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![Page 1: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Francesco Rubino, MD
Associate Professor of SurgeryChief, GI Metabolic Surgery
Diabetes Surgery CenterWeill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY
![Page 2: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Covidien :◦ Research grant, Educational Grant
Roche: ◦ Research Grant
NGM Biotech: ◦ Scientific Advisory Board/Consultant
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“My daddy is a doctor and he treats diabetes.”
“My daddy is a surgeon and he cures it.”
“The surgeon’s perspective”
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“Francesco, why don’t you just give him Metformin?
W.J. PoriesThe physician’s perspective
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THE HERETICAL SUGGESTIONTHE HERETICAL SUGGESTION
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
The Heretical Suggestion: A Surgical Treatment for Diabetes
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“The Showdown: Surgeons vs Endocrinologists”
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“…Rubino's idea boils down to one impolite word used to refer to the excrement of steers.”
…A surgeon’s perspective
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![Page 9: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Develop practical recommendations for clinicians on patient selection and management
Identify barriers to surgical access
Suggest health policies that ensure equitable access to surgery
Identify priorities for research
Bariatric Surgical and Procedural Interventions in the Treatment of Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
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Conveners:•Professor George Alberti•Professor John B. Dixon•Professor Francesco Rubino•Professor Paul Zimmet
Attendees:•Professor Stephanie Amiel•Professor Louise A. Baur•Professor Nam H. Cho•Dr. Bruno Geloneze•Professor Jan Willem Greve
• Professor Linong Ji• Dr. Muffazal Lakdawala• Professor Wei-Jei Lee• Professor Pierre Lefebvre• Dr. Carel le Roux• Professor Jean-Claude Mbanya• Professor Gertrude Mingrone• Dr. Philip R. Schauer• Professor Luc Van Gaal• Dr. David Whiting• Professor Bruce M. Wolfe
Bariatric Surgical and Procedural Interventions in the Treatment of Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Bariatric Surgical and Procedural Interventions in the Treatment of Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
![Page 12: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Bariatric Surgical and Procedural Interventions in the Treatment of Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
![Page 13: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
INDICATIONS TO SURGICAL TREATMENT
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Bariatric surgery is an appropriate treatment for people with type 2 diabetes and obesity not achieving recommended treatment targets with medical therapies, especially when there are other major co-morbidities.
Surgery should be considered early in the treatment of diabetes patients, not as a last resort
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Surgery should be an accepted option in people who have type 2 diabetes and BMI of 35 or more
Surgery should also be considered as an alternative treatment option in persons with BMI 30 to 35 when diabetes cannot be adequately controlled by optimal medical regimen, especially in the presence of other major cardiovascular disease risk factors
In Asians, and some other ethnicities of increased risk, BMI action points may be lower e.g. BMI 27.5 to 32.5
Bariatric Surgical and Procedural Interventions in the Treatment of Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
![Page 16: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
DiabetesSurgerySummit
Rome2007
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CHOICE OF PROCEDURE
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The position group considers RYGB, LAGB, BPD/BPD-DS, SG as currently accepted bariatric surgical procedures
Only two are considered acceptable in adolescents: RYGB and LAGB
The position group acknowledges that there are limited medium- or long-term data regarding SG, and there are safety, nutritional and metabolic concerns with BPD/BPD-DS
Bariatric Surgical and Procedural Interventions in the Treatment of Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
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Apart from conventional procedures now in use new techniques and devices should be explored in research settings only
New bariatric procedures require robust assessment for their efficacy, safety, and durability using similar principles to those for assessing new drug therapies and having regards to the benefits and risks of established therapy
Bariatric Surgical and Procedural Interventions in the Treatment of Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
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risks and benefits, the importance of compliance, the effects on eating choices and behaviours
Factors to consider when choosing a bariatric procedure in patients with Type 2 diabetes
The duration of Type 2 diabetes and the degree of apparent residual B-cell function
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PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
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Surgery should be considered as complementary to medical therapies to reduce micro-vascular and cardiovascular risk
Patients should be assessed and managed by experienced multi-disciplinary teams
Glycaemic control should be optimised peri-operatively and should be closely monitored after surgery
It should be recognised that a prolonged period of normalisation of glycaemic control has benefit for diabetes even if there is eventual relapse
Bariatric Surgical and Procedural Interventions in the Treatment of Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
![Page 23: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
There should be a minimal accepted data set for pre-surgery and follow-up◦ Weight, blood glucose control, assessment for diabetes
complications, laboratory measures and medications etc.
