The making of the conversation an interview with francis ford coppola by brian de palma
Francis Ford Coppola
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Francis Ford Coppola Francis Ford Coppola (/ˈkoʊpələ/; born April 7, 1939) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. He was part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking. After directing The Rain People in 1969, he won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay as co- writer, with Edmund H. North, of Patton in 1970. His directorial prominence was cemented with the release in 1972 of The Godfather, a film which revolutionized movie-making in the gangster genre, [1] earning praise from both critics and the public before winning three Academy Awards—including his second Oscar (Best Adapted Screenplay, with Mario Puzo), Best Picture, and his first nomination for Best Director. He followed with The Godfather Part II in 1974, which became the first sequel to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. Highly regarded by critics, it brought him three more Academy Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Director and Best Picture, and made him the second director, after Billy Wilder, to be honored three times for the same film. The Conversation, which he directed, pro- duced and wrote, was released that same year, winning the Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival. He next directed 1979’s Apocalypse Now. Notorious for its over- long and strenuous production, the film was nonetheless critically acclaimed for its vivid and stark depiction of the Vietnam War, winning the Palme d'Or at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival. Coppola is one of only eight film- makers to win two Palme d'Or awards. While a number of Coppola’s ventures in the 1980s and 1990s were critically lauded, he has never quite achieved the same commercial success with films as in the 1970s. [2][3][4] His most well-known films released since the 1980s are the dramas The Outsiders and Rumble Fish (both 1983), the crime-drama The Cotton Club (1984), and the horror film Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992). 1 Early life Coppola was born in Detroit, Michigan, to father Carmine Coppola, [5] a flautist with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, and mother Italia (née Pennino). Coppola is the second of three children: his older brother was August Coppola, his younger sister is actress Talia Shire. Born into a family of Italian immigrant ancestry, his paternal grandparents came to the United States from Bernalda, Basilicata. [6] His maternal grandfather, popular Italian composer Francesco Pennino, immigrated from Naples, Italy. [7] Coppola received his middle name in honor of Henry Ford, not only because he was born in the Henry Ford Hospital but also because of his musician-father’s association with the automobile manufacturer. At the time of Coppola’s birth, his father was a flautist as well as arranger and assistant orchestra director for The Ford Sunday Evening Hour, an hour-long concert music radio series sponsored by the Ford Motor Company. [8][9][10] Two years after Coppola’s birth, his father was named principal flautist for the NBC Symphony Orchestra and the family moved to New York, settling in Woodside, Queens, where Coppola spent the remainder of his child- hood. Contracting polio as a boy, Coppola was bedridden for large periods of his childhood, allowing him to indulge his imagination with homemade puppet theater produc- tions. Reading A Streetcar Named Desire at age 15 was instrumental in developing his interest in theater. [11] Ea- ger to be involved in film-craft, he created 8mm fea- tures edited from home movies with such titles as The Rich Millionaire and The Lost Wallet. [12] As a child, Cop- pola was a mediocre student, but he was so interested in technology and engineering that his friends nicknamed him “Science”. [13] Trained initially for a career in mu- sic, he became proficient on the tuba and won a mu- sic scholarship to the New York Military Academy. [12] Overall, Coppola attended 23 other schools [14] before he eventually graduated from the Great Neck North High School. [15] He entered Hofstra College in 1955 with a ma- jor in theater arts. There he was awarded a scholarship in playwriting. This furthered his interest in directing the- ater despite the disapproval of his father, who wanted him to study engineering. [16] Coppola was profoundly impressed after seeing Sergei Eisenstein's October: Ten Days That Shook the World, especially with the movie’s quality of editing. It was at this time Coppola decided he would go into cinema rather than theater. [16] Coppola says he was tremendously influenced to become a writer early on by his brother, August, [14] in whose footsteps he would also follow by attending both of his brother’s alma maters: Hofstra and UCLA. Coppola also gives credit to the work of Elia Kazan and for its influence on him as a director. [14] Amongst Coppola’s classmates at Hof- stra were James Caan, Lainie Kazan and radio artist Joe Frank. [15][17] He later cast Lainie Kazan in One from the Heart and Caan in The Rain People and The Godfather. While pursuing his bachelor’s degree, Coppola was elected president of The Green Wig (the university’s drama group) and the Kaleidoscopians (its musical com- 1
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Transcript of Francis Ford Coppola
Francis Ford Coppola
Francis Ford Coppola (/ˈkoʊpələ/; born April 7, 1939)is an American film director, producer and screenwriter.He was part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking.After directing The Rain People in 1969, he won theAcademy Award for Best Original Screenplay as co-writer, with Edmund H. North, of Patton in 1970. Hisdirectorial prominence was cemented with the releasein 1972 of The Godfather, a film which revolutionizedmovie-making in the gangster genre,[1] earning praisefrom both critics and the public before winning threeAcademy Awards—including his second Oscar (BestAdapted Screenplay, with Mario Puzo), Best Picture, andhis first nomination for Best Director.He followed with The Godfather Part II in 1974, whichbecame the first sequel to win the Academy Award forBest Picture. Highly regarded by critics, it brought himthree more Academy Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay,Best Director and Best Picture, and made him the seconddirector, after Billy Wilder, to be honored three times forthe same film. The Conversation, which he directed, pro-duced and wrote, was released that same year, winningthe Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival. He nextdirected 1979’s Apocalypse Now. Notorious for its over-long and strenuous production, the film was nonethelesscritically acclaimed for its vivid and stark depiction ofthe Vietnam War, winning the Palme d'Or at the 1979Cannes Film Festival. Coppola is one of only eight film-makers to win two Palme d'Or awards.While a number of Coppola’s ventures in the 1980sand 1990s were critically lauded, he has never quiteachieved the same commercial success with films as in the1970s.[2][3][4] His most well-known films released sincethe 1980s are the dramas The Outsiders and Rumble Fish(both 1983), the crime-drama The Cotton Club (1984),and the horror film Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992).
