Frame Relay
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Transcript of Frame Relay
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E0 192.168.3.150
LAN - 192.168.3.0/24
BANGLORE OFFICE
E0 192.168.1.150
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
HYDERABAD OFFICEE0 192.168.2.150
LAN - 192.168.2.0/24
CHENNAI OFFICE
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• Frame Relay is a data link layer
packet-switching protocol that uses digital circuits.
• It is used for medium to longer distances and for
longer connectivity.
• Leased lines also provide longer connectivity but a
physical circuit is used to make connection between
2 sites and the same circuit path is used always.
• Frame Relay connections use logical circuits to make
connections between 2 sites. These logical circuits are
referred to as Virtual Circuits(VCs).
• Multiple VCs can exist on the same physical
connection.
• VCs are Full duplex.
Frame Relay
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• VCs overcome the scalability problems of
leased lines by providing multiple logical circuits
over the same physical connection.
• Only one serial interface of a router is needed to
handle the VC connections to multiple sites Whereas
using leased lines multiple serial interfaces are
needed to connect to multiple sites.
• VCs provide full connectivity at a much lower price
compared to leased lines.
Advantages of Frame Relay
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• Sub-interfaces
• Uses Shared bandwidth
• Local Management interface(LMI):
– used between the Frame relay DTE(eg.Router) and the
Frame Relay DCE(eg. Frame Relay switch)
– Defines how the DTE interacts with the DCE
– Locally significant
– Provides VCs status information(a keep-alive
mechanism)
– LMI standards : Cisco, ANSI, Q933a
The DTE and DCE must have the same LMI signaling type
Frame Relay Terminology
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• Data Link Connection Identifier(DLCI) :
– used to identify each VC on a physical interface
(i.e.) Each VC has a unique local address called a DLCI
number.
– switch will map to the destination depending on
the DLCI number
– Inverse ARP is used to map DLCIs to next hop
addresses.
– Mapping can also be done manually.
– Its Locally significant.
– These numbers are given by the Frame relay
service providers, Service providers assign DLCIs in
the range of 16 to 1007.
Frame Relay Terminology
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• Virtual circuits are of two types:
– Permanent Virtual Circuits – PVCs
– Switched Virtual Circuits –SVCs
• Permanent Virtual Circuit :
– similar to a dedicated leased line , permanent connection.
– used when constant data is being generated.
• Switched Virtual Circuit :
– also called as Semi-permanent virtual circuit
– similar to a circuit switched connection where the VC is dynamically built and then torn down once the data has been sent.
– used when data has to be sent in small amounts and at periodic intervals.
Frame Relay Terminology
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• Committed Information Rate(CIR) :
– Average data rate measured over a fixed period
of time that the carrier guarantees for a VC.
– committed bandwidth
• Burst Rate(BR) :
– Average data rate provider guarantees for a VC.
– Excess bandwidth
Frame Relay Terminology
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• FECN and BECN :
– Forward Explicit Congestion Notification
– Backward Explicit Congestion Notification
• When congestion occurs switch marks the FECN
and BECN bits in the frame header.
• FECN is sent to the destination
• BECN is sent to the source
• Thereby notifying both source and destination
about the congestion.
• FECN = 0 and BECN =0 implies no congestion.
Frame Relay Terminology
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Frame-Relay - Network Diagram
E0 192.168.1.150/24
HYD
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
E0 192.168.2.150/24
CHE
LAN - 192.168.2.0/24
E0 192.168.3.150/24
BAN
LAN - 192.168.3.0/24
10.0.0.1/8S0
S111.0.0.2/8
DLCI NO : 100 DLCI NO : 200
FRAME-RELAYSWICH
S110.0.0.2/8
11.0.0.1/8S0
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Frame-Relay - Network Diagram
E0 192.168.1.150/24
HYD
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
E0 192.168.2.150/24
CHE
LAN - 192.168.2.0/24
E0 192.168.3.150/24
BAN
LAN - 192.168.3.0/24
10.0.0.1/8S0
S110.0.0.2/8
DLCI NO : 100 DLCI NO : 200
FRAME-RELAYSWICH
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frame-relay interface-dlci 100Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#
telnet 192.168.1.150
================================Welcome to Hyderabad Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****
****enable
configure terminal
interface serial 0ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0no shutencapsulation frame-relayframe-relay lmi-type cisco
Hyderabad>password :Hyderabad#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Hyderabad(config)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195](C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.C:\>Connecting .....
exitHyderabad(config)#
Configuring Serial interfaceRouter(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci <dlci no>
Configuring Serial interfaceRouter(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci <dlci no>
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frame-relay interface-dlci 200Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#
================================Welcome to Banglore Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****
****enable
configure terminal
ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0no shutencapsulation frame-relayframe-relay lmi-type cisco
Banglore>password :Banglore#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Banglore(config)#Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195](C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.C:\>Connecting .....
telnet 192.168.3.150
interface serial 1
exitBanglore(config)#
Configuring Serial interfaceRouter(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci <dlci no>
Configuring Serial interfaceRouter(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci <dlci no>
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Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#
================================Welcome to Chennai Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****
****enable
configure terminal
no ip addressno shutencapsulation frame-relayclockrate 64000
Chennai>password :Chennai#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Chennai(config)#
Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195](C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.C:\>Connecting .....
