Fractures & Skeletal Conditions
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Transcript of Fractures & Skeletal Conditions
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Fractures & Skeletal Conditions
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Fractures A break in a bone Can be classified by cause & nature of break:
CAUSE Traumatic break due to injury Pathological break due to diseaseNATURE Compound broken bone exposed to the
outside by an opening in skin Simple broken bone not exposed & protected
by unbroken skin
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Types of Fractures
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Compressed Bone is crushed Common in osteoporotic bones subjected to
trauma, such as in a fall
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Epiphyseal Fracture Epiphysis separates from diaphysis at the
epiphyseal plate Occurs when cartilage cells are dying &
calcification is occurring
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Depressed Broken bone portion pressed inward Typical of skull fracture
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Greenstick Fracture Incomplete break Only breaks on 1 side Like a twig on a tree More common in kids
whose bones are more
flexible
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Fissured Fracture Incomplete longitudinal break
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Comminuted Fracture Complete break & results in 3 or more fragments Common in the aged, where bones are more brittle
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Transverse Fracture Complete break, horizontally
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Oblique Fracture Complete break at an angle
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Spiral Fracture Complete break caused by a twisting motion Most frequent break in athletes
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Fracture Video Clip
http://video.about.com/orthopedics/Fractures-1.htm
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Other Skeletal Conditions
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Scoliosis
Abnormal curve of the spine
May cause the head to appear off center
One hip or shoulder to be higher than the opposite side
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Lordosis Exaggerated lumbar
curvature A.K.A. “swayback” Due to factors like
being overweight, pregnancy, or muscle conditions
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Kyphosis Exaggerated curvature
of the thoracic vertebrae
A.K.A. “Hunchback” Often seen in older
adults Possibly due to
osteoporosis or poor posture
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Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Hematoma formation
Torn blood vessels hemorrhage
A mass of clotted blood (hematoma) forms at the fracture site
Site becomes swollen, painful, and inflamed
Figure 6.13.1
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Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Osteoblasts migrate to the fracture and begin reconstructing the bone
Osteoblasts begin forming spongy bone
Figure 6.13.2
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Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Bone formation New bone trabeculae
appear Bone formation begins
3-4 weeks after injury, and continues until firm 2-3 months later
Figure 6.13.3
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Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Compact bone is laid
down to reconstruct shaft walls
Figure 6.13.4
Clip