FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT Contemporary Architectural Pioneer and Modernist of the Century By Frankie.
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Transcript of FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT Contemporary Architectural Pioneer and Modernist of the Century By Frankie.
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FRANK LLOYD WRIGHTContemporary Architectural Pioneer and
Modernist of the Century
By Frankie
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Why I Chose This Topic
• Interest in modern and minimalist architecture
• Styles and designs are often overlooked
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Architecture before the 1900s
• Incorporated historical styles and developed new materials and structural methods
• Styles: Gothic, Victorian, Colonial Revival, Neoclassical (grand facades/very ostentatious), Queen Anne (ornate with large exteriors), and Vernacular (generic and plain cottages)
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• Building methods: layout and foundation, organic materials, and duration of construction
• Industrialization ---> shift from highly ornate to more minimalistic
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• Rise of skyscrapers
• Residential homes and professional buildings evolved to meet clientele desires
• Social status, location, cost, and taste
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Biography
• Born on July 8, 1867 in Wisconsin
• Wright's parents influenced his creativity and growing mind
• Froebel blocks and classical music
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"Homes and professional buildings included geometric shapes throughout the whole design
along with lines that emphasized melodic beauty."
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• Began course study at Wisconsin State University ---> lack of funds later sent Wright to Chicago
• Began to work for Chicago architect Louis Sullivan
• Opened his personal work studio in 1894
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Frank Lloyd Wright Home and StudioOak Park, Illinois
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Style
• Wright became known for his unconventional and geometric style of architecture
• Universal philosophy: "Form follows function"
• Proposed by Louis Sullivan
• Emphasized the shape of a building based on its intended function
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• Wright believed otherwise...
• "Proceed, persist, [and] create, according to the nature of man and his circumstances as they both change"
• Architecture would evolve to meet the demands of man and time
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Organic Architecture
• Revolved around nature and the unity between a building site and epoch
• Included open spaces, and absence of basement and attic, and "the destruction of the boxy shape"
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FallingwaterMill Run, Pennsylvania
Taliesin WestScottsdale, Arizona
Massaro HouseLake Mahopac, New York
Taliesin EastIowa County, Wisconsin
ca. 1911 - 1996
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• "[Organic architecture was the] reinterpretation of nature's principles as they had been filtered through the intelligent minds of men and women who could then build forms which are more natural than nature itself."
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Prairie School Architecture
• Based on the vast and open areas of the Midwest prairies
• Included low roofs, rows of windows, foundations composed of organic materials, and lines that gradually blended into the environment
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Frederick C. Robie HouseHyde Park, Illinois
Darwin Martin HouseBuffalo, New York
Unity TempleOak Park, Illinois
Larkin Administration BuildingBuffalo, New York
ca. 1903-1908
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Modern Architecture • At the end of the 20th century,
industrialization was a leading power in society and global advancement
• Styles: structuralism (structure over function), formalism, Bauhaus (simplicity), international, brutalism (violent imagery), and minimalism
• Notable features: simplistic ornamentation, factory produced parts, organic materials, functionalism, and the rejection of conventional ideas (classical/traditional)
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Villa SavoyeLe Corbusier
Minimalism
Bauhaus
Brutalism Structuralism
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Post Modernism 1970 - Present
• Objective: surprise and amuse viewers, while at the same time displaying shapes and details in unique ways
• Glance into future concepts: collision of styles, vast ornamentation, an abstract and vulgar appearance, and color juxtaposition between black and white
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Influence 1900s-present
• Wright is arguably the most influential out of all modern architects...
• Style not only paved the way for future designs in the making, but also popularized transforming techniques still used today
• Psychologically large surface areas serving a multitude of functions
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• Designed and supplied purpose-built furniture
• Promoted the use of zinc, preset concrete blocks, and glass bricks
• Methods revolved around the theme of nature and its capacity to change a building
• Inclusion of wide spaces, natural light through glass windows, open floor designs, and application of organic materials
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Competition / Counterarguments
• Louis Sullivan, Walter Gropius, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
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Louis Sullivan • Often considered
the "father of modern architecture," more so than Wright
• Instilled much of the values and techniques Wright had popularized through his work
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• Sullivan also stressed ornamentation and coined the philosophy of "Form follows function"
• Wright was more central to a simplistic style and is often credited with said philosophy
• Sullivan also sought to find solutions to architecture through his modernist approach, oftentimes contradictory
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Walter Gropius • Known for Bauhaus,
but constructed a limited amount of buildings
• "[came] across as slightly utopian with an obsession for functional aesthetics
• Wright surpassed Gropius in that he did not create architecture that was "good for the people" but "beautiful"
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Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
• Philosophy of "less is more"
• Rejected ornately designed exteriors and an ostentatious appearance
• Did not implement organic materials into his work, like many others of the time did
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• Criticized for his contradictory ideas, imitating free open spaces and hiding modern techniques under a traditional facade
• Wright's designs were more timeless and cleverly incorporated wide areas
• Imitating another architect's style was also distasteful and a lack of originality
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Conclusion
• Inspired contemporary architects to challenge tradition and go beyond the limits
• "I would like to have a free architecture. Architecture that belonged to where you see it standing-and is a grace to the landscape instead of a disgrace."
• The pioneers of today cannot advance without minimal help from those of yesterday
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