1 Early life
Coppola was born in Detroit, Michigan, to fatherCarmine Coppola,[5] a flautist with the Detroit SymphonyOrchestra, and mother Italia (née Pennino). Coppola isthe second of three children: his older brother was AugustCoppola, his younger sister is actress Talia Shire. Borninto a family of Italian immigrant ancestry, his paternalgrandparents came to the United States from Bernalda,Basilicata.[6] His maternal grandfather, popular Italiancomposer Francesco Pennino, immigrated from Naples,
Italy.[7] Coppola received his middle name in honor ofHenry Ford, not only because he was born in the HenryFord Hospital but also because of his musician-father’sassociation with the automobile manufacturer. At thetime of Coppola’s birth, his father was a flautist as wellas arranger and assistant orchestra director for The FordSunday Evening Hour, an hour-long concert music radioseries sponsored by the Ford Motor Company.[8][9][10]
Two years after Coppola’s birth, his father was namedprincipal flautist for the NBC Symphony Orchestra andthe family moved to New York, settling in Woodside,Queens, where Coppola spent the remainder of his child-hood.Contracting polio as a boy, Coppola was bedridden forlarge periods of his childhood, allowing him to indulgehis imagination with homemade puppet theater produc-tions. Reading A Streetcar Named Desire at age 15 wasinstrumental in developing his interest in theater.[11] Ea-ger to be involved in film-craft, he created 8mm fea-tures edited from home movies with such titles as TheRich Millionaire and The Lost Wallet.[12] As a child, Cop-pola was a mediocre student, but he was so interested intechnology and engineering that his friends nicknamedhim “Science”.[13] Trained initially for a career in mu-sic, he became proficient on the tuba and won a mu-sic scholarship to the New York Military Academy.[12]
Overall, Coppola attended 23 other schools[14] before heeventually graduated from the Great Neck North HighSchool.[15] He entered Hofstra College in 1955 with a ma-jor in theater arts. There he was awarded a scholarship inplaywriting. This furthered his interest in directing the-ater despite the disapproval of his father, who wantedhim to study engineering.[16] Coppola was profoundlyimpressed after seeing Sergei Eisenstein's October: TenDays That Shook the World, especially with the movie’squality of editing. It was at this time Coppola decidedhe would go into cinema rather than theater.[16] Coppolasays he was tremendously influenced to become a writerearly on by his brother, August,[14] in whose footsteps hewould also follow by attending both of his brother’s almamaters: Hofstra and UCLA. Coppola also gives creditto the work of Elia Kazan and for its influence on himas a director.[14] Amongst Coppola’s classmates at Hof-stra were James Caan, Lainie Kazan and radio artist JoeFrank.[15][17] He later cast Lainie Kazan in One from theHeart and Caan in The Rain People and The Godfather.While pursuing his bachelor’s degree, Coppola waselected president of The Green Wig (the university’sdrama group) and the Kaleidoscopians (its musical com-
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edy club). He then merged the two into The Spec-trum Players and under his leadership, they staged a newproduction each week. Coppola also founded the cin-ema workshop at Hofstra and contributed prolifically tothe campus literary magazine.[12] He won three D. H.Lawrence Awards for theatrical production and direc-tion and received a Beckerman Award for his outstand-ing contributions to the school’s theater arts division.[18]
While a graduate student, one of his teachers was DorothyArzner, whose encouragement Coppola later acknowl-edged as pivotal to his film career.[11]
2 Career
2.1 1960s
Coppola enrolled in UCLA Film School for graduatework in film.[12] There he directed a short horror filmcalled The Two Christophers inspired by Edgar AllanPoe's "William Wilson", and Ayamonn the Terrible, a filmabout a sculptor’s nightmares coming to life,[13] beforedirecting the experimental softcore comedy Tonight forSure in 1962.[15]
At UCLA, Coppola met Jim Morrison. He later usedMorrison’s song "The End" in Apocalypse Now.[19]
The company that hired him for Tonight for Sure broughthim back to re-cut a German film titled Mit Eva fing dieSünde an directed by Fritz Umgelter. He added somenew 3-D color footage and earned a writer’s and director’scredit for The Bellboy and the Playgirls, also a box-officefailure. Coppola was hired as an assistant by Roger Cor-man and his first job for Corman was to dub and re-edit aRussian science fiction film, Nebo zovyot, which he turnedinto a sex-and-violence monster movie entitled Battle Be-yond the Sun, released in 1962.[15][20] Impressed by Cop-pola’s perseverance and dedication, Corman hired himas dialogue director on Tower of London (1962), soundman for The Young Racers (1963) and associate producerof The Terror (1963).[18]
While on location in Ireland for The Young Racers in1963, Corman, ever alert for an opportunity to produce adecent movie on a shoestring budget, persuaded Coppolato make a low-budget horror movie with funds left overfrom the movie.[18] Coppola wrote a brief draft story ideain one night, incorporating elements from Hitchcock’sPsycho,[21] and the result impressed Corman enough togive him the go-ahead. On a budget of $40,000 ($20,000from Corman and $20,000 from another producer whowanted to buy the movie’s English rights),[21] Coppoladirected in a period of nine days Dementia 13, his firstfeature from his own screenplay. The film recouped itsexpenses and later became a cult film among horror buffs.It was on the sets of Dementia 13 that he met his futurewife Eleanor Jessie Neil.In 1965, Coppola won the annual Samuel Goldwyn
Award for the best screenplay (Pilma, Pilma) writtenby a UCLA student.[12] This secured him a job as ascriptwriter with Seven Arts. In between, he co-wrotethe scripts for This Property Is Condemned (1966) and IsParis Burning? (1966). However, with fame still elud-ing him and partly out of desperation, Coppola boughtthe rights to the David Benedictus novel You're a Big BoyNow and fused it with a story idea of his own, resultingin You're a Big Boy Now (1966). This was his UCLAthesis project that also received a theatrical release viaWarner Bros.[15] This movie brought him some criticalacclaim and eventually his Master of Fine Arts Degreefrom UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television in1967.[18][22]
Following the success of You're a Big Boy Now, Coppolawas offered the reins of the movie version of the Broad-way musical Finian’s Rainbow, starring Petula Clark inher first American film and veteran Fred Astaire. Pro-ducer Jack L. Warner was nonplussed by Coppola’sshaggy-haired, bearded, “hippie” appearance and gener-ally left him to his own devices. He took his cast to theNapa Valley for much of the outdoor shooting, but thesescenes were in sharp contrast to those obviously filmedon a Hollywood soundstage, resulting in a disjointed lookto the film. Dealing with outdated material at a timewhen the popularity of film musicals was already on thedownslide, Coppola’s result was only semi-successful, buthis work with Clark no doubt contributed to her GoldenGlobe Best Actress nomination. The film introduced tohim George Lucas, who became his lifelong friend as wellas production assistant in his next film The Rain People in1969. It was written, directed and initially produced byCoppola himself, though as the movie advanced, he ex-ceeded his budget and the studio had to underwrite the re-mainder of the movie.[15] The film won the Golden Shellat the 1969 San Sebastian Film Festival.In 1969, Coppola took it upon himself to subvert thestudio system which he felt had stifled his visions, in-tending to produce mainstream pictures to finance off-beat projects and give first-time directors their chanceto direct. He decided he would name his future studio“Zoetrope” after receiving a gift of zoetropes from Mo-gens Scot-Hansen, founder of a studio called LanternaFilm and owner of a famous collection of early motionpicture-making equipment. While touring Europe, Cop-pola was introduced to alternative filmmaking equipmentand inspired by the bohemian spirit of Lanterna Film, hedecided he would build a deviant studio that would con-ceive and implement creative, unconventional approachesto filmmaking. Upon his return home, Coppola andGeorge Lucas searched for a mansion in Marin Countyto house the studio. However, in 1969, with equipmentflowing in and no mansion found yet, the first home forZoetrope Studio became a warehouse in San Francisco onFolsom Street.[23] The studio went on to become an earlyadopter of digital filmmaking, including some of the ear-liest uses of HDTV. In his book The American Cinema,
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Andrew Sarris wrote, "[Coppola] is probably the first rea-sonably talented and sensibly adaptable directorial talentto emerge from a university curriculum in film-making...[He] may be heard from more decisively in the future.”[24]
2.2 1970s
Coppola epitomized a group of filmmakers known asthe "New Hollywood" that emerged in the early 1970swith ideas that challenged conventional film-making. Thegroup included Steven Spielberg, Martin Scorsese, BrianDe Palma, Terrence Malick, Robert Altman, WoodyAllen, William Friedkin, Philip Kaufman and GeorgeLucas.[15][25]
2.2.1 Patton (1970)
Main article: Patton (film)
Coppola co-wrote the script for Patton in 1970 along withEdmund H. North. This earned him his first AcademyAward for Best Original Screenplay. However, it was noteasy for Coppola to convince Franklin J. Schaffner thatthe opening scene would work. Coppola later revealed inan interview:[26]
I wrote the script of Patton. And thescript was very controversial when I wrote it,because they thought it was so stylized. It wassupposed to be like, sort of, you know, TheLongest Day. And my script of Patton was—Iwas sort of interested in the reincarnation.And I had this very bizarre opening where hestands up in front of an American flag andgives this speech. Ultimately, I wasn't fired,but I was fired, meaning that when the scriptwas done, they said, “Okay, thank you verymuch,” and they went and hired another writerand that script was forgotten. And I remembervery vividly this long, kind of being raked overthe coals for this opening scene.
