Frank Lloyd wright(1867- 1959)

About frank Lloyd wright

• Frank Lloyd Wright-American architect, interior designer, writer and educator.

• designed more than 1,000 structures and completed 532 works.

• Believed in designing structures in harmony with humanity and its environment : organic architecture.

About frank Lloyd wright

•Philosophy best exemplified by Falling water (1935): "the best all-time work of American architecture".

•a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture, developed the concept of the Usonian home : his unique vision for urban planning in the United States.

Education and work for Silsbee (1885–1888)

• Was admitted to the University of Wisconsin–Madison as a special student in 1886.

• Joined Phi Delta Theta fraternity took part-time classes for 2 sems.

Education and work for Silsbee (1885–1888)

•Worked with Allan D. Conover, a professor of civil engineering. •Arrived in Chicago in search of employment.•First impressions of Chicago: grimy neighborhoods, crowded streets, and disappointing architecture, yet he was determined to find work.•Hired as a draftsman with the architectural firm of Joseph Lyman Silsbee.

Education and work for Silsbee (1885–1888)

•Accredited as the draftsman and the construction supervisor—1886 Unity Chapel for Wright's family in Spring Green, Wisconsin•2 other family projects: the All Souls Church in Chicago for his and the Hillside Home School in Spring Green.•Feeling he was underpaid at Silsbee (at $8 a week), quit and found work as a designer at the firm of Beers, Clay, and Dutton. •Soon realized was not ready to handle building design by himself; left new job to return to Silsbee—with a raise in salary.

Education and work for Silsbee (1885–1888)

•Silsbee adhered mainly to Victorian and revivalist architecture, Wright found his work to be more "gracefully picturesque".•After less than a year, passed in Silsbee's office, learned that the Chicago firm of Adler & Sullivan was looking for someone to make the finish drawings for the interior of the Auditorium. •Demonstrated himself as competent impressionist of Louis Sullivan's ornamental designs 2 short interviews later, was an official apprentice in the firm.

Publishing• 1910 :Ausgefuhrte Bauten

und Enturfe, portfolio and writings on architecture.

• 1911: Ausgefuhrte Bauten, more extensive photograph collection of his work.

• 1925: Portfolio, ausgefuhrte Bauten republished in Holland, including an English translation.

• 1932: An Autobiography• 1932: The Disappearing

City

Taliesin School of Architecture•1932: Wright and his wife started the Taliesin Fellowship, which then became the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture.•The farm was a self-sustaining entity, with the apprentices growing and harvesting their own food. •They also learned drafting, construction methods, and other crafts, as well as overseeing the construction of Wright’s projects.

TALIESIN WEST - LIVING ROOMSCOTTSDALE ARIZONA

“Education at Taliesin would emphasize painting, sculpture, music, drama, and dance in their places as divisions of architecture.” - Frank Lloyd Wright (1931).

TALIESIN, FARM AND OUTBUILDINGS

RENDERED BY FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT (1933)

Organic Architecture

Return from Japan, gave many lectures and interviews on architecture.Began describing what he called, “Organic Architecture”: The theme for the rest of his career.

HOUSE RISING OUT OF THE HILL NATURALLYOLFELFT HOUSE (1958)

HOUSE SITS ON ROCK “CLIFF” RISING FROM THE SEA AND COVERED WITH GREEN CANOPY ROOF

WALKER HOUSE (1948)

ROUGH ROCK AND CONCRETE BLEND WITH HARSH DESERT ENVIRONMENTS, SLATTED WINDOWS PROTECT FROM HARSH SUN.

TALIESIN WEST

How he defined Organic Architecture changed often, as he refined it, and also as the situation demanded. •Integral to Site - houses designed to rise up out of the site as it belonging.•Integral to environment - built appropriately to climate.•Integral to Individual - Each building built to accommodate the lifestyle of the inhabitants way of life and needs.•Integral to Materials - details of the building were the materials themselves

“one that is integral to site; integral to environment; integral to the life of the inhabitants. A house integralwith the nature of materials wherein glass is used as

glass, stone as stone, wood as wood and all the elements of environment go into and throughout the house. Into this new integrity, once there, those who

live in it will take root and grow. And most of all belonging to the nature of its being.” Frank Lloyd

Wright

Usonian houses• With the stock-market crash of 1929, Frank

Lloyd Wright turned his interest to low cost housing for the masses. He called these houses, Usonian, being of the USA. The first of these was the Jacob’s house (1936).

