Framing the Energy Question

8/16/2019 Framing the Energy Question

1/30

The Energy Conundrum:Availability, Access & Equity

Sujeet MishraAdvisor(rojects!Ministry o" E#ternal A$airs

Chair %', ndia Smart rid )orum (a initiative o" Ministry o" o*er!+ice Chair, Comutational ntelligence Society, EEE - Chater.i"e Member C/, Senior Member EEE, Member : C0E, ETMember SE1, EC on .+2C


2/30

Mandate

• denti"ying current system conditions

• Common vision o" action

• intend to oint the saliency o" our challenge

• also see3 to submit that it is not a case o"availability, or access in many cases4it has to do

*ith governance and economic lin3ages

• )or ndia4ending energy overty should beent*ined *ith equitable economic oortunities


3/30

Energy: The Civilisational2imension

Connecting the dots: Are the crises ne*5

l i i i


4/30

6uman evolution is coterminous*ith•

The e$ort to harness energy systemsand• The quest to harness ever more concentratedenergy

"orms continue unabated

• Ever since Sumerians 7rst used animals to lough

• To the energy dilomacy & energy *ars

• /y 89;

• energy requirement u #8

•

Electricity requirement u


5/30

Earlier Energy Crises

• Agriculture is being racticed

• Animals have been domesticated

•

6umanity is burning o$ the "orests as agriculturesuorts larger oulation, metal roduction ic3su:

•

one ton o" 7re*ood roduces >9 ounds o" Cu and89 ounds o" )e

• Single iron smelter needed 199 sq miles o" "orest"or year round roduction


6/30

• /y ? century *ood shortages *ere so stee that the English *ereshutting do*n metal "orges and "orbidding cutting do*n o" the Cro*n

"orests

• t *as the lague in ?+ century *hich *ied a third o" euroeanoulation that gave resite to the "orests

• Then aeared coal4*hich *as not amenable to the energy

in"rastructure designed around *ood

• 6i Sulhur and other imurities caused no#ious "umes

• Couldn@t be used in smelting

• Couldn@t be used by ba3ers

• /ut gave ; times more energy than *ood

• )ound that deeer seams had cleaner burning coal

• /ut ooding became the great engineering challenge o" the >'th

BEarlier Energy Crises


7/30

Chemical Energy gets 6arnessed• Thomas e*comen in >8 designed a steam o*ered um to

drain the mines

• 2esite oerating at >= eDciency

• 0elaces ;9 horses

•

Cutting oerating costs by ';=

• lays major role in increasing coal outut in /ritain "rom mn tonsin >8 to nearly double by >


8/30

er o e n ng0elationshis• Energy-Food

• )rom hunting4gathering nomadic li"e to agriculture centredsecialised societies

• Energy-Iron

• ermitted mechanisation and harnessing o" steam asenergy carrier

• Transortation, machine tools

• Energy-Electricity

• The *orld *e are in

• )reedom "rom deendence on arimary source o" energy


9/30

nherent Challenges

in Conventional Model o" Electricity

t t t


10/30

ectr c ty: ature nergy-sage• This *as logical culmination o" *or3 o" Edison,

Tesla, %estinghouse and Samuel nsul largelyset by >89s

• The o*er sector o" today is mature "orm o"*hat *e achieved in >F9s

• .arge centralised generation

• 6igh +oltage rid

• Standard stability and load o* modelsconstructed

•

Even today@s te#t boo3s dra* heavily on *or3 o">F9s


11/30

Energy -sage: Electricity• MineCoal

• TransportCoal

• /urn Coal4can@t cature more than 30-35%o" heat

• Transportelectricity

• Transform electricity

• DistributeElectricity

•

ConsumeElectricity

• An incandescent lamp had efficiency of 3%G

• .ots o" it goes unmetered

• Inherent challenges in linking remote pockets


12/30

Electricity• Came in a )oreign A$airs magaHine

• ot by an electrical engineer

• So*ed questions on viability o" the e#isting order

• Sets stage "or antithesis o" o*er sector as *e had created and stilloerate

• Amory .ovin@s ideas

• Need of meeting the local loads locally

• Challenge o" mating micro *ith macro grids

• 6o* *e regulate and standardise inter"ace bet*een the t*o5

• 2oes the rid end at the *all soc3et or goes in to the lugged in device

• That@s *here the action ta3e lace

• %e are loo3ing at smart meter in"rastructure to integrate customers

•


13/30

Energy overty

Key poser:

s it issue o"access

oravailability

oraffordability

5


14/30

)raming the Iuestion•

s it availability5

• Average lant use "or ovember@>; droed toF9J=, comared *ith F;J


15/30

0E in ndiaRural

Electrification

%

# of

States &

UTs

Remarks

100 16

+ 99 5 Karnataka (99.9%), Uttara Khand (99.5%), Himachal Pradesh

(99.8%), Madhya Pradesh (99.2%), West Bengal (99.97%)