“When the title role was offered to George C. Scott, he re-membered having read Coppola’s screenplay earlier. Hestated flatly that he would accept the part only if they usedCoppola’s script. 'Scott is the one who resurrected myversion,' says Coppola.”[27]
The movie opens with Scott’s rendering of Patton’s fa-mous military “Pep Talk” to members of the Third Army,set against a huge American flag. Coppola and Northhad to tone down Patton’s actual language to avoid anR rating; in the opening monologue, the word “fornicat-ing” replaced “fucking” when criticizing the The SaturdayEvening Post. Over the years, this opening monologue has
become an iconic scene and has spawned parodies in nu-merous films, political cartoons and television shows.
2.2.2 The Godfather (1972)
Main article: The Godfather
The release of The Godfather in 1972 was a milestonein cinema. The near 3-hour-long epic, which chronicledthe saga of the Corleone family, received overwhelminglypositive reviews from critics and fetched Coppola theAcademy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, which heshared with Mario Puzo and two Golden Globe Awards:for Best Director and Best Screenplay. However, Cop-pola had to face a lot of difficulties while filming TheGodfather. He was not Paramount’s first choice to directthe movie; Italian director Sergio Leone was initially of-fered the job, but declined in order to direct his own gang-ster opus, Once Upon a Time in America.[28] Peter Bog-danovich was then approached but he also declined theoffer and made What’s Up, Doc? instead; Bogdanovichhas often said that he would have cast Edward G. Robin-son in the lead had he accepted the film. According toRobert Evans, head of Paramount Pictures at the time,Coppola also did not initially want to direct the film be-cause he feared it would glorify the Mafia and violenceand thus reflect poorly on his Sicilian and Italian her-itage; on the other hand, Evans specifically wanted anItalian-American to direct the film because his researchhad shown that previous films about the Mafia that weredirected by non-Italians had fared dismally at the boxoffice and he wanted to, in his own words, “smell thespaghetti”. When Coppola hit upon the idea of making ita metaphor for American capitalism, however, he eagerlyagreed to take the helm.[29]
There was disagreement between Paramount and Cop-pola on the issue of casting; Coppola stuck to his planof casting Marlon Brando as Vito Corleone, thoughParamount wanted either Ernest Borgnine or DannyThomas. At one point, Coppola was told by the then-president of Paramount that “Marlon Brando will neverappear in this motion picture”. After pleading with theexecutives, Coppola was allowed to cast Brando only if heappeared in the film for much less salary than his previousfilms, perform a screen-test and put up a bond saying thathe would not cause a delay in the production (as he haddone on previous film sets).[30] Coppola chose Brandoover Ernest Borgnine on the basis of Brando’s screen test,which also won over the Paramount leadership. Brandolater won an Academy Award for his portrayal, which herefused to accept. Coppola would later recollect:[21]
The Godfather was a very unappreciatedmovie when we were making it. They werevery unhappy with it. They didn't like the cast.They didn't like the way I was shooting it. Iwas always on the verge of getting fired. So it
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was an extremely nightmarish experience. Ihad two little kids, and the third one was bornduring that. We lived in a little apartment, andI was basically frightened that they didn't likeit. They had as much as said that, so when itwas all over I wasn't at all confident that it wasgoing to be successful, and that I'd ever getanother job.
After it was released, the film received widespread praise.It went on to win multiple awards, including AcademyAward for Best Adapted Screenplay for Coppola. Thefilm routinely features at the top in various polls for thegreatest movies ever. It has been selected for preservationin the United States National Film Registry. In addition,it was ranked third, behind Citizen Kane, and Casablancaon the initial AFI’s 100 Years…100 Movies list by theAmerican Film Institute. It was moved up to second whenthe list was published again, in 2008.[31] Director StanleyKubrick believed that The Godfather was possibly thegreatest movie ever made and had without question thebest cast.[32]
2.2.3 The Conversation (1974)
Main article: The Conversation
Coppola’s next film, The Conversation, further cementedhis position as one of the most talented auteurs ofHollywood.[33] The movie was partly influenced byMichelangelo Antonioni's Blowup (1966)[34] and gener-ated a lot of speculation and interest when news leakedthat the film utilized the very same surveillance and wire-tapping equipment that members of the Nixon admin-istration used to spy on political opponents prior to theWatergate scandal. Coppola insisted that this was purelycoincidental. The script for The Conversation, was com-pleted in the mid-1960s (before the election of RichardNixon); the spying equipment used in the film was devel-oped through research and use of technical advisers andnot by revelatory newspaper stories about the Watergatebreak-in. However, the audience interpreted the film tobe a reaction to both the Watergate scandal and its fall-out. The movie was a critical success and Coppola wonhis first Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival.
