes; 4

Radio Wave Characteristics; 3

Antennas; 2

FCC Rules Operating Procedures Amateur Radio Practices AC Power, Hazards

Station Equipment Electrical Principles Electrical Components Modulation Modes

Radio Wave Characteristics Antennas

35 questions, 26 correct to pass

Number of questions in each area

Technician License Exam

FCC Rules; 6

Operating Procedures; 3

Amateur Radio Practices; 2

AC Power, Hazards; 3

Station Equipment; 4Electrical Principles; 4

Electrical Components; 4

Modulation Modes; 4

Radio Wave Characteristics; 3

Antennas; 2

FCC Rules Operating Procedures Amateur Radio Practices AC Power, Hazards

Station Equipment Electrical Principles Electrical Components Modulation Modes

Radio Wave Characteristics Antennas

35 questions, 26 correct to pass

Number of questions in each area

Class 1Class 1

Class 2Class 2

Class 2Class 2

Class 3Class 3

Class 3Class 3Class 4Class 4

Class 4Class 4

Class 5Class 5

Class 5Class 5

Class 5Class 5

Class 4Class 4

Technician License Exam

FCC Rules; 6

Operating Procedures; 3

Amateur Radio Practices; 2

AC Power, Hazards; 3

Station Equipment; 4Electrical Principles; 4

Electrical Components; 4

Modulation Modes; 4

Radio Wave Characteristics; 3

Antennas; 2

FCC Rules Operating Procedures Amateur Radio Practices AC Power, Hazards

Station Equipment Electrical Principles Electrical Components Modulation Modes

Radio Wave Characteristics Antennas

You’ll need to know how to do this:

V = I x RP = I x V

You don’t need to know how to do this:

The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum

100 kHz3000 m

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

10 GHz3 cm

AM

Bro

ad

cast

FM

Bro

ad

cast

TV

Bro

ad

cast

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

FrequencyWavelength

The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum

100 kHz3000 m

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

10 GHz3 cm

AM

Bro

ad

cast

FM

Bro

ad

cast

TV

Bro

ad

cast

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

FrequencyWavelength

• Hz = Hertz = cycles per second

• kHz = kilohertz = 1000 hertz = 1000 cycles/sec

• MHz = megahertz = 1 million hertz = 1 million cycles/sec = 1000 kHz

• GHz = gigahertz = 1 billion hertz = 1000 MHz

Hz, kHz, MHz and GHzHz, kHz, MHz and GHz

Named after Heinrich Hertz – In 1886, first to demonstrate the existence of electromagnetic waves

The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum

100 kHz3000 m

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

10 GHz3 cm

AM

Bro

ad

cast

FM

Bro

ad

cast

TV

Bro

ad

cast

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

FrequencyWavelength

Relationship Between Frequency and WavelengthRelationship Between Frequency and WavelengthFrequency is cycles per second:

• cycle per second = 1 Hz (Hertz)• if freq = 1000 Hz (1 kHz), then 1 cycle = 1/1000 sec• if freq = 1,000,000 Hz (1 MHz), then 1 cycle = 1/1,000,000 sec

Speed of Light = 300,000,000 meters per second (speed of radio wave in a vacuum)• if freq = 1 MHz, then in one cycle, radio wave travels

300,000,000 m/sec X (1/1,000,000 sec) = 300 meters = wavelength (λ)• λ = speed of light/freq (in Hz) = 300,000/(freq in kHz) = 300/(freq in MHz)

(1 meter ≈ 39⅓ in. ≈ 3¼ ft.)

The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum

100 kHz3000 m

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

10 GHz3 cm

AM

Bro

ad

cast

FM

Bro

ad

cast

TV

Bro

ad

cast

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

LF(Low

Frequency)

MF(Medium

Frequency)

HF(High

Frequency)

VHF(Very HighFrequency)

UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)

SHF(Super HighFrequency)

3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz

FrequencyWavelength

The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum

100 kHz3000 m

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

10 GHz3 cm

AM

Bro

ad

cast

FM

Bro

ad

cast

TV

Bro

ad

cast

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

LF(Low

Frequency)

MF(Medium

Frequency)

HF(High

Frequency)

VHF(Very HighFrequency)

UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)

SHF(Super HighFrequency)

3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz

FrequencyWavelength

The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum

100 kHz3000 m

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

10 GHz3 cm

AM

Bro

ad

cast

FM

Bro

ad

cast

TV

Bro

ad

cast

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

16

0 m

(1

.8 M

Hz

– 2

MH

z)

6 m

(5

0 M

Hz

– 5

4 M

Hz)

80

m (

3.5

MH

z –

4 M

Hz)

60

m (

5.3

MH

z ,

5 c

ha

nn

els

)