+95 6 Bihar (97.0%), Rajasthan (98.9%), Chhattisgarh (94.6%),

Jammu & Kashmir (98.3%), Tripura (97.0%), Uttar Pradesh

(98.6%)

+90 4 JharKhand (91.5%), Odisha (92.8%), Nagaland (94.1%),

Mizoram (90.3%)+80 4 Assam (88.7%), Meghalaya (85.9%), Manipur (89.4%),

Andaman & Nicobar (86.1%)


16/30

/ut then *here is theroblem5

s it just bad in"ra or bad statistics5

Consumtion o" energy is comonent o" living

e#erience


17/30


18/30

ndia@s rimary Energy Consumtion(89>8! (-S: EA!

CoalP 1;=

/iomass& %asteP 88=

etroleum & other liquidsP 88=atural asP 9J8(EA, 89>!


19/30

ndian oulation

0

0.45

0.9

1.35

1.8

Population (Bn)

htt:KKs*arajyamagJcomKauthorK>


20/30


21/30

0ural4-rban ro*th

0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0 China India

% Urban Population

htt:KKs*arajyamagJcomKauthorK>


22/30

Smart +illage to Smart City to EconomicCircles• Qey has to be smart in"rastructure

• .o* energy services (Transortation, Communication,overnance, ersonal Com"ort, !

• ndia has run out o" traditional otions to suort additionaloulation in several cities

• Create ossibilities to reduce strain on e#isting urban saces,

• Ma3ing e#isting urban saces better to live in (com"ort togovernance!

• roviding a#es "or guiding migration o*s "rom rural to urbansaces

• Creating oulation tras bet*een rural and urban saces

• Arresting migrationJ


23/30

-naddressed 2imension

• Much to do *ith:

• Transortation grids4lin3ed to *orld

• Communication grid4lin3ed to *orld

• Electricity4lin3ed to the *orld5

• Challenge o" urbanisation at its root haselectricityKenergy access in rural enclaves

• 2enial o" oortunity


24/30

.i3e )amines

ts notthe absenceo" "ood *hich alwayscause them, but in

this case, it is not possibly the issue o" distribution as *ell

%h t M 3 th Ti F d t ll


25/30

%hat Ma3es these Times Fundamentally 2i$erent

The Second Machine Age: %or3, rogress & roserity in a time o" /rilliant Technologies 4Eri3 /rynjol"sson,Andre* McA"ee


26/30

The Qey 2eveloment

Trans"ormation to 2igital Economy:Energy needed to achieve same 2 less


27/30

The Meta lan• .o*ering energy intensity

•

" governance systems

• /usiness transactions

• 0educing needs o" hysical commute

• Education, 6ealth Care, Mar3et

• Creation o" a#es o" rural4urban migration o*s

• n"rastructure in villages need strengthening,

• To ensure develoment, >1 comonents have been suggested "or smart villages

• These include s3ill develoment training, agro rocessingK agri servicesK storage,digital literacy, sanitation, ied *ater suly, solid and liquid *aste management,village streets and drains, street lights, mobile health unit, ugrading school, inter4village road connectivity, citiHen service centres "or electronic delivery o" citiHencentric servicesK e4gram connectivity, ublic transort and . gas connections (htt:KKindiane#ressJcomKarticleKindiaKindia4othersKrs4;9994crore4lan4govt4lans4994clusters4o"4smart4villagesK!

•

/ut at the same time, singlecity led model *ould ossibly not deliver4*e needEconomic circles


28/30

0ural Energy System

• eed to add rural energy as dimensiono" smartrural living e#erience

•

Connection to main grid can’t be reliabledue tosituational challenges, even i" rest o" the roblemsta3en care o"

• Meshing: MiniKMicro, ano, ico rids

• Creating community -S using rene*ables andsmart grids


29/30

0ural Energy System• Address need o" heat"or com"ort & coo3ing as di$erent

entities

• +illage level, self contained bio digesters"or community needso" heat, electricity, coo3ing "uel, manure

• Target increasing *or3ing hours in to night & roductivity incold days

• Case o" an artisan community near .uc3no*

•

oor but not destitute

• A coule o" hours o" discretionary light

• Electricity "or running internet alications

• -se o" eDcient non4olluting heating solutions


30/30

Than3sG

Framing the Energy Question

Documents

Transcript of Framing the Energy Question