2.2.4 The Great Gatsby (1974)
Main article: The Great Gatsby (1974 film)
During the filming of The Conversation, Coppola wrotethe screenplay for The Great Gatsby. However, in thecommentary track to the DVD of The Godfather Coppolastates, “I don't think that script was [actually] made.”[35]
2.2.5 The Godfather Part II (1974)
Main article: The Godfather Part II
Coppola shot The Godfather Part II parallel to The Con-versation and it was the last major American motion pic-ture to be filmed in Technicolor. George Lucas com-mented on the film after its five-hour-long preview, tellingCoppola: “You have two films. Take one away, it doesn'twork”, referring to the movie’s portrayal of two parallelstorylines; one of a young Vito Corleone and the otherof his son Michael. In the director’s commentary onthe DVD edition of the film (released in 2002), Cop-pola states that this film was the first major motion pic-ture to use “Part II” in its title. Paramount was initiallyopposed to his decision to name the movie The Godfa-ther Part II. According to Coppola, the studio’s objectionstemmed from the belief that audiences would be reluc-tant to see a film with such a title, as the audience wouldsupposedly believe that, having already seen The God-father, there was little reason to see an addition to theoriginal story. However, the success of The GodfatherPart II began the Hollywood tradition of numbered se-quels. The movie was released in 1974 and went on toreceive tremendous critical acclaim, with many deemingit superior to its predecessor.[36] It was nominated for 11Academy Awards and received 6 Oscars, including 3 forCoppola: Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay and BestDirector.The Godfather Part II is ranked as the #1 greatest movieof all time in TV Guide’s “50 Best Movies of AllTime”[37] and is ranked at #7 on Entertainment Weekly’slist of the “100 Greatest Movies of All Time”.[38] Thefilm is also featured on movie critic Leonard Maltin's listof the “100 Must-See Films of the 20th Century”,[39] aswell as Roger Ebert’s “Great Movies” list.[40] It was alsofeatured on Sight & Sound's list of the ten greatest filmsof all time in 2002, ranking at #4.[41]
Coppola was the third director to have two nominationsfor Best Picture in the same year. Victor Fleming was thefirst in 1939 with Gone With the Wind and The Wizardof Oz; Alfred Hitchcock repeated the feat the next yearwith Foreign Correspondent and Rebecca. Since Coppola,two other directors have done the same: Herbert Rossin 1977 with The Goodbye Girl and The Turning Point,and Steven Soderbergh in 2000 with Erin Brockovich andTraffic. Coppola, however, is the only one to have pro-duced the pictures.
2.2.6 Apocalypse Now (1979)
Main article: Apocalypse Now
Following the success of The Godfather, The Conversa-tion and The Godfather Part II, Coppola began filmingApocalypse Now, an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's Heart
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of Darkness set in Cambodia during the Vietnam War(Coppola himself briefly appears as a TV news direc-tor). The production of the film was plagued by numer-ous problems, including typhoons, nervous breakdowns,the firing of Harvey Keitel, Martin Sheen's heart attack,extras from the Philippine military and half of the sup-plied helicopters leaving in the middle of scenes to gofight rebels and an unprepared Brando with a bloated ap-pearance (which Coppola attempted to hide by shoot-ing him in the shadows). It was delayed so often it wasnicknamedApocalypseWhen?[42] The 1991 documentaryfilm Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker’s Apocalypse, di-rected by Eleanor Coppola (Francis’s wife), Fax Bahrand George Hickenlooper, chronicles the difficulties thecrew went through making Apocalypse Now and featuresbehind-the-scenes footage filmed by Eleanor. After film-ing Apocalypse Now, Coppola famously stated:[43] “Wewere in the jungle, there were too many of us, we had ac-cess to too much money, too much equipment and littleby little, we went insane.”The film was overwhelmingly lauded by critics when itfinally appeared in 1979 and was selected for the 1979Cannes Film Festival, winning the Palme d'Or along withThe Tin Drum, directed by Volker Schlöndorff. Whenthe film screened at Cannes, he quipped:[42] “My filmis not about Vietnam, it is Vietnam.” Apocalypse Now'sreputation has grown in time and it is now regarded bymany as a masterpiece of the New Hollywood era andis frequently cited as one of the greatest movies evermade.[15][44][45][46] Roger Ebert considers it to be thefinest film on the Vietnam war and included it on his listfor the 2002 Sight & Sound poll for the greatest movie ofall time.[47][48]
In 2001, Coppola re-released Apocalypse Now asApocalypse Now Redux, restoring several sequences lostfrom the original 1979 cut of the film, thereby expandingits length to 200 minutes.
2.3 1980s
2.3.1 One from the Heart (1982)
Main article: One from the Heart
Apocalypse Now marked the end of the golden phase ofCoppola’s career.[15] His musical fantasy One from theHeart, although pioneering the use of video-editing tech-niques which are standard practice in the film industry to-day, ended with a disastrous box-office gross of $636,796against a US$26 million budget,[49] far from enough torecoup the costs incurred in the production of the movieand he was forced to sell his 23-acre Zoetrope Studio in1983.[18] He would spend the rest of the decade work-ing to pay off his debts. (Zoetrope Studios finally filedfor Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1990, after which its namewas changed to American Zoetrope).[15] In addition Cop-
pola himself was forced into US bankruptcy court threetimes over the next eight years.
2.3.2 Hammett (1982)
Main article: Hammett (film)
Following the disastrous One from the Heart, Coppolaco-directed Hammett along with Wim Wenders in thesame year. Although Coppola was not credited for hiseffort, according to one source, “by the time the final ver-sion was released in 1982, only 30 percent of Wenders’footage remained and the rest was completely reshot byCoppola, whose mere 'executive producer' credit is just atechnicality.”[50]
2.3.3 The Outsiders (1983)
Main article: The Outsiders (film)
In 1983, he directed The Outsiders, a film adaptation ofthe novel of the same name by S. E. Hinton. Coppolacredited his inspiration for making the film to a sugges-tion from middle school students who had read the novel.The Outsiders is notable for being the breakout film fora number of young actors who would go on to becomemajor stars. These included major roles for Matt Dillon,Ralph Macchio and C. Thomas Howell. Also in the castwere Patrick Swayze, Rob Lowe, Emilio Estevez, DianeLane and Tom Cruise. Matt Dillon and several others alsostarred in Coppola’s related film, Rumble Fish, which wasalso based on a S. E. Hinton novel and filmed at the sametime as The Outsiders on-location in Tulsa, Oklahoma.Carmine Coppola wrote and edited the musical score, in-cluding the title song “Stay Gold”, which was based upona famous Robert Frost poem and performed for the movieby Stevie Wonder. The film was a moderate box-officesuccess, drawing a revenue of $25 million[51] against abudget of $10 million.[52]
2.3.4 Rumble Fish (1983)
Main article: Rumble Fish
Rumble Fish was based on the novel of the same name byS. E. Hinton, who also co-wrote the screenplay. Shot inblack-and-white as an homage to German expressionistfilms, Rumble Fish centres on the relationship betweena revered former gang leader (Mickey Rourke) and hisyounger brother, Rusty James (Matt Dillon). The filmbombed at the box office, earning a meagre $2.5 millionagainst a budget of $10 million[53] and once again aggra-vated Coppola’s financial troubles.
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2.3.5 The Cotton Club (1984)
Main article: The Cotton Club (film)
In 1984 Coppola directed the Robert Evans-producedThe Cotton Club. The film was nominated for severalawards, including Golden Globes for Best Director andBest Picture (Drama) and the Oscars for Best Film Edit-ing and Best Art-Direction. However, the film failed mis-erably at the box-office, recouping only $25.9 million ofthe $47.9 million privately invested by brothers Fred andEd Doumani.[33]
2.3.6 Rip Van Winkle (1984)
Main article: Rip Van Winkle
The same year he directed an episode of Faerie Tale The-atre entitled Rip Van Winkle, where Harry Dean Stantonplayed the lead role.[54]
2.3.7 Captain EO (1986)
Main article: Captain EO
In 1986, along with producer George Lucas, he was ableto indulge himself by making Captain EO, a 17-minutespace fantasy for Disney theme parks starring pop musi-cian Michael Jackson.