40

m (

7 M

Hz

– 7

.3 M

Hz)

30

m (

10

.1 M

Hz

– 1

0.1

5 M

Hz)

20

m (

14

MH

z –

14

.35

MH

z)

2 m

(1

44

MH

z –

14

8 M

Hz)

17

m (

18

.06

8 M

Hz

– 1

8.1

68

MH

z)

15

m (

21

MH

z –

21

.45

MH

z)

12

m (

24

.89

MH

z –

24

.9 M

Hz)

10

m (

28

MH

z –

29

.7 M

Hz)

1.2

5 m

(2

22

MH

z –

22

5 M

Hz)

70

cm (

42

0 M

Hz

– 4

50

MH

z)

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

FrequencyWavelength

33

cm

(9

02

MH

z –

92

8 M

Hz)

LF(Low

Frequency)

MF(Medium

Frequency)

HF(High

Frequency)

VHF(Very HighFrequency)

UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)

SHF(Super HighFrequency)

3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz

The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum

100 kHz3000 m

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

10 GHz3 cm

AM

Bro

ad

cast

FM

Bro

ad

cast

TV

Bro

ad

cast

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

16

0 m

(1

.8 M

Hz

– 2

MH

z)

6 m

(5

0 M

Hz

– 5

4 M

Hz)

80

m (

3.5

MH

z –

4 M

Hz)

60

m (

5.3

MH

z ,

5 c

ha

nn

els

)

40

m (

7 M

Hz

– 7

.3 M

Hz)

30

m (

10

.1 M

Hz

– 1

0.1

5 M

Hz)

20

m (

14

MH

z –

14

.35

MH

z)

2 m

(1

44

MH

z –

14

8 M

Hz)

17

m (

18

.06

8 M

Hz

– 1

8.1

68

MH

z)

15

m (

21

MH

z –

21

.45

MH

z)

12

m (

24

.89

MH

z –

24

.9 M

Hz)

10

m (

28

MH

z –

29

.7 M

Hz)

1.2

5 m

(2

22

MH

z –

22

5 M

Hz)

70

c m

(4

20

MH

z –

45

0 M

Hz)

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

FrequencyWavelength

33

cm

(9

02

MH

z –

92

8 M

Hz)

LF(Low

Frequency)

MF(Medium

Frequency)

HF(High

Frequency)

VHF(Very HighFrequency)

UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)

SHF(Super HighFrequency)

3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz

The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum

100 kHz3000 m

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

10 GHz3 cm

AM

Bro

ad

cast

FM

Bro

ad

cast

TV

Bro

ad

cast

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

16

0 m

(1

.8 M

Hz

– 2

MH

z)

6 m

(5

0 M

Hz

– 5

4 M

Hz)

80

m (

3.5

MH

z –

4 M

Hz)

60

m (

5.3

MH

z ,

5 c

ha

nn

els

)

40

m (

7 M

Hz

– 7

.3 M

Hz)

30

m (

10

.1 M

Hz

– 1

0.1

5 M

Hz)

20

m (

14

MH

z –

14

.35

MH

z)

2 m

(1

44

MH

z –

14

8 M

Hz)

17

m (

18

.06

8 M

Hz

– 1

8.1

68

MH

z)

15

m (

21

MH

z –

21

.45

MH

z)

12

m (

24

.89

MH

z –

24

.9 M

Hz)

10

m (

28

MH

z –

29

.7 M

Hz)

1.2

5 m

(2

22

MH

z –

22

5 M

Hz)

70

c m

(4

20

MH

z –

45

0 M

Hz)

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Worldwide Communications

FrequencyWavelength

33

cm

(9

02

MH

z –

92

8 M

Hz)

33

cm

(9

02

MH

z –

92

8 M

Hz)

LF(Low

Frequency)

MF(Medium

Frequency)

HF(High

Frequency)

VHF(Very HighFrequency)

UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)

SHF(Super HighFrequency)

3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz

The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum

100 kHz3000 m

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

10 GHz3 cm

AM

Bro

ad

cast

FM

Bro

ad

cast

TV

Bro

ad

cast

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

16

0 m

(1

.8 M

Hz

– 2

MH

z)

6 m

(5

0 M

Hz

– 5

4 M

Hz)

80

m (

3.5

MH

z –

4 M

Hz)

60

m (

5.3

MH

z ,

5 c

ha

nn

els

)

40

m (

7 M

Hz

– 7

.3 M

Hz)

30

m (

10

.1 M

Hz

– 1

0.1

5 M

Hz)

20

m (

14

MH

z –

14

.35

MH

z)

2 m

(1

44

MH

z –

14

8 M

Hz)

17

m (

18

.06

8 M

Hz

– 1

8.1

68

MH

z)