• The entire project cost $5,500, this included Wrights fee of $450. In the next 30 years over 50 houses were built, and a hundred more designed, on the precepts of the Jacob’s home. These homes were innovated and ahead of their time, as Wright created homes to fulfill the needs of a changing American society. Following the demands of Organic Architecture, each of the houses were individual and unique. However, they did have common elements that united them.

STANDARD USONIAN WALL SECTION

BATTEN BOARD WALLS, CLEARSTORY WINDOWS AND OVERHANGING, FLAT EAVES DEFINED THE USONIAN

HOUSESSCHWARTZ HOUSE (1939)

Usonian houses

• Designed on a Module system • Deep Eaves • Open Plan • Connection to Nature • Efficient design of Bedrooms and

Bathrooms• Passive Heating Economical

Materials

Usonian Housing PlansAs time passed, Frank Lloyd Wright adapted the Usonian concepts from the original 2’x’4’ design to six general styles.

POLLIWOG DESIGN2’X 4’ LAYOUT WITH 90 DEGREE “TAIL” EXTENDING INTO

GARDEN SEPARATING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AREAS OF THE HOUSE

ABOVE AND TOP: JACOB’S HOUSE (1936)

DIAGONAL DESIGNSIMILAR TO POLLIWOG LAYOUT

BUT BASED ON A PARALLELOGRAM AND WALLS ANGLES RATHER THAN 90

DEGREES.Right: Snowflake House (1941)

In-Line Designhouse designed for narrower lots, square layout without tail.

ABOVE : GOETSCH-WINKLER HOUSE (1939)

Usonian Housing Plans

RAISED DESIGNTWO-STORY DESIGN MADE TO

ACCOMMODATE SLOPED PROPERTY LOTSAbove: Lloyd Lewis house (1940)

HEXAGONAL DESIGNAbove: Hanna house (1936)

SOLAR HEMI-CIRCLE DESIGN

FIRST BUILT FOR JACOB’S FAMILY WHEN THEY

OUTGREW THE ORIGINAL USONIAN DESIGN, BUILT

AROUND A CIRCLE COURTYARD.

Above right: Jacob’s House II (1940)

Lower Right: David Wright House (1950)

Broad acre City• 1935: took his concepts of

organic design and Usonian Architecture and applied them to the design of the new American city.

• Abandoned the crowded, unhealthy conditions of the metropolitan life.

• Each residence was located on a one acre lot, giving them lots of space to have a personal garden and privacy.

Above: Broad acre City Rendering(1935)Frank Lloyd Wright

• The lots were accessed by arterial roads that connected to a main highway, which had a monorail for public transportation and freight traffic.

• Public venues such as government, entertainment, and recreation were located in one central location.

• Various townships were designed and built based on his ideas. Above: Broadacre City Plot Design (1935)

Frank LLoyd WrightONE-ACRE PLOT PER HOUSE

Popular Successes

• During latter years of his life he had become a household name.

• His plans were published in home and garden magazines, was interviewed on radio and television.

• Built hundreds of homes and buildings, and preached constantly the values of Usonian design and Organic Architecture.

• Two buildings however Stood above the rest in the minds of the general public that made him the great American architect.

•Designed and under construction the same time the Jacob's house was built there is a remarkable contrast and similarities to Wrights Usonian Plan.

•It was ornate, opulent and costly rather than simple and inexpensive. Both did have open plans and Falling Water was integral to its site as a building could be, truly organic.

Falling Waters (1935)

The Guggenheim Museum

• At first glance appears very different in style, but examination shows a very Organic Architecture and commonalities to Usonian houses.

• Based on the Module of the circle similar the Hemi-circle House. This can be seen in plan, fencing, dome ceiling, flooring pattern, and with curving ramps for circulation around Central, rather than exterior courtyard exterior.

Bibliography• Frank Lloyd Wright

Foundation Official Website• Frank Lloyd Wright,

Wisconsin Historical Society• Frank Lloyd Wright Building

Conservancy• Works by or about Frank

Lloyd Wright in libraries (World Cat catalog)

• Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust – FLW Home and Studio, Robie House

Above: Tracy House (1954)

Above: Pearce House (1950)

THANK YOU

BY:•SANKET SINGH•SURBHI JAIN•SAUMYA SARASWAT