2.3.8 Peggy Sue Got Married (1986)
Main article: Peggy Sue Got Married
In 1986 Coppola released the comedy Peggy Sue GotMar-ried starring Kathleen Turner, Coppola’s nephew NicolasCage and Jim Carrey. Much like The Outsiders andRumble Fish, Peggy Sue Got Married centered aroundteenage youth. The film earned Coppola positive feed-back and provided Kathleen Turner her first and only Os-car nomination. It was the first box-office success forCoppola since Apocalypse Now[55] and the film rankednumber 17 on Entertainment Weekly ' s list of “50 BestHigh School Movies”.[56]
2.3.9 Gardens of Stone (1987)
Main article: Gardens of Stone
The following year, Coppola re-teamed with James Caanfor Gardens of Stone, but the film was overshadowed bythe death of Coppola’s eldest son Gian-Carlo Coppoladuring the film’s production. The movie was not a critical
success and performed poorly at the box office, earningonly $5.6 million against a budget of $13 million.[57]
2.3.10 Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988)
Main article: Tucker: The Man and His Dream
Coppola directed Tucker: The Man and His Dream thefollowing year. A biopic based on the life of PrestonTucker and his attempt to produce and market the Tucker'48, Coppola had originally conceived the project as a mu-sical with Marlon Brando after the release of The Godfa-ther Part II. Ultimately it was Jeff Bridges who played therole of Preston Tucker. Budgeted at $24 million, the filmreceived positive reviews and earned three nominations atthe 62nd Academy Awards, although its $19.65 millionbox office was a disappointment. Two awards came itsway: Martin Landau won the Golden Globe for Best Sup-porting Actor and Dean Tavoularis took BAFTA’s honorsfor Best Production Design.
2.3.11 New York Stories (1989)
Main article: New York Stories
In 1989 Coppola teamed up with fellow Oscar-winningdirectors Martin Scorsese and Woody Allen for ananthology film called New York Stories. Coppola directedthe Life Without Zoë segment, starring his sister TaliaShire and also co-wrote the film with his daughter SofiaCoppola. Life Without Zoë was mostly panned by criticsand was generally considered the segment that broughtthe film’s overall quality down.[58][59] Hal Hinson of TheWashington Post wrote a particularly scathing review,stating that “It’s impossible to know what Francis Cop-pola’s Life Without Zoë is. Co-written with his daughterSofia, the film is a mystifying embarrassment; it’s by farthe director’s worst work yet.”[60]
2.4 1990s
2.4.1 The Godfather Part III (1990)
Main article: The Godfather Part IIIIn 1990, he released the third and final chapter of TheGodfather series: The Godfather Part III. While not ascritically acclaimed as the first two films,[61][62][63] it wasstill a box office success, earning a revenue of $136 mil-lion against a budget of $54 million.[64] Some reviewerscriticized the casting of Coppola’s daughter Sofia, whohad stepped into the leading role of Mary Corleone whichhad been abandoned by Winona Ryder just as filmingbegan.[61] Despite this, The Godfather Part III went onto gather 7 Academy Award nominations, including BestDirector and Best Picture. The film failed to win any of
2.4 1990s 7
Francis Ford Coppola at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival
these awards, the only film in the trilogy to do so.
2.4.2 Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992)
Main article: Bram Stoker’s Dracula
In 1992, Coppola directed and produced Bram Stoker’sDracula. Adapted from Bram Stoker's novel, it was in-tended to be more faithful to the book than previousfilm adaptations.[65] Coppola cast Gary Oldman in thefilm’s title role, with Keanu Reeves, Winona Ryder andAnthony Hopkins in supporting roles. The movie becamea box-office hit, grossing $82,522,790 domestically,making it the 15th highest-grossing film of the year.[66]
It fared even better overseas grossing $133,339,902 for atotal worldwide gross of $215,862,692 against a budgetof $40 million,[67] making it the 9th highest grossing filmof the year worldwide.[68] The film won Academy Awardsfor Costume Design, Makeup and Sound Editing.
2.4.3 Jack (1996)
Main article: Jack (1996 film)
Coppola’s next project was Jack, which was released onAugust 9, 1996. It starred Robin Williams as Jack Pow-ell, a ten-year-old boy whose cells are growing at four
times the normal rate, so at the age of ten he looks likea 40-year-old man. With Diane Lane, Brian Kerwinand Bill Cosby, Jack also featured Jennifer Lopez, FranDrescher and Michael McKean in supporting roles. Al-though a moderate box-office success, grossing $58 mil-lion domestically on an estimated $45 million budget, itwas panned by critics, many of whom disliked the film’sabrupt contrast between actual comedy and tragic melo-drama. It was also unfavourably compared with the 1988film Big, in which Tom Hanks also played a child in agrown man’s body. Most critics felt that the screenplaywas poorly written, not funny and the dramatic materialwas unconvincing and unbelievable. Other critics felt thatCoppola was too talented to be making this type of film.Although ridiculed for making the film, Coppola has de-fended it, saying he is not ashamed of the final cut ofthe movie. He had been friends with Robin Williamsfor many years and had always wanted to work with himas an actor. When Williams was offered the screenplayfor Jack he said he would only agree to do it if Coppolaagreed to sign on as director.
2.4.4 The Rainmaker (1997)
Main article: The Rainmaker (1997 film)
The last film Coppola directed in the 90s, The Rain-maker, was based on the 1995 novel of the same name byJohn Grisham. An ensemble courtroom drama, the filmwas well received by critics, earning an 88% rating onRotten Tomatoes.[69] Roger Ebert gave The Rainmakerthree stars out of four, remarking: “I have enjoyed sev-eral of the movies based on Grisham novels... but I'veusually seen the storyteller’s craft rather than the novel-ist’s art being reflected. By keeping all of the little peoplein focus, Coppola shows the variety of a young lawyer’slife, where every client is necessary and most of themneed a lot more than a lawyer.”[70] James Berardinellialso gave the film three stars out of four, saying that “theintelligence and subtlety of The Rainmaker took me bysurprise” and that the film “stands above any other filmedGrisham adaptation”.[71] Grisham said of the film, “Tome it’s the best adaptation of any of [my books]... I lovethe movie. It’s so well done.”[72] The film grossed about$45 million domestically.[73] This would be more than theestimated production budget of $40 million, but a disap-pointment compared with previous films adapted from aGrisham novel.
