Francesco Franchimon PhD Candidate A historical view on building (services) and health and comfort.

Francesco Franchimon PhD Candidate

A historical view on building A historical view on building (services) and health and comfort (services) and health and comfort

August 27, 2008 7Y900 Health & Comfort 2

Definition Health

Source: World Health Organization (WHO)http://www.who.org/aboutwho/en/definition.html


Definition Comfort

(Thermal) Comfort as the state of mind that expresses

satisfaction with the surrounding environment (ASHRAE Standard 55)

Health vs. Comfort Comfort is determinant of Health


Definition Building Services

‘everything inside a building which makes it safe and comfortablecomfortable to be in’

‘a building must do what it was designed to do - not just provide shelter but also be an environment where people can live, work and achieve’

CIBSE: Chartered Institution of

Building Services Engineers: UK

Typical Building Services: HVAC systems (Heating, Ventilation and Airconditioning) Potable water systems Plumbing Home Automation, Teleservices and Assistive Technology

Building Services = Building Systems (UK vs. US)


Improving Public Health

Source: ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA; http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066604?query=aqueduct&ct=

Aqueducts



Source: THE ROMANS IN BRITAIN; http://romans-in-britain.org.uk/mis_frame_page.htm

Sewer system



Source: THE ROMANS IN BRITAIN; http://romans-in-britain.org.uk/inv_central_heating.htm

Hypocaust


Public Health and Urbanism

Early Childhood Mortality: Town vs. rural area(Netherlands)

1875-1879 1895-1899

All causes 42% 21%

Measles 74% 47%

Encephalitis/meningitis 61% 45%

Acute respiratory disease 39% 15%


From health towards comfort

Air-conditioning

Dr. John Gorrie1802-1855

Source: ASHRAE Journal December 1998



Minimum Ventilation Rate

Source: ASHRAE Journal November 1999

cfm: Cubic Feet per Minute

2,5 l/s

14 l/s

7.5 l/s



Dutch Building Code

Report Health Council, 1984 Energy crisis Yaglou, 1936 Pettenkoffer, 1858 (CO2 < 1000 ppm) Reduced building emission



Effects low ventilation rates

Infectious Diseases Tuberculosis infections Measles infections SARS (Bird Flu)

Chronic Diseases Asthma COPD Lung cancer Coronary heart diseases



Chronic Disease: Asthma



Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)

SBS symptoms Atypical symptoms

Headache Itchy eyes Dry eyes Itchy skin

Mechanical ventilated/air-conditioned buildings < SBS compared to natural ventilated buildings

SBS vs. low ventilation rates



Effects low ventilation rates

Infectious Diseases Tuberculosis infections Measles infections SARS infections (Bird Flu)




Water supply and disinfection



Pipe materials

Lead pipes (~1900) Infant mortality and stillbirth rates by 25 to 50% Related symptoms

permanent brain damage damage to the central nervous system a drop in IQ, learning disabilities behavioural problems

Copper / galvanized steel Plastic Tubing (PVC, PE)



Domestic systems

Solar collector

Floor heating

District heating


Home Automation for Comfort



http://www.adformatie.nl/campagnes/campagnes2005-46.html


Home Automation for Health

Telecare & Telehealth

TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY DRIVENDRIVEN


Home Automation for Health

HUMAN HUMAN DRIVENDRIVEN

Maslow Hierarchy Deficit Needs


Back to Health

New societal threats

Infectious Diseases SARS Bird Flu Legionella


Autonomy for older adults

Francesco Franchimon PhD Candidate A historical view on building (services) and health and comfort.

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