Chennai(config-if)#
telnet 192.168.2.150
interface serial 1
frame-relay lmi-type ciscoframe-relay intf-type dceframe-relay route 100 interface serial 0 200
Chennai(config)#frame-relay switching
Configuring Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#no ip addressRouter(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate> Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dceRouter(config-if)#frame-relay route <Source dlci no>
interface <int type> <int. no> <Destination dlci no>
Configuring Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#no ip addressRouter(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate> Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dceRouter(config-if)#frame-relay route <Source dlci no>
interface <int type> <int. no> <Destination dlci no>
Converting Router to Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#frame-relay switching
Converting Router to Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#frame-relay switching
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Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#
no ip addressno shutencapsulation frame-relayclockrate 64000
Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
interface serial 0
frame-relay lmi-type ciscoframe-relay intf-type dceframe-relay route 200 interface serial 1 100
Chennai(config)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Configuring Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#no ip addressRouter(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate> Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dceRouter(config-if)#frame-relay route <Source dlci no>
interface <int type> <int. no> <Destination dlci no>
Configuring Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#no ip addressRouter(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate> Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dceRouter(config-if)#frame-relay route <Source dlci no>
interface <int type> <int. no> <Destination dlci no>
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show frame-relay pvcHyderabad#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0 input pkts 0 output pkts 2 in bytes 0 out bytes 60 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 2 out bcast bytes 60 pvc create time 00:12:03, last time pvc status changed 00:00:20
Hyderabad#
PVC STATUS = ACTIVE
Implies, all configurations and the connectivity are
fine.
PVC STATUS = ACTIVE
Implies, all configurations and the connectivity are
fine.
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show frame-relay pvcHyderabad#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL,PVC STATUS = INACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial0 input pkts 0 output pkts 2 in bytes 0 out bytes 60 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 2 out bcast bytes 60 pvc create time 00:12:03, last time pvc status changed 00:00:20
Hyderabad#
PVC STATUS = INACTIVE
Implies, Configuration or Connectivity Problem with
Remote LMI
PVC STATUS = INACTIVE
Implies, Configuration or Connectivity Problem with
Remote LMI
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show frame-relay pvcHyderabad#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL,PVC STATUS = DELETED,INTERFACE = Serial0 input pkts 0 output pkts 2 in bytes 0 out bytes 60 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 2 out bcast bytes 60 pvc create time 00:12:03, last time pvc status changed 00:00:20
Hyderabad#
PVC STATUS = DELETED
Implies, Configuration or Connectivity Problem with
Local LMI
PVC STATUS = DELETED
Implies, Configuration or Connectivity Problem with
Local LMI
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show frame-relay pvcBanglore#PVC Statistics for interface Serial1 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 200, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1 input pkts 8 output pkts 7 in bytes 570 out bytes 586 dropped pkts 2 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 7 out bcast bytes 586 pvc create time 00:12:26, last time pvc status changed 00:02:06Banglore#
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show frame-relay pvcChennai#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DCE)DLCI = 200, DLCI USAGE = SWITCHED,PVC STATUS = ACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial0 input pkts 0 output pkts 0 in bytes 0 out bytes 0 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0 pvc create time 00:02:07, last time pvc status changed 00:00:56 Num Pkts Switched 0
PVC Statistics for interface Serial1 (Frame Relay DCE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = SWITCHED,PVC STATUS = ACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial1 input pkts 4 output pkts 3 in bytes 186 out bytes 202 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0 pvc create time 00:02:21, last time pvc status changed 00:01:04 Num Pkts Switched 4Chennai#
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show frame-relay mapHyderabad#Serial0 (up): ip 10.0.0.2, dlci 100(0x64,0x1840), dynamic, broadcast, status defined, activeHyderabad#
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show frame-relay mapBanglore#Serial1 (up): ip 10.0.0.1, dlci 200(0xC8,0x3080), dynamic, broadcast, status defined, activeBanglore#
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show frame-relay routeChennai#Input Intf Input Dlci Output Intf Output Dlci StatusSerial0 200 Serial1 100 activeSerial1 100 Serial0 200 activeChennai#
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Hyderabad(config)#router rip
Hyderabad(config-router)#
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
no ip routingHyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config)#ip routing
show ip routeHyderabad#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODRGateway of last resort is not setC 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:25, Serial0Hyderabad#
^ZConfiguring RIP
Router(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>
Configuring RIPRouter(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>
ping 192.168.3.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msHyderabad#
!!!!!
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Banglore(config)#router rip
Banglore(config-router)#
Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0Banglore(config-router)#
no ip routingBanglore(config)#
Banglore(config)#ip routing
show ip routeBanglore#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODRGateway of last resort is not setC 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:04, Serial1C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0Banglore#
^Znetwork 10.0.0.0
Configuring RIPRouter(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>
Configuring RIPRouter(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>
ping 192.168.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msBanglore#
!!!!!