2.4.5 Pinocchio dispute with Warner Bros.
In the late 1980s, Coppola started considering conceptsfor a motion picture based upon the 19th century novelThe Adventures of Pinocchio and in 1991, Coppola andWarner Bros. began discussing the project as well as twoothers: involving the life of J. Edgar Hoover and the chil-dren’s novel The Secret Garden. These discussions led
8 2 CAREER
to negotiations for Coppola to both produce and directthe Pinocchio project for Warners, as well as The Se-cret Garden (which was made in 1993 and produced byAmerican Zoetrope, but directed by Agnieszka Holland)and Hoover, which never came to fruition. (A film waseventually to be made by Clint Eastwood in 2011 as J.Edgar, which was distributed by Warners.)But, in mid-1991, Coppola and Warners came to dis-agreement over the compensation to be paid to Coppolafor his directing services on Pinocchio.[74] The partiesdeferred this issue and finally a settlement was reachedin 1998, when the jurors in the resultant court caseawarded Coppola $20 million as compensation for losingthe Pinocchio film project. However, they also awardedhim a further $60 million in punitive damages on top,stemming from his charges that Warner Bros. sabotagedhis intended version. This is the largest civil financial ver-dict ever against a Hollywood studio.
2.4.6 Contact dispute with Carl Sagan/WarnerBros.
Main article: Contact
During the filming of Contact on December 28, 1996,Coppola filed a lawsuit against Carl Sagan and WarnerBros. Sagan had died a week earlier[75][76] and Coppolaclaimed that Sagan’s novel Contact was based on a storythe pair had developed for a television special back in1975, titled First Contact.[75] Under their developmentagreement, Coppola and Sagan were to split proceedsfrom the project with American Zoetrope and Children’sTelevision Workshop Productions, as well as any novelSagan would write. The TV program was never produced,but in 1985, Simon & Schuster published Sagan’s Con-tact and Warner Bros. moved forward with developmentof a film adaptation. Coppola sought at least $250,000 incompensatory damages and an injunction against produc-tion or distribution of the film.[75] Even though Sagan wasshown to have violated some of the terms of the agree-ment, the case was dismissed in February 1998 becauseCoppola had waited too long to file suit.[77]
2.5 2000s
2.5.1 Youth Without Youth (2007)
Main article: Youth Without Youth (film)
After a 10-year hiatus, Coppola returned to film directionwith Youth Without Youth in 2007, based on the novellaof the same name by Romanian author Mircea Eliade.The film was poorly reviewed, currently holding a 30%'rotten' rating on Rotten Tomatoes.[78] It was made forabout $19 million and was given a limited release, onlymanaging $2,624,759 at the box-office.[79] As a result,
Francis Ford Coppola at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.
Coppola announced his plans to produce his own filmsin order to avoid the marketing input that goes into mostfilms and so trying to make them appeal to too wide anaudience.
2.5.2 Tetro (2009)
Main article: Tetro
In 2009, Coppola released Tetro. It was “set in Ar-gentina, with the reunion of two brothers. The story fol-lows the rivalries born out of creative differences passeddown through generations of an artistic Italian immi-grant family.”[80] The film received generally positive re-views from critics. On Metacritic, the film has an aver-age metascore of 63% based on 19 reviews.[81] RottenTomatoes reported that 68% of critics gave positive re-views based on 71 reviews with an average score of5.6/10.[82] Overall, the Rotten Tomatoes consensus was:“A complex meditation on family dynamics, Tetro's ar-resting visuals and emotional core compensate for its un-even narrative.”[82] Roger Ebert of theChicago Sun-Timesgave the film 3 stars, praising the film for being “boldlyoperatic, involving family drama, secrets, generations atwar, melodrama, romance and violence”. Ebert alsopraised Vincent Gallo's performance and claimed thatAlden Ehrenreich is “the new Leonardo DiCaprio".[83]
Todd McCarthy of Variety gave the film a B+ judging that“when Coppola finds creative nirvana, he frequently hastrouble delivering the full goods.”[84] Richard Corliss ofTIME gave the film a mixed review, praising Ehrenreich’s
3.4 Uptown Theater 9
performance, but claiming Coppola “has made a moviein which plenty happens, but nothing rings true.”[85] Ithas made $2,636,774 worldwide,[86] against a budget of$5,000,000.[87]
2.6 2010s
2.6.1 Twixt (2011)
Main article: Twixt (film)
Twixt, starring Val Kilmer, Elle Fanning, Joanne Whal-ley and Bruce Dern and narrated by Tom Waits, was re-leased to film festivals in late 2011[88] and was releasedtheatrically in early 2012. It received critical acclaim inFrance,[89] but mostly negative reviews elsewhere.[90]
3 Commercial ventures
3.1 American Zoetrope
In 1971, Coppola and George Lucas co-produced thelatter’s first film, THX 1138. Shortly after comple-tion of production they brought the finished film toWarner Bros., along with several other scripts for poten-tial projects at their newly founded company, AmericanZoetrope. However, studio executives strongly dislikedall the scripts, includingTHX and demanded that Coppolarepay the $300,000 they had loaned him for the Zoetropestudio, as well as insisting on cutting five minutes from thefilm. The debt nearly closed Zoetrope and forced Cop-pola to reluctantly focus on The Godfather.[2]
3.2 Zoetrope Virtual Studio
His company American Zoetrope also administers the in-novative Zoetrope Virtual Studio, a complete motion pic-ture production studio for members only. Launched inJune 2000, the culmination of more than four years work,it brings together departments for screenwriters, direc-tors, producers and other filmmaker artists, plus new de-partments for other creative endeavours, offering power-ful e-collaborative tools. Filmmaker members can work-shop a wide range of film arts, including music, graphics,design and film and video.
3.3 Inglenook Winery
Coppola, with his family, expanded his business ven-tures to include winemaking in California’s Napa Valley,when in 1975 he purchased the former home and adjoin-ing vineyard of Gustave Niebaum in Rutherford, Califor-nia using proceeds from the first movie in the Godfathertrilogy.[91] His winery produced its first vintage in 1977
with the help of his father, wife and children stompingthe grapes barefoot and every year the family has a har-vest party to continue the tradition.[92]
After purchasing the property, he produced wine un-der the Niebaum-Coppola label. When he purchasedthe former Inglenook Winery chateau in 1995,[93] he re-named the winery Rubicon Estate Winery in 2006. On11 April 2011, Coppola acquired the iconic Inglenooktrademark[94] paying more, he said, for the trademarkthan he did for the entire estate[95] and announced thatthe estate would once again be known by its historic orig-inal name, Inglenook. Its grapes are now entirely organ-ically grown and its Inglenook Chablis is one of the fivemost-widely-selling wines in US restaurants.[96]
3.4 Uptown Theater
George Altamura, a real estate developer announced in2003 that he had partnered with several people includingFrancis Ford Coppola in a project to restore the UptownTheater in downtown Napa, California in order to createa live entertainment venue.[97]
3.5 Francis Ford Coppola Presents
Coppola is also the owner of Francis Ford CoppolaPresents, a lifestyle brand under which he markets goodsfrom companies he owns or controls. It includes films andvideos, resorts, cafes, a literary magazine, a line of pastasand pasta sauces called Mammarella Foods and a winery.
3.5.1 Winery
The Francis Ford Coppola Winery near Geyserville,California,[98] located on the former Chateau SouverainWinery,[99] where he has opened a family-friendly facil-ity, is influenced by the idea of the Tivoli Gardens inCopenhagen,[100] with swimming pools, bocce courts anda restaurant. The winery displays several of Coppola’sOscars along with memorabilia from his movies, includ-ing Vito Corleone's desk from The Godfather and a re-stored 1948 Tucker Sedan as used in Tucker: The Manand His Dream.
3.5.2 Resorts
Included in the Francis Ford Coppola Presents lifestylebrand are several hotels and resorts around the world. TheBlancaneaux Lodge in Belize, which from the early 1980swas a family retreat until it was opened to the public in1993 as a 20-room luxury resort[101] and The Turtle Inn,in Placencia, Belize,[102] (both of which have won severalprestigious awards including “Travel + Leisure’s World’sBest: Best Resort in Central & South America”); La Lan-cha in Lago Petén Itzá, Guatemala;[103] Jardin Escondido
10 5 HONORS
Palazzo Margherita in Bernalda, owned by Coppola
in Buenos Aires, Argentina[104] and Palazzo Margheritain Bernalda, Italy.[105]
3.5.3 Cafe and restaurant
In San Francisco, Coppola owns a restaurant named CafeZoetrope, located in the Sentinel Building where Amer-ican Zoetrope is based.[106] It serves traditional Italiancuisine and wine from his personal estate vineyard andbottling company. For 14 years from 1994, Coppolaco-owned the Rubicon restaurant in San Francisco alongwith Robin Williams and Robert De Niro. Rubiconclosed in August 2008.[107]
3.5.4 Literary publications
He brought out the San Francisco-based City Magazine inthe 1970s, but lost $1.5 million on this venture.[108]
In 1997, Coppola founded Zoetrope: All-Story, a literarymagazine devoted to short stories and design. The maga-zine publishes fiction by emerging writers alongside morerecognizable names, such as Woody Allen, Margaret At-wood, Haruki Murakami, Alice Munro, Don DeLillo,Mary Gaitskill, and Edward Albee; as well as essays, in-cluding ones from Mario Vargas Llosa, David Mamet,Steven Spielberg, and Salman Rushdie. Each issue isdesigned, in its entirety, by a prominent artist, one usu-ally working outside his / her expected field. Previ-ous guest designers include Gus Van Sant, Tom Waits,Laurie Anderson, Marjane Satrapi, Guillermo del Toro,David Bowie, David Byrne, and Dennis Hopper. Coppolaserves as founding editor and publisher of All-Story.
4 Other ventures
Coppola stated that The Godfather Part IV was nevermade as Mario Puzo died before they had a chance towrite the film.[109] Andy Garcia has since claimed thefilm’s script was nearly produced.[109]
He was the jury president at the 1996 Cannes Film Fes-tival and he also took part as a special guest at the 46thInternational Thessaloniki Film Festival in Greece.Over the years, Francis Coppola has given political con-tributions to several candidates of the Democratic Party,including Mike Thompson and Nancy Pelosi for the U.S.House of Representatives and Barbara Boxer and AlanCranston for the U.S. Senate.[110]
For quite some time, he had been planning to direct anepic movie named Megalopolis, a story about the after-math and reconstruction of New York City after a mega-disaster, but after the city was hit by the real life disasterof September 11, the project was suddenly seen as be-ing too sensitive.[111] In 2007 he stated that “I have aban-doned that as of now. I plan to begin a process of makingone personal movie after another and if something leadsme back to look at that, which I'm sure it might, I'll seewhat makes sense to me.”[112]
5 Honors
• In the 2002 poll of the Sight and Sound publication,Coppola ranked #4 in the Directors’ top ten direc-tors of all time[113] and #10 in the Critics’ top tendirectors of all time.[114]
• He featured at #17 in MovieMaker Magazine's 25most influential directors of all-time.[115]
• He also ranked #9 in toptenreviews’ list of top di-rectors of all time[116] and at #21 in EntertainmentWeekly's top 50 directors of all time.[117]
• Four of Coppola’s films, The Godfather; The God-father Part II; Apocalypse Now and Patton featuredin the Writers Guild of America, West list of 101greatest screenplays ever.[118]
• Three of his films feature in AFI’s 100 Years...100Movies: The Godfather (at #2), Apocalypse Now (at#28) and The Godfather Part II (at #32). The God-father also ranks at #11 in AFI’s 100 Years…100Thrills. The following Coppola films were alsonominated for the list: American Graffiti (1973)– Producer; The Conversation (1974) – Direc-tor/Producer/Screenwriter; Patton (1970) – Screen-writer.
• In 1991, he was honored with the Berlinale Cameraat the Berlin International Film Festival.[119]
11
• In 1992, he was awarded a Golden Lion – HonoraryAward at the Venice Film Festival.[119]
• In 1998, the Directors Guild of America honoredhim with a Lifetime Achievement Award.[119]
• He was honored with a special 50th anniversaryaward for his impressive career at the 2002 San Se-bastián International Film Festival.[119]
• The same year he received a gala tribute from FilmSociety of Lincoln Center.[119]
• In 2003, he was awarded a Lifetime AchievementAward at the Denver Film Festival.[119]
• He was given an honorary award at the 2007 AntalyaGolden Orange Film Festival.[120]
• In 2010, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts andSciences decided to honor him with the Irving G.Thalberg Memorial Award at the 2nd Governor’sAwards in November.[121][122] The honor was be-stowed on him on November 13, along with hon-orary Oscars to Jean-Luc Godard, Kevin Brownlowand Eli Wallach.[123]
• In 2013, he was awarded a Praemium Imperiale inthe theatre/film category.[124][125][126]
• Coppola serves as the “Honorary Consul H. E. Fran-cis Ford Coppola” in San Francisco for the CentralAmerican nation of Belize.[127]
• On October 1, 2014, Coppola was inducted into theCalifornia Hall of Fame by Governor Edmund G.“Jerry” Brown, Jr.[128]
• Coppola is among only six people in AcademyAward history to receive Oscars as a Producer, Di-rector and Screenwriter.[129]
• On May 6, 2015, he was awarded the Princess ofAsturias Award for the Arts.[130]
6 Filmography
7 See also
• Coppola family tree
• List of celebrities who own wineries and vineyards
• List of wine personalities
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[2] Featured Filmmaker: Francis Ford Coppola – IGN. Re-trieved October 18, 2010.
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[5] Saxon, Wolfgang (April 27, 1991). “Carmine Coppola,80, Conductor And Composer for His Son’s Films”. TheNew York Times.
[6] Cowie, Peter (1988). Coppola: a biography. Da CapoPress. 2. ISBN 978-0-306-80598-1.
[7] Michael Cabanatuan (2004-01-23). “Italia Coppola –mother of filmmaker”. SFGate. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
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13
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[93] “Q&A: Francis Ford Coppola Explains His Passion ForWine”. Forbes. 2013-06-17. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
[94] James Laube (April 11, 2011). “Coppola Reunites In-glenook Name with Its Vineyards”. Wine Spectator. Re-trieved 2011-12-05.
[95] Lechmere, Adam (2011-06-02). “Francis Ford Coppolato return Inglenook to 'lower alcohol'". decanter.... Re-trieved 2013-05-25.
[96] “Review of Inglenook Chablis – One of the Most WidelyServed Wines in U.S. Restaurants – Yahoo! Voices”.voices.yahoo.com. 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
[97] Osborne, Heather (July 17, 2003). “Altamura tells stu-dents he’s headed for silver screen”. Napa Valley Register(Napa, CA: Lee Enterprises, Inc.). Retrieved September2, 2014.
[98] “Discover Our Wines | Francis Ford Coppola Winery”.Franciscoppolawinery.com. Archived from the originalon 18 May 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
[99] Davis, Kip (October 15, 2010). “Coppola’s wine chateaualso is family-friendly”. Napa Valley Register (Napa, CA:Lee Enterprises, Inc.). Retrieved October 15, 2010.
[100] “Vision”. Franciscoppolawinery.com. Archived from theoriginal on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
[101] “Blancaneaux Lodge, Belize Luxury Hotels – Blan-caneaux Lodge at Coppola Resorts”. Coppolare-sorts.com. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
[102] “Turtle Inn, Luxury Resorts in Belize – Turtle Inn at Cop-pola Resorts”. Coppolaresorts.com. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
[103] “La Lancha, Boutique Hotels Guatemala – La Lancha atCoppola Resorts”. Coppolaresorts.com. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
[104] “Jardin Escondido”. Coppolaresorts.com. Retrieved2013-05-25.
[105] “Palazzo Margherita – Francis Ford Coppola Luxury Ho-tel in Bernalda Italy”. Coppolaresorts.com. Retrieved2013-05-25.
[106] “Cafe Zoetrope”. Cafecoppola.com. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
[107] “Rubicon Shuttered | News | News & Features”. WineSpectator. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
[108] “Francis Ford Coppola(1939-):Biography from Baseline’sEncyclopedia of Film”. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
[109] http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/entertainment/articles/2011-03/15/gq-film-godfather-part-four/mario-puzoArchived May 29, 2012 at the Wayback Machine
[110] Francis Ford Coppola. Newsmeat.
14 10 EXTERNAL LINKS
[111] “10 Best Films Never Made”. Bangstyle.com. 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
[112] “Francis Ford Coppola Says He Has Abandoned 'Mega-lopolis’ Project”. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
[113] “The Directors’ Top Ten Directors”. Archived from theoriginal on 2012-05-27. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
[114] “The Critics’ Top Ten Directors”. Archived from the orig-inal on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
[115] “25 Most Influential Directors of All-Time (ranked) –MovieMaker Magazine”. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
[116] “Top Director All Time List”. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
[117] “Entertainment Weekly’s 50 Greatest Directors”. Re-trieved 2010-10-27.
[118] “101 Greatest Screenplays”. Retrieved 2010-21-18.Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
[119] “Francis Ford Coppola”. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
[120] “44th Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival Kicks off”.Archived from the original on 6 September 2010. Re-trieved 2010-10-19.
[121] “Oscar 2011: Francis Ford Coppola Gets ThalbergAward, Kevin Brownlow Gets Honorary Oscar”. Re-trieved 2010-10-19.
[122] “Oscar 2011: Francis Ford Coppola Gets ThalbergAward, Kevin Brownlow Gets Honorary Oscar”. Re-trieved 2010-10-19.
[123] “Honorary Oscars for film legends Coppola, Godard”.Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Re-trieved 2010-12-11.
[124] “Francis Ford Coppola, 2013 Theatre/ Film, PraemiumImperiale”. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
[125] “2013 Praemium Imperiale Press Conference”. Retrieved2013-10-25.
[126] “Francis Ford Coppola, 2013 Laureate of Theatre/Film”.Retrieved 2013-10-25.
[127] Honorary Consulates of Belize from Ministry of ForeignAffairs (Belize)
[128] http://www.nbcnews.com/watch/nbc-news-channel/meet-the-newest-california-hall-of-fame-inductees-336834115568
[129] http://www.eudesign.com/oscars/osc-curi.htm
[130] http://www.fpa.es/en/communication/francis-ford-coppola-princess-of-asturias-award-for-the-arts.html?idCategoria=0&fechaDesde=&especifica=0&texto=&fechaHasta=&tipo=0
[131] “13th Moscow International Film Festival (1983)". MIFF.Retrieved 2013-01-31.
[132] “15th Moscow International Film Festival (1987)". MIFF.Retrieved 2013-02-21.
9 Further reading• Jeffrey Chown (May 1988). Hollywood auteur:
Francis Coppola. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-92910-7.
10 External links• Francis Ford Coppola at the Internet Movie
Database
• Francis Ford Coppola at AllMovie
• Francis Ford Coppola: Texas Monthly Talks,YouTube video posted on November 24, 2008
• 2007 Francis Ford Coppola Video Interview withInterviewingHollywood.com
• Bibliography at the University of California Berke-ley Library
• “Perfecting the Rubicon: An interview with FrancisFord Coppola”
• “Back to Bernalda” by Coppola, T (InternationalHerald Tribune Style Magazine), December 8, 2012
• Works by Francis Ford Coppola at Open Library
http://blog.moviefone.com/2007/05/09/francis-ford-coppola-says-he-has-abandoned-megalopolis-project/
15
11 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
11.1 Text• Francis Ford Coppola Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola?oldid=684129728 Contributors: Magnus Manske,
Brion VIBBER, The Anome, Koyaanis Qatsi, Skeeter451, Fredbauder, SimonP, Ben-Zin~enwiki, Zadcat, Camembert, Modemac, KF,Olivier, Frecklefoot, Jahsonic, Zanimum, Error, Bogdangiusca, Vzbs34, Jeandré du Toit, JASpencer, Bemoeial, Andrevan, WhisperToMe,Zoicon5, Tpbradbury, Maximus Rex, Bwmodular, Gentgeen, Robbot, Dale Arnett, Moncrief, Calmypal, Postdlf, Hemanshu, Matty j,JackofOz, Lupo, Alan Liefting, David Gerard, Vaoverland, DocWatson42, Paul Richter, Redcountess, Juliand, MSGJ, Zigger, Curps,Henry Flower, Niteowlneils, Xinoph, Wmahan, Chowbok, Hananeko, Quadell, Jossi, Rdsmith4, Kuralyov, Sam, Camipco, Scout32, Para-doxian, Intrigue, Bluemask, D6, Jayjg, Freakofnurture, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Guanabot, Paulo Oliveira, SpookyMulder, Ben-der235, CanisRufus, JustPhil, Rockingharder, Bletch, Kwamikagami, Ruyn, Surachit, Remember, Warpozio, CeeGee, TMC1982, Causasui, Keane4, Circeus, Billymac00, Viriditas, Arcadian, Juntas, Rje, Kbir1, Vizcarra, Googuse, Alansohn, Gary, Philip 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• File:Francis_Ford_Coppola(CannesPhotoCall)_crop.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Francis_Ford_Coppola%28CannesPhotoCall%29_crop.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.5-2.0-1.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
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