Bariatric Surgical and Procedural Interventions in the Treatment of Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
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Pre-operative and Follow-Up Data Set
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> characteristics of pts population> Pts needs and expectations> Outcomes and definition of success
“Diabetes Surgery” vs “Bariatric Surgery”
◦Indications◦Preoperative diagnostic evaluation◦Choice of Procedure◦Definition of success of treatment◦Assessment of postoperative outcomes◦Type of follow-up◦Complementary therapies◦Definition of “care team”
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DEFINITION AND MONITORING OF SUCCESS OF TREATMENT
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Develop practical recommendations for clinicians on patient selection and management
Identify barriers to surgical access
Suggest health policies that ensure equitable access to surgery
Identify priorities for research
Bariatric Surgical and Procedural Interventions in the Treatment of Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
![Page 30: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
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Stigma of Obesity
Misperception about risk factors vs disease state
Misconception of “Obesity”
Identification of “Bariatric Surgery” with “Weight Loss Surgery
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In the medical community:
“…obesity is a cultural and behavioural problem…”
“…attempt to combat excess of food by cutting out parts of stomachs and intestines Not a rational solution”
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Stigma of Obesity
Misperception about risk factors vs disease state
Misconception of “Obesity”
Identification of “Bariatric Surgery” with “Weight Loss Surgery
![Page 34: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Risk Factor Disease
Lifestyle Modification complementary
Surgery, Radiotherapy,Chemotherapy
Treatments Considered Rationale
Smoking Cancer
>
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Lifestyle Modification
Not-rationale solutions:
(Surgery, Drug Therapy)
Risk Factor DiseaseTreatments Considered Acceptable
Overeating-Sedentary Lifestyle Obesity
>
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Stigma of Obesity
Misperception about risk factors vs disease state
Misconception of “Obesity”
Identification of “Bariatric Surgery” with “Weight Loss Surgery
![Page 37: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Obesity is an ill-defined condition
Excess weight is symptom of disease, not disease per se
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OBESITY
Increased BP
CVD/Death
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Obesity without Insulin Resistance (IR) Obesity without Diabetes Normal Weight Individuals with IR Normal Weight Individuals with Diabetes
and MS
◦ Metabolically healthy obese individuals◦ Metabolic syndrome in non-obese individuals
ARCH INTERN MED/VOL 168 (NO. 15), AUG 11/25, 2008
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OBESITY
Increased BP
CVD/Death
![Page 41: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Stigma of Obesity
Misperception about risk factors vs disease state
Misconception of “Obesity”
Identification of “Bariatric Surgery” with “Weight Loss” Surgery
![Page 42: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
OBESITY
Increased BP
CVD/Death
BARIATRIC SURGERY
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JAMA Jan 2012
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JAMA Jan 2012
Baseline Insulin, Not BMI or weight lossPredict CV benefits of surgery
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OBESITY
Increased BP
CVD/Death
BARIATRIC SURGERY
![Page 46: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Advocacy for obese patients
Define risk factors vs disease state
Re-definition of “Obesity”
From Bariatric to “METABOLIC” and DIABETES SURGERY
![Page 47: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Advocacy for obese patients
Define risk factors vs disease state
Re-definition of “Obesity”
From Bariatric to “METABOLIC” and DIABETES SURGERY
![Page 48: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Advocacy for obese patients
Define risk factors vs disease state
Re-definition of “Obesity”
From Bariatric to “METABOLIC” and DIABETES SURGERY
![Page 49: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Advocacy for obese patients
Define risk factors vs disease state
Re-definition of “Obesity”
From Bariatric to “METABOLIC” and “DIABETES” SURGERY
![Page 50: Francesco Rubino, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, GI Metabolic Surgery Diabetes Surgery Center Weill Cornell Medical College- New York, NY.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062718/56649e7c5503460f94b7ef6c/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
OBESITY
Increased BP
CVD/Death
METABOLIC SURGERY
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Advocacy for obese patients
Define risk factors vs disease state
Re-definition of “Obesity”
From Bariatric to “METABOLIC” and “DIABETES” SURGERY
Recognize the role of GI Tract in the Physiology/Pathophysiology of Metabolic Illnesses
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The GI Tract: An Endocrine Organ