15

m (

21

MH

z –

21

.45

MH

z)

12

m (

24

.89

MH

z –

24

.9 M

Hz)

10

m (

28

MH

z –

29

.7 M

Hz)

1.2

5 m

(2

22

MH

z –

22

5 M

Hz)

70

c m

(4

20

MH

z –

45

0 M

Hz)

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Worldwide Communications Local Communications

FrequencyWavelength

33

cm

(9

02

MH

z –

92

8 M

Hz)

33

cm

(9

02

MH

z –

92

8 M

Hz)

LF(Low

Frequency)

MF(Medium

Frequency)

HF(High

Frequency)

VHF(Very HighFrequency)

UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)

SHF(Super HighFrequency)

3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz

The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum

100 kHz3000 m

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

10 GHz3 cm

AM

Bro

ad

cast

FM

Bro

ad

cast

TV

Bro

ad

cast

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

16

0 m

(1

.8 M

Hz

– 2

MH

z)

6 m

(5

0 M

Hz

– 5

4 M

Hz)

80

m (

3.5

MH

z –

4 M

Hz)

60

m (

5.3

MH

z ,

5 c

ha

nn

els

)

40

m (

7 M

Hz

– 7

.3 M

Hz)

30

m (

10

.1 M

Hz

– 1

0.1

5 M

Hz)

20

m (

14

MH

z –

14

.35

MH

z)

2 m

(1

44

MH

z –

14

8 M

Hz)

17

m (

18

.06

8 M

Hz

– 1

8.1

68

MH

z)

15

m (

21

MH

z –

21

.45

MH

z)

12

m (

24

.89

MH

z –

24

.9 M

Hz)

10

m (

28

MH

z –

29

.7 M

Hz)

1.2

5 m

(2

22

MH

z –

22

5 M

Hz)

70

c m

(4

20

MH

z –

45

0 M

Hz)

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Worldwide Communications Local Communications

FrequencyWavelength

33

cm

(9

02

MH

z –

92

8 M

Hz)

33

cm

(9

02

MH

z –

92

8 M

Hz)

LF(Low

Frequency)

MF(Medium

Frequency)

HF(High

Frequency)

VHF(Very HighFrequency)

UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)

SHF(Super HighFrequency)

3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz

Technician LicenseTechnician LicenseOperating PrivilegesOperating Privileges

Phone & DataPhone & Data

Technician LicenseTechnician LicenseOperating PrivilegesOperating Privileges

Morse CodeMorse CodeTec

hT

ech

Tec

hT

ech

Tec

hT

ech

Technician LicenseTechnician LicenseOperating PrivilegesOperating Privileges

Phone & DataPhone & Data

Technician LicenseTechnician LicenseOperating PrivilegesOperating Privileges

Morse CodeMorse CodeTec

hT

ech

Tec

hT

ech

Tec

hT

ech

The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum

100 kHz3000 m

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

10 GHz3 cm

AM

Bro

ad

cast

FM

Bro

ad

cast

TV

Bro

ad

cast

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

Cel

lula

r P

hone

s

1 MHz300 m

10 MHz30 m

100 MHz3 m

1 GHz30 cm

16

0 m

(1

.8 M

Hz

– 2

MH

z)

6 m

(5

0 M

Hz

– 5

4 M

Hz)

80

m (

3.5

MH

z –

4 M

Hz)

60

m (

5.3

MH

z ,

5 c

ha

nn

els

)

40

m (

7 M

Hz

– 7

.3 M

Hz)

30

m (

10

.1 M

Hz

– 1

0.1

5 M

Hz)

20

m (

14

MH

z –

14

.35

MH

z)

17

m (

18

.06

8 M

Hz

– 1

8.1

68

MH

z)

15

m (

21

MH

z –

21

.45

MH

z)

12

m (

24

.89

MH

z –

24

.9 M

Hz)

10

m (

28

MH

z –

29

.7 M

Hz)

1.2

5 m

(2

22

MH

z –

22

5 M

Hz)

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Ham

Ban

ds

Worldwide Communications Local Communications

2 m

(1

44

MH

z –

14

8 M

Hz)

2 m

(1

44

MH

z –

14

8 M

Hz)

70

c m

(4

20

MH

z –

45

0 M

Hz)

70

c m

(4

20

MH

z –

45

0 M

Hz)

FCARC RepeatersFCARC Repeaters

FrequencyWavelength

33

cm

(9

02

MH

z –

92

8 M

Hz)

33

cm

(9

02

MH

z –

92

8 M

Hz)

LF(Low

Frequency)

MF(Medium

Frequency)

HF(High

Frequency)

VHF(Very HighFrequency)

UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)

SHF(Super HighFrequency)

3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz