FR AUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND … · CDMA450 networks 55 PLC Test Lab for smart...

F r a u n h o F e r I n s t I t u t e F o r e m b e d d e d s y s t e m s a n d C o m m u n I C a t I o n t e C h n o l o g I e s e s K

ANNUAL REPORT

2013/2014

dear readers, business Partners and Customers,

The past few years have been an exciting time for us. After

successfully completing our technology audit in 2012, we

transitioned to a full-fledged Fraunhofer institute on July 1,

2013, changing our name to Fraunhofer Institute for

embedded systems and Communication technologies

while retaining the abbreviation ESK. Our name may have

changed, but the goal of utilizing our expertise to help our

customers and partners develop innovative products and

services remains the same.

To ensure that we stay on the path to success, last year

we created a set of guiding principles (page 8) that each

employee must abide by. These principles reflect the existing

values that we rely on to carry out our daily activities at the

institute. They also serve as a guide in our dealings with one

another and with our partners.

In an effort to continue providing you quality R & D services,

we restructured and expanded our laboratories. In addition

to the automotive lab (page 43) and access & Inhouse

test lab (page 67), we now offer an Automation Lab

(page 25) for testing wireless systems in automation environ-

ments, a PlC test lab (page 55) for evaluating communi-

cation technologies such as powerline via the electricity grid

(page 55) and the ngn test lab (page 66) for communica-

tion systems.

FOREwORd

4

In closing, I want to extend my sincere appreciation to our

employees for their dedication and hard work, which once

again led to outstanding results. Without personal commit-

ment, excellent research is not possible. And without excellent

research, we could not deliver the quality R & D services that

our customers and partners have come to expect.

I’d like to take this opportunity to also thank all of our

partners and customers from industry, the research commu-

nity and the public sector for placing your trust in our work.

Please take the time to review our 2013 Annual Report. It will

provide you an overview of the past year’s research activities

and project highlights, as well as a glimpse into what we have

planned for 2014.

On behalf of all employees at Fraunhofer ESK, thank you for your

continued support. We look forward to another successful year.

We also developed additional tools, tool chains and platforms,

which we use to streamline the delivery of our R & D services.

The Plethora platform allows us to more efficiently develop

sensor networks and helps us to quickly identify suitable wire-

less technologies using a rapid prototyping process (page 19).

For industrial wireless environments, we deploy the awair

system to identify sources of interference and problems, thus

ensuring the reliability of our customer’s wireless networks

(page 18). For years, automobile manufacturers have relied on

our artis platform for the prototyping of infotainment and

real-time applications (page 30). This family was expanded over

the past two years with the addition of ezCar2X, a framework

designed to streamline the development of networked vehicle

applications (page 31). To address the problem of increasingly

complex software development environments, we also created

a range of tools and platforms for the automobile industry,

such as ernest (page 33), in order to further professionalize

our development activities.

With the transition to a full Fraunhofer institute, we switched

from the Fraunhofer Microelectronics Group, where we will

continue to be involved as a guest institute, to membership

in the Fraunhofer Information and Communication Techno-

logy Group, a network of institutes that will be able to exploit

our know-how in communication technologies and software

development. At the same time, I took over as chairman

of the Fraunhofer Embedded Systems Alliance, a network

of 13 institutes that bundles their expertise in the fields of

mechan ical engineering, electronics and IT. This allows us

to work together to offer customers a wide range of compre-

hensive solutions.

Fraunhofer ESK Annual Report 2013/2014 5

TAbLE OF CONTENTs

45 eleCtrICIty grIds

48 Smart microgrid information and control

49 Smart grid traffic models

50 Vehicle-to-grid: connecting e-vehicles to the energy network

51 Intelligent charging infrastructure for electric vehicles

52 Intelligent communication for the smart energy network of the future

53 Simulation environment for CDMA450 networks

55 PlC test lab for smart metering and smart grid applications

27 automotIVe

30 ARTiS family – prototyping under real conditions

31 ezCar2X: streamlined development of applications for networked vehicles

32 SafeAdapt: safe adaptive software for fully electric vehicles

33 ERNEST – early-stage validation and verification through simulation

34 ICt for electromobility

35 Software defined car

36 ethernet/IP in the vehicle

37 Verification of TCP/IP protocol stacks

38 Vehicle-environment networking

39 Autonomous traffic warning system

39 Shared electromobility

40 dependable automotive software

41 Safety-critical train system development

41 Verification of automotive software

43 automotive lab

8 Fraunhofer ESK guiding principles

10 Core competences

15 automatIon teChnology

18 Awair: monitoring the quality of industrial wireless networks

19 Plethora – communication, auto mation, localization

20 Wireless industrial solutions

21 Location and communication system

21 Cognitive radio prototype

22 trace-based debugging for multicore software

23 Toolchain for embedded multicore systems

23 Survey: embedded systems software development

25 automation lab

Fraunhofer ESK Annual Report 2013/20146

57 teleCommunICatIon

60 haInet – high bit rate access and inhouse networks

62 Wired transmission system optimization

63 Powerline modem measurement and testing

63 DSL communication systems

64 Web-based client-server systems

65 Mobile use of e-books

65 Fraunhofer job application platform

66 ngn test lab

67 access & Inhouse test lab

69 FraunhoFer InstItute For embedded systems and CommunICatIon teChnologIes esK

72 Organization chart

73 Our customers and partners

74 Facts and figures

76 Recruiting

78 Chair for Communication Technology

79 Networking – more than just technology

80 Publications

88 2013 Event highlights

90 How to reach us

91 Editorial notes


FraunhoFer esK guIdIng PrInCIPles

Research and development are driving forces behind innovation. The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft occupies a strong position in Germany and Europe in this field. Expanding and maintaining this position is not possible without hard work. Our changing world continuously presents us with new challenges. With increasingly faster innovation cycles and an economic environ-ment that is undergoing perpetual transformation, established processes are being displaced or no longer serve their original purpose, and knowledge is becoming obsolete.

This also places additional demands on the individual. The employees of Fraunhofer ESK carry out their daily tasks with a common set of values that act as guidelines – which they acknowledge and follow – for their behavior and actions. We have updated the values that have served us well in the past and added new aspects. The result is a set of guiding principles for the institute.

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1. �Mutual appreciation, respect and openness form the basis for everything we do.

2. Leadership means taking responsibility for the decisions we make and living by them.

3. Clearly-defined structures, responsibilities and interfaces are the cornerstones of our

organization.

4. Communication and information are essential to our success.

5. The professional development of our employees and young scientists preserves our

innovation strength.

6. We transform scientific expertise into innovations.

7. We put knowledge into practice.

8. We supplement and enrich our expertise with an extensive network of professionals

from business and government.

9. We align our innovative solutions with our customer’s future markets and challenges.

10. We are a reliable and independent project partner.

11. Satisfying society’s needs on an on-going basis requires keeping an eye on the future.


Wired transmission systems

Fraunhofer ESK has been actively involved in the optimization

of broadband transmission systems running over copper wire

circuits for around 15 years. The institute is currently the only

commercial provider in Germany with a fully-equipped Access

& Inhouse test lab. Apart from using simulation platforms for

examining wired transmission systems, new technologies such

as VDSL2 vectoring are integrated into the lab’s test environ-

ment and then evaluated under real conditions.

The institute also analyses the effects of high bit rate trans-

missions on live systems. One example is emission behavior,

a characteristic that plays an important role when deploying

broadband in specific environments such as buildings and

power grids.

The current research activities are divided into three main areas:

xDSL transmission systems, broadband powerline communi-

cation (broadband PLC) and narrowband powerline communi-

cation (high bit rate narrowband PLC). The research focuses

primarily on new transmission technologies that allow use

of the frequency ranges above 30 MHz for transmitting data

across both the power grid and twisted pair circuits.

local Wireless networks

Wireless technology is no longer the sole domain of tele phone

and computer networks and has long since branched out into

other areas. Concrete examples include networking vehicles

with their environments (Car-to-X communication) and the

use of wireless networking in industrial applications such as

machine-to-machine (M2M). In many cases, standard tech-

nologies cannot be directly deployed. For example, unreliable

connectivity is one factor that keeps potential users away from

wireless technologies. On the other side of the coin, wireless

networks feature characteristics such as flexibility and device

mobility that make applications like Car-to-X and industrial

sensor networks possible in the first place. This aspect, plus

the potential cost savings that result from the reduced installa-

tion effort, make wireless systems an attractive alternative.

Wireless data transmission is subject to special physical con-

straints. In contrast to wired transmission technologies, wire-

less networks possess specific characteristics such as trans-

mission loss, sensitivity to external emissions and multipath

propagation that can cause interference. The environment,

whether outdoor or indoor, determines the channel charac-

teristics. When designing transmitter and receiver systems and

the implementation of the protocol stacks, engineers have to

take these characteristics into account.

CORE COmPETENCEs

Mathias Leibiger

Group Manager, Access and Inhouse Networks

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-372

[email protected]

Dr. Yun Chen

Research Associate

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-391

[email protected]


reliable ethernet and IP Communication

Although Ethernet and IP technologies are independent of one

another, they are often mentioned in the same breath. They

benefit from one another and enjoy a near-monopoly in local

networks. Because these technologies were originally designed

for pure transport, QoS mechanisms for applications such as

telephony and multimedia transmission have evolved gradually.

To date, the industry still lacks integrated mechanisms for ad-

dressing real-time requirements. Apart from QoS in embedded

systems, resource issues such as energy consumption and CPU

and memory usage are of major importance. So far, Ethernet

and IP technologies and their various implementations have

failed to sufficiently solve these issues.

In response to this situation, one-off or special solutions have

become well established. Examples include FlexRay and MOST

for the automotive industry and EtherCat/ProfiNet for industrial

automation applications. These special solutions are usually

complex and costly, possess little enhancement potential and

stand in stark contrast to the desire for cost-effective Ethernet

and IP solutions with high bandwidth.

Falk Langer

Group Manager, Automotive Networks

Phone: +49 89 547088-327

[email protected]

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adaptive systems

Adaptivity improves the resource efficiency and flexibility of

software-driven embedded systems. The term adaptivity refers

to the extent to which a system is capable of adapting itself

to changes in its internal and external environment, resources

and requirements. The corresponding control mechanisms

must ensure reliability, an essential factor for many embed-

ded systems. Another issue involves the growth of distributed

systems, meaning multiple processors that are networked to-

gether to provide common services. The key challenge in such

distributed environments is making sure the adaptive systems

exhibit a high level of coordination, efficiency and consistency,

all of which must be guaranteed during the design and analysis

phases.

Taking adaptivity into account at the design level requires new

concepts for designing distributed services and functions in

networked systems. With existing approaches, the features

and aspects of the system – also referred to as variability – are

specified in the design and cannot be adapted at runtime.

Against this backdrop, one of Fraunhofer ESK’s research goals

is to develop an end-to-end methodology and modeling

technique for adaptive systems that features inherent vari-

ability and adaptivity and the associated control mechanisms.

model-based software design and Validation

Software is the basis for a wide range of functions in today’s

networked systems, such as in automobiles or industrial

systems. The networking and interaction of these functions are

becoming increasingly complex, creating a demand for new

approaches to software development and validation. One of

the fundamental challenges lies in guaranteeing the reliability

of the functional and non-functional communication behavior.

Model-based methods can be used to create an abstraction

that helps developers deal effectively with these complex

network and interaction environments. A key example is

executable specification models, which aid in identifying and

localizing weaknesses and gaps in the specification during the

early phases of development. Such models have already been

successfully implemented by Fraunhofer ESK for validating the

interface behavior of vehicle software functions.

Fraunhofer ESK is enabling the use of these improved domain-

specific test methods in real development environments by

integrating them into tool platforms. This is frequently ac-

complished by creating model transformations for integrat-

ing various models and processes, which allow engineers to

generate and test different communication interface imple-

mentations.

CORE COmPETENCEs

Gereon Weiss

Group Manager, Automotive Software

Phone: +49 89 547088-348

[email protected]

Gereon Weiss

Group Manager, Automotive Software

Phone: +49 89 547088-348

[email protected]


multicore software

Multicore processes are now making inroads into the automa-

tion and automotive industries. Developing software for these

systems is a difficult task however, because non-deterministic

errors must be resolved and non-functional requirements have

to be ensured despite distributed resources. For this reason,

Fraunhofer ESK focuses on two key areas in the field of multi-

core software.

One aspect is the validation of the communication behavior in

distributed and highly-integrated systems. The ERNEST frame-

work is used here to simulate models of distributed software

components and examine their non-functional requirements.

Engineers are currently pursuing the real-time virtualization

of communication interfaces in order to facilitate their parallel

use through software components.

The second thrust involves error detection and resolution in

parallel and distributed systems. Here, researchers are develop-

ing tools that record and analyze the software operations. The

recorded information essentially represents a chronicle of the

software state. Since this allows software errors to be detected

much earlier, debugging is considerably easier.

Ronald Strebelow

Research Associate

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-351

[email protected]

13

automatIon teChnology

In the automation technology market segment, Fraunhofer ESK focuses its research and development activities on wireless technologies, as well as on software architectures and tools for the development of flexible auto-mation components. Examples include:

n Awair – a fully automatic online quality control monitoring solution for industrial wireless network environments

n Plethora – a wireless sensor network platform for the rapid prototyping of sensor network solutions

n Cognitive radio research for the development of future industrial wire-less standards

n Communication and localization software solutions n Tool chains for the trace-based debugging of software in embedded

multicore systems

Customers in this market segment include companies in the field of auto-mation technology, production technology and other relevant branches.

15

With companies turning out a wider range of product variants and manufac-

turing in small batch sizes, the need for more versatile and flexible machinery

and equipment is growing. This is driving the demand for shorter retrofitting

intervals with the same high level of system availability. Achieving the required

flexibility and efficiency calls for automation technologies that increasingly

replace mechanical operations with electronics and software, particularly by

combining local wireless network and Internet communication technologies.

With this in mind, we believe software engineering and Internet-based wireless

communication networking represent key technologies for future generations

of products manufactured with automation technologies. Over the mid-term,

this trend will lead to powerful, flexible production platforms that boast a high

level of information and communication (ICT) functionality. This will provide

new opportunities to develop globally-networked manufacturing systems with

a much greater focus on the needs of the customer. Such ICT-centric production

systems, which are being promoted under the banner of “Industry 4.0,” possess

the potential to permanently change, and even revolutionize, the manufacturing

industry.

Over the short- to mid-term, these future production platforms will lead to

demand for research into flexible and scalable high-grade automation compo-

nents that are capable of guaranteeing real-time capability, stability, robustness,

Dr.-Ing. Mike Heidrich

Business Unit Manager Industrial Communication

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-377

[email protected]

Dr.-Ing. Mike Heidrich joined the Fraunhofer

Institute for Embedded Systems and Commu-

nication Technology ESK in 1999 as a research

fellow. In 2009, he was appointed head of

the Industrial Communication business unit.

His expertise lies in the field of industrial

communication and wireless networking,

in addition to the areas of software develop-

ment and methods.

Dr. Heidrich successfully completed his doctoral

thesis in 2012 at the University of Augsburg

under the title “Adaptive error prevention in

wireless local networks for the optimal trans-

mission of scalable, encoded video data.”

Prior to joining Fraunhofer ESK, Dr. Heidrich

worked for Munich-based Pichler Engineering

GmbH where he was active in software develop-

ment and project/product management within

the SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Ac-

quisition) systems business unit. In this capacity

he was responsible for software projects in the

manufacturing industry, as well as for the design

and development of SCADA software products.

AUTOmATiON TEChNOLOgy

16

On-going projects

n� �Wireless sensor networks – intelligent and

reliable sensor networks for industrial auto-

mation applications

n� �Cognitive radio – reliable wireless for manu-

facturing and production

New projects

n� �Framework for Indoor and Outdoor Naviga-

tion Assistance

n� �Tracing for embedded multicore systems

availability and uninterruptible and secure communication. Fraunhofer ESK

makes significant contributions to this field of work, particularly in the area

of industrial wireless communication and embedded software architectures

and tools.

17

Wireless communication systems are becoming an increas-

ingly attractive solution for industrial applications. In order

to utilize them for data transmission in an actual production

environment however, these systems must fulfill impor-

tant requirements such as reliability, security and real-time

capability. With Awair, Fraunhofer ESK offers a measure-

ment solution that can be used for planning new industrial

wireless networks, as well as for monitoring the quality of

live systems.

Planning and continuous monitoring

An interference-free wireless system requires that the radio

spectrum be thoroughly planned in accordance with the

VDI/VDE 2185 and IEC/TS 62657-2 coexistence specifica-

tions. Awair analyzes the relevant characteristics of the radio

channel. Using a complex analysis metric, it determines the

channel quality through information such as current channel

occupancy and sources of interference. This provides a quick

picture regarding the feasibility of integrating new wireless

systems into existing environments.

Despite proper planning, wireless connections can still

experience outages and lead to costly production downtime.

Industrial wireless networks can be impacted by defective

sensors, actuators or access nodes, as well as by mobile

phones with WLAN or Bluetooth® turned on. To counter

these situations, Awair can permanently monitor industrial

wireless networks while they are running in order to identify

node outages and other abnormalities in the utilization of

channels in the time and frequency representation. It thus

serves as a tool to forestall production outages.

Cost-effective, hardware-independent concept

Awair is a software-based solution requiring minimal hard-

ware that can be used to set up a scalable distributed system

from wireless sensors. Products such as commercially-available

access points can be deployed as sensors, which serve to carry

out the spectrum sensing. The measurement data is then trans-

mitted to a server via Ethernet, where it is stored and analyzed.

The analysis results can be viewed in HTML5 format using nearly

any browser-capable end user device.

Awair represents a cost-effective, yet powerful monitoring

system for industrial wireless networks. The know-how inte-

grated into Awair is especially interesting for system manu-

facturers, who can acquire licenses and product development

support from Fraunhofer ESK.

The project is being funded by the Bavarian Ministry of

Economic Affairs and Media, Energy and Technology.

AwAiR: mONiTORiNg ThE qUALiTy OF iNdUsTRiAL wiRELEss NETwORks

h i g h L i g h T

Awair acts as an early warning system by monitoring the frequency

spectrum to identify potential service interruptions.


Systems for localizing people and objects in buildings are

usually installed parallel to existing sensor networks. To avoid

this additional investment, while creating a platform for the

development of a common data transmission, automation and

localization system, Fraunhofer ESK initiated the “Localization

and Communication System” project.

As part of this project, engineers developed the research and

development radio platform Plethora that features multiple

wireless system standards and sensors. The platform is suit-

able for testing different application scenarios in fields such

as building automation, as well as new localization methods

under realistic conditions.

the Plethora platform in detail

For controlling the sensors and wireless modules the Plethora

platform features a high-performance Cortex-M3 microcontroller.

For communication and localization, Plethora has transceivers

for the 868 MHz band, the LR-WPAN (IEEE 802.15.4) and the

2.4 GHz WLAN standard (IEEE 802.11 b/g). Each transceiver

has its own amplifier and software-controlled antenna output

which allows the impact of various antennas and transmission

levels on the localization and range of the system.

The platform comes installed with ambient light, barometer,

temperature and humidity sensors, in addition to a combined

3-axis accelerometer/magnetometer sensor. A CAN interface

provides additional connectivity for automotive applications.

Plethora is powered by a lithium-polymer battery that can be

charged via a USB or 12V connection.

The platform also comes with an expansion plug for which

a new ultra wideband transceiver module has already been

designed. This allows engineers to examine some of the

advanced capabilities of the technology, such as significantly

higher transmission speeds and more precise localization.

Additional hardware can also be integrated into the system.

testing under realistic conditions

With the Plethora multi-standard radio platform, engineers

are able to test ESK’s own localization and communication

system under realistic conditions in diverse scenarios and

then optimize the system for the individual application. That

allows them to incorporate improvements into the develop-

ment of the firmware by measuring the energy used by the

transceivers and sensors for instance. This can significantly

improve the energy efficiency of the system. Plethora also

provides a streamlined way to compare the various properties

of different wireless technologies. Last but not least, the ex-

pandability of the Plethora platform makes it an ideal starting

point for evaluating future processes.

outlook

After evaluating the various wireless technologies, Fraunhofer

ESK will continue to enhance and optimize the hardware with

respect to the physical dimensions, energy consumption and

costs. A comprehensive software framework will be developed

in parallel to further simplify access to the system and to better

link the various technologies with one another. This know-how

brings Fraunhofer ESK in the position of being able to develop

localization and communication systems tailored to the

individual needs of the customer regarding the type of power

supply, the integration of existing sensors and networks and

the special characteristics of the application itself.

PLEThORA – COmmUNiCATiON, AUTOmATiON, LOCALizATiON

h i g h L i g h T


T O P i C

Wireless communication offers a flexible and user-friendly

method for exchanging data, making it an increasingly popular

alternative for industrial applications. Apart from exchanging

sensor, actuator data and localizing data sources, other im-

portant applications include control processes for automated

production systems.

stringent requirements

One of the prerequisites of utilizing wireless systems in industrial

environments is real-time capability. Added to that are factors

such as stability, robustness and availability, which are important

in ensuring uninterruptible and robust communication processes.

Energy consumption and battery life times often play a major

role as well. Ascertaining which standard is suitable for a specific

application can be accomplished by mapping the requirements

to the physical characteristics of the wireless transmission system.

If no standard system satisfies the demands of the application,

custom solutions are developed to address the problem.

reliability through planning

Wireless systems are vulnerable to external interference and other

influences. They can also impact one another when they are

operating on the same or adjacent frequencies within the same

location. Ensuring the availability of a robust transmission sys-

tem requires thorough planning and monitoring. Furthermore,

coexistence management can be used to avoid frequency over-

lap. Since the system design and the environmental conditions

can rapidly change, coexistence and quality monitoring must be

constantly carried out while the system is actively running.

Fraunhofer esK development support

Fraunhofer ESK has been active in field of local wireless com-

munication for more than 10 years. As a result, our research-

ers boast extensive expertise in the design and development

of industrial-scale wireless systems. In the field of industrial

communication, the institute focuses on the planning and

monitoring of industrial wireless networks and the develop-

ment of industrial sensor networks.

Fraunhofer ESK advises companies on the use of wireless

transmission systems for mission-critical applications. With

Awair, an in-house developed platform, we also offer a solu-

tion for performing coexistence analysis and troubleshooting

on live wireless networks. Our full range of services includes:n Coexistence management consulting and supportn Support when choosing technologies and systemsn Implementation of the Awair system for monitoring the

quality of productive wireless networksn On-site analyses

Industrial sensor network development

Fraunhofer ESK provides various development services to

industrial customers. We can bring existing solutions to new

projects, whether it involves protocols, hardware designs or our

own development platforms. The range of services includes:n Industrial sensor network n Software specifications

planning and design n Prototype developmentn Technology selection n Test and validationn Hardware design

wiRELEss iNdUsTRiAL sOLUTiONs

Dr. Barbara Staehle

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-367

[email protected]


P R O j E C T

The potential for interference from signals and reflections

makes localizing people and objects in buildings a difficult

task. Correspondingly, precise localization technologies are

usually expensive and energy-hungry. To address this issue,

Fraunhofer ESK developed a very precise, yet energy-efficient

and low-cost localization system.

The ESK Localization and Communication System is comprised

of anchor nodes at fixed positions and energy-efficient wireless

tags attached to the objects to be localized. The system relies

on RSSI (receive signal strength indicator), a generic metric

based on the power present in a received radio signal. This is a

low-cost technology supported by commercially-available wire-

less communication modules. Since RSSI is less interference-

tolerant than more expensive technologies, Fraunhofer ESK

Wireless communication offers a flexible and user-friendly

method for exchanging data, making it an increasingly popular

alternative for industrial automation systems. Typical applica-

tions include process control, sensor and actuator data exchange

and other machine-to-machine (M2M) scenarios.

To ensure uninterruptible and robust communication processes,

wireless systems must be real-time capable and feature a

high level of stability, robustness and availability. Currently, this

can only be managed with cognitive radio, a technology that

enables a communication device to recognize and dynamically

adapt itself to the environment.

With this in mind, Fraunhofer ESK co-developed a cognitive

radio prototype with several partners. The aim is to evaluate the

developed a localization and calibration algorithm that en-

sures effective and stable operation of the localization system.

Communication between the anchor nodes is done via the

widely-used IEEE 802.15.4 lower layer protocol. That means

the system can handle other data in addition to the wire-

less communication functionality. In order to provide accurate

localization services in even more difficult or rugged environ-

ments, researchers are working towards the integration of

additional localization technologies.

Fraunhofer ESK offers support to customers who want to

integrate and adapt the ESK Localization and Communication

System to specific applications in areas such as agriculture,

logistics and construction.

technical feasibility of wireless communication in M2M applica-

tions while demonstrating efficiency and reliability improve-

ments by exploiting the availability of existing radio resources in

industrial environments. The core elements of the architecture

include spectrum sensing functionality, transmission signal

synthesis, receiver-side channel equalization and demodulation,

and intelligent channel access.

Assuming the business potential of cognitive radio is confirmed,

realization of the technology will focus on direct marketing of the

hardware platform and licensing of the algorithms and optimized

features, as well as customer-specific enhancements to the platform.

The project is being funded by the German Federal Ministry of

Education and Research.

LOCATiON ANd COmmUNiCATiON sysTEm

COgNiTivE RAdiO PROTOTyPE


T O P i C

method of observing individual functions is inadequate. Instead,

troubleshooting has to be approached by observing the over-

all system behavior; in other words, the softwares’ functions

and the operating system. By capturing the functionality and

process scheduling of the operating system, engineers can

simply juxtapose the trace data to uncover the nature and cause

of these problems.

outlook

The goal of the current work involves the development of

an Eclipse-based tool for analyzing and visualizing trace data

regardless of its origin or encoding format. The aim is to use

this as a foundation for developing customer-specific modules

that analyze and represent problem-specific data. Apart from

the pure analysis of trace data, researchers develop methods

that will allow the trace data to be analyzed directly on the

system under observation. This type of method can be used

to map the current behavior of an application to the expected

behavior to immediately identify a potential error while

immediately running an analysis of the trace data to pinpoint

the possible cause, all without the further intervention of the

developer. Collaboration projects in this area include trouble-

shooting support, customer and industry specific enhance-

ments for rectifying problem categories that occur frequently

and integration of the Fraunhofer ESK tool into the customer’s

tool chain.

Although multicore processors are powerful, they increase the

potential for errors. This was the conclusion of a software de-

veloper survey conducted by Fraunhofer ESK, which revealed

that debugging is one of their most difficult challenges and

that the available tools are not always adequate. In particular,

time-critical and multicore-capable software conceals errors

that are extremely difficult to reproduce. To address this issue,

Fraunhofer ESK developed several methods and techniques

designed to simplify the identification and rectification of errors

by relying on trace data (recording of program execution).

tracing – an alternative to conventional debugging

Currently available debugging tools, which are still optimized

for sequential programs, rarely address the unique aspects of

time-critical software and they cannot trace-back the causes of

errors. Tracing, on the other hand, is already well-established

in many domains, from high performance computing to

embedded systems. The trace data allows software engineers

to run in-depth analyses of parallel processes or response time

behaviors in time-critical software programs. In each case the

challenge lies in properly preparing the information and having

a good understanding of the specific application. Only then

can the data be successfully analyzed and represented in a way

such that the developer can comprehend it.

application example

In time-critical systems such as manufacturing process con-

trol, parallel operations mainly result from the integration of

different functions. These functions have the potential for

interfering with one another as a result of indirect depend-

encies, such as shared hardware resources. Getting to the

root of such problems is not an easy task. The conventional

TRACE-bAsEd dEbUggiNg FOR mULTiCORE sOFTwARE

Ronald Strebelow

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-351

[email protected]


P R O j E C T

data. Using this work as a foundation, the researchers are

developing flexible methods for analyzing and visualizing

traces by concentrating on the combination of traces from

different sources, among other approaches.

The processes and tools will be evaluated using case scenarios.

The trace analyses are being used specifically for diagnosing

and troubleshooting complex, distributed communication

systems. A prototype module was developed that permits

technicians to identify and pinpoint the causes of errors and

bottlenecks in vectored DSL systems.



Software developers are facing new challenges that stem from

the use of multicore processors in embedded systems. Fraun-

hofer ESK is working with 11 partners to create development

tools and methods designed specifically for embedded multi-

core systems. The project team, which is made up of research

institutes, tool manufacturers and users, is slated to complete

its work by the end of 2014. The activities are focused on the

enhancement of existing tools, broadening the support for

multicore platforms and merging the tools into a toolchain.

Fraunhofer ESK’s contribution centers on the processing of

trace data that is captured at runtime. In order to streamline

integration of the tools, the project team collaborated on the

development of a common exchange format for the trace

major issues such as insufficient requirements specifications,

debugging time-critical software and reproducing errors.

The need for tools correlates directly to the complexity of the

task. The areas of debugging, testing and specifications are

therefore where the greatest demand for tools can be found.

As with the V-model, developers typically rely on commercially-

available tools for specifications and modeling, while open

source and in-house tools are normally utilized for debugging

and testing. In light of the trend towards the utilization of

multicore processors in safety-critical embedded systems, the

survey revealed a clear need for development in this area.

As part of a survey involving roughly 50 software developers

from the automotive, automation and telecommunication

industries, Fraunhofer ESK identified a range of issues that

impact the development of software for multicore-based

embedded systems.

The survey revealed that the primary reasons for deploying

multicore processors are processing power and cost. The sur-

vey participants indicated that performance and deterministic

behavior represent the key characteristics of their software.

The most complex steps include debugging, testing and the

software specifications. Software developers identified several

TOOLChAiN FOR EmbEddEd mULTiCORE sysTEms

sURvEy: EmbEddEd sysTEms sOFTwARE dEvELOPmENT


L A b

AUTOmATiON LAb

The Fraunhofer ESK Automation Lab offers a wide range of

measurement, testing and development platforms designed

specifically for communication systems.

ESK’s proprietary Awair solution monitors wireless environ-

ments in real-time to identify potential sources of interference

to ensure efficient and robust wireless network operation. The

measurement data reveals what type of interference to expect.

It can also be used to determine which wireless solution is best

suited for a particular environment. For the wide range of appli-

cations in the building communication sector – door communi-

cation, smart metering or localization for instance – Fraunhofer

ESK has an extensive selection of platforms that it can use to

perform comparison studies and evaluations in order to support

companies in developing, selecting and installing such systems.

With the institute’s own modular platform for the rapid

prototyping of sensor networks – Plethora – plus an array of

energy-saving software modules, engineers can quickly design

and implement sensor network solutions tailored to specific

applications. This platform, which relies on software defined

radio (SDR) technology, offers a simple approach for deter-

mining the feasibility and functionality of innovative cognitive

transmission methods.

The lab also has a model production automation system that

enables the testing of wireless technologies in real-time environ-

ments. The modular design enables the prototype implementa-

tion of any type of heterogeneous scenario using conventional

and Ethernet-based field buses. Various control components

allow the testing of distributed software architectures based on

IEC 61131-3 and IEC 61499.

In the area of software architectures and methods, the lab main-

tains systems for researching and testing new architecture ap-

proaches and design methods for parallel multicore applications.

equIPment

test environment for analyzing the wireless spectrum, radio propagation and wireless protocols. n Wideband transmit and receive antenna system (300 MHz – 7 GHz)n Spectrum analyzer (benchtop and portable)n Vector network analyzern Oscilloscopen Signal generatorn Logic analyzern Awair platform for real-time monitoring of the wireless spectrum

software defined radio technologyn Hardware: USRP2 with 2.4/5 GHz and 868 MHz daughterboardn Development environment: Matlab and GNURadio

sensor network developmentn Transceiver modules: CC11xx, CC24xx and CC25xx n Standards: IEEE 802.15.4, Zigbee ISA100/Wireless HARTn Operating systems: TinyOS, FreeRTOS, Contiki, Linuxn Microcontrollers: ATmega, MSP, EFM32, STM32n In-house developed modular hardware platform with WLAN,

802.15.4 and 868 MHz transceiversn Software modules (MAC, routing, bootloader and others)

software architectures and methodsn Multicore environments: Intel, AMD, Cavium Octeonn Model production automation system with distributed controls n Simatic S7, WAGO FBC, Codesys, Beremiz, 4DIAC


automotIVe

The modern vehicle is increasingly becoming part of an intelligent environ-ment. With this trend in mind, researchers at Fraunhofer ESK are actively working on communication and networking infrastructures within the vehicle and its environment, as well as on the development of dependable automotive software. These activities include:

n Conformance tests for TCP/IP software stacks n Networks, protocols and software architectures for reliable internal

vehicle communicationn Prototyping of infotainment and telematics applications using the

Fraunhofer ESK ARTiS platformn Cooperative driver assistance functions, ambient data capturing and

modeling, data aggregation and forwardingn Modeling of the functional and non-functional characteristics of

automotive software and Car-to-X servicesn Model-driven analysis and validation of automotive ECUs and Car-to-X

services n New processes and methods for designing and validating vehicle software n Design and development of automotive software tool platforms

Customers include automotive and commercial vehicle manufacturers, electronics suppliers, software tool providers and manufacturers of road infrastructure equipment and ITS systems.

27

When drivers are asked what they expect from vehicles in the future, the

most common response is safety, followed by efficiency, comfort and flexibil-

ity. From a technology standpoint, this translates into a demand for increased

networking capability, both within the vehicle and with its environment.

Today’s vehicles are evolving into a progressively complex network of systems

with different requirements, be it depedability or quality. Particularly in the

field of electromobility, the challenge is designing new vehicle concepts based

on distributed, software-controlled power trains, which also includes issues

regarding the communication architecture.

Furthermore, future vehicles will have a high degree of networking with their

external environments, allowing the implementation of new services and

driver assistance functions. Properly managing the complexity of the internal

and external communication as part of the design process requires abstract,

model-driven descriptions of the functional and non-functional characteristics

of the system.

Dr.-Ing Dirk Eilers

Business Unit Manager Automotive

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-329

[email protected]

Dr.-Ing. Dirk Eilers joined Fraunhofer ESK

in 1999 and was appointed head of the

Auto motive Business Unit in 2007. Dr. Eilers

specializes in the fields of automotive com-

munication protocols, dynamic reconfigurable

platforms and embedded systems. He is a

graduate of the Technical University Braun-

schweig where he received his degree in

electronics engineering in 1999.He completed

his doctoral thesis on the subject of “dynamic

reconfiguration of adaptive real-time commu-

nications systems” in 2006.

Dr. Eilers has been on the advisory board of

the Innovation Forum Embedded Systems

since 2009. He is also a member of the Car2Car

Communication Consortium and ITS Bavaria, as

well as a spokesperson for the GENIVI Alliance.

AUTOmOTivE

28

On-going projects

n� �Rapid prototyping with ezCar2X

n� �ARTiS prototyping family

n� �ERNEST framework for software

validation

n� �E-mobility

New projects

n� �Software defined car

n� �SafeAdapt – adaptive software

architecture for vehicles

n� �openETCS – reliable software for

rail systems

Future vehicles will thus exhibit a seamless and high degree of networking.

To increase safety, efficiency and driving comfort, Fraunhofer ESK conducts

research into efficient automotive E/E networks, technologies and methods

for vehicle-to-environment networking, and design methods for automotive

applications in complex, adaptive environments.

29

h i g h L i g h T

Testing automotive software and electronic control units

under real conditions requires complex test environments.

With the ARTiS (Automotive Realtime Prototyping System)

prototype family, tests can be carried out during the early

phases of development in a low-cost and streamlined manner.

The ARTiS family includes ARTiS-RT for real-time applica-

tions, ARTiS-PC for infotainment and Car-to-X applications

and ARTiS-XT, which combines ARTiS-PC and ARTiS-RT into

a single platform.

utilization with prototype vehicles

ARTiS-RT offers access to vehicle buses such as CAN, FlexRay

and MOST, as well as Ethernet, USB and all digital and analog

inputs and outputs. It has the capability to shift to a low power

idle state and then be reactivated by the vehicle buses. Because

the platform behaves like a serial electronic control unit (ECU),

it can be used with vehicle prototypes and in field tests under

real conditions.

Wide range of applications

The ARTiS hardware provides the flexibility to use the plat-

form with a wide range of applications. ARTiS-RT features

numerous digital and analog inputs and outputs. ARTiS-PC

offers a PC-like architecture and the option to connect a

display monitor. It can also be expanded with mini-PCI cards

that support functionality such as wireless communication.

ARTiS-XT combines the ARTiS-RT and ARTiS-PC platforms.

The software resident in all of the ARTiS platforms can be pro-

grammed as needed. ARTiS-RT can be used with AUTOSAR,

eCos, FreeRTOS and a ported version of Linux. ARTiS-PC

operates with a minimally-modified Linux distribution. The

under lying software can be optimized and modified for specific

customer applications.

The ARTiS prototyping family can be used as an onboard unit,

roadside unit, central ECU or as a gateway between different

vehicle buses, thus offering the flexibility to cover a wide range

of typical applications.

Fraunhofer ESK continually enhances the ARTiS product fam-

ily and is pursuing new developments such as a multicore

solution involving mixed criticality systems, as well as energy-

efficient systems.

ARTis FAmiLy – PROTOTyPiNg UNdER REAL CONdiTiONs

miniPCI + miniPCIe(WLAN, Car-to-X, mobile radio etc.)

Periphery(DVI, Ethernet, USB, Audio, RS232 etc.)

Vehicle input(CAN, FlexRay, MOST, GPIO etc.)

ARTiS-XT

ARTiS-PC

USBAtom Z520PT/

Atom Z530

ARTiS-RT

MPC5554PM

Hardware architecture of ARTiS-XT


h i g h L i g h T

Future vehicles will be able to share information in real-

time with each other, or with the traffic infrastructure, using

wireless communication. This so-called Car-to-X communi-

cation serves as an important contribution to improved

traffic safety and efficiency and enables a wide variety of

innovative services. Apart from its use in intelligent traffic

systems, end-to-end networking is especially beneficial in

cooperative driver assistance systems since it expands the

driver’s field of view.

In addition to a having communication platform, other

services are required in order to develop such applications.

Integrating digital map data allows the system to take into

account the local road topology and navigation information.

Sensors, which are utilized to detect the surrounding vehicle

environment or a monitoring station, supply vital data used

in calculating algorithms. Processes for reliably modeling and

evaluating the actual traffic and driving situation form the

consolidated basis for context-dependent applications. With

this in mind, Fraunhofer ESK developed ezCar2X, a flexible

software framework that creates

the key components needed for

rapidly developing prototype appli-

cations for use in vehicle-to-environ-

ment networking. The platform has

a rich selection of functionality that

includes current ETSI ITS communi-

cation standards and connections

for external user interfaces such as

smartphones or tablets. This enables

vehicle manufacturers, suppliers

and road infrastructure operators to

quickly implement new ideas and

evaluate them under real conditions.

Because of its flexibility, modularity and portability, the ver-

satile framework can be implemented under a wide range of

conditions. If needed, individual functions can be swapped

out and replaced by other implementations without having

to modify the remaining systems. Because of the high

degree of abstraction, hardware-near components can be

adapted with little effort. Despite its portability, the frame-

work retains its performance because it can still rely on the

native compiler and platform-specific optimizations. Another

advantage is that no additional runtime environment or middle-

ware is required.

The ezCar2X framework, which has already been imple-

mented in a variety of prototypes, will be continually en-

hanced. In addition to the software framework, Fraunhofer

ESK also offers its own ARTiS hardware platform, which

allows ezCar2X to be used as a roadside unit or an onboard

unit. The institute can thus provide an all-in-one prototype

solution for networked applications used in intelligent traffic

systems.

ezCar2X: sTREAmLiNEd dEvELOPmENT OF APPLiCATiONs FOR NETwORkEd vEhiCLEs

Car-to-X communication helps to prevent secondary accidents.


h i g h L i g h T

The automotive industry is facing new challenges with the

advent of electric drive trains. The use of fully electric engines

means a shift toward the fully electric control of many func-

tions. Highly-integrated subsystems such as wheel-hub motors

and X-by-wire components are extremely critical to the safe

operation of the vehicle. As part of the EU-funded SafeAdapt

project, and under the coordination of Fraunhofer ESK, a

consortium of 10 partners including Siemens AG, Corpo-

rate Technology, TTTech Computertechnik AG and Delphi

Deutsch land GmbH are redesigning the E/E architecture to

reduce complexity to a minimum while driving down costs

and improving efficiency.

Platform core offers cost-effective redundancy

The SafeAdapt platform core combines different hardware

platforms with the aim of providing redundancy for safety-

critical systems in a cost-efficient manner. This approach

enables generic problem resolution based on the ability of the

system to autonomously reconfigure. This capability derives

through the intelligent use of ECU hardware resources, as well

as through the utilization of a fault-tolerant, time-triggered

communication network.

built-in design methodology

Ensuring safe adaption of the software at runtime requires

knowing the specific behavior of the system in various

states of configuration. The required information is provided

through a self description of the individual software com-

ponents. The specification of the adaptation in the design

defines both the adaptations and the requirements. The

design methodology developed in the project is based on

existing modeling languages such as UML or EAST-ADL and

works with AUTOSAR since the E/E system is described at the

system level. Hence, any off-the-shelf AUTOSAR toolchain can

be combined with the SafeAdapt methodology.

reuse of software components through certification

Another challenge is the need to run a new certification

process in line with the ISO 26262 standard for each vehicle

model. Utilizing the safety element out of context (SEooc)

approach, SafeAdapt will include concepts for individually

certifying software components. This will allow the reuse

of software components in various vehicle models without

having to recertify them.

The SafeAdapt approach is designed to:n reduce complexity and hardware costs n handle errors in safety-critical systems through adaptation

or reconfiguration n reduce development, test and certification costs

The new concepts, as well as the components developed as

part of the project, will be integrated into an existing vehicle

prototype and evaluated to determine their suitability for use

in real environments.

The project is being funded through the EU’s Seventh Frame

work Program (FP7) under grant agreement 608945.

sAFEAdAPT: sAFE AdAPTivE sOFTwARE FOR FULLy ELECTRiC vEhiCLEs


h i g h L i g h T

The growing demand for more functionality and communica-

tion capability is constantly making embedded systems more

complex. In particular, the testing of non-functional character-

istics is vital to ensuring error-free functionality in distributed

systems. In order to reduce development costs and create more

robust software systems, the early validation of non-functional

requirements is essential.

open simulation and analysis framework

The ERNEST (EaRly verification and validation of Networked

Embedded SysTems) framework developed by engineers at

Fraunhofer ESK is an open platform designed for analyzing

component-based software systems used in networked embed-

ded systems in the early stages of development. The objective

is to be able to validate non-functional requirements as early as

the system modeling and design phases.

Integration and adaptability

One of the key features of the ERNEST design is its broad utility.

For this reason, the engineers made sure that the analysis com-

ponent maintains as much independence as possible from the

modeling language used to design the system architecture. This

was achieved by developing a meta model that makes it possible

to represent the information which is relevant for the simulation.

simulation-based analyses

The core of the ERNEST framework is a simulation-based

analysis system for which a framework was developed using

the SystemC description language. The framework helps to

simulate the behavior (hardware, software and communica-

tion) of the modeled embedded system as closely as possible.

Opening up the base framework, adding Eclipse connectivity

and eventually making the software available on an open source

basis ensures license-free utilization and further development

of the ERNEST platform. Fraunhofer ESK can provide additional

enhancements such as support for special bus systems (i. e. CAN)

or transformations of system descriptions, including EAST-ADL

or AUTOSAR.

The ERNEST framework will be continually enhanced by Fraun-

hofer ESK. The quality of the analyses depends on the degree

of detail of the data in the user model, as well as the quality

of the models at the simulation level. Interested users can

download the initial version of the ERNEST framework at no

cost under http://s.fhg.de/ERNEST.

ERNEsT – EARLy-sTAgE vALidATiON ANd vERiFiCATiON ThROUgh simULATiON

Structure Timing

User model

Userfeedback

Simulationtrace

M2M trans-formation

M2T trans-formation

Analysis model

SystemC simulation

etc.

Eclip

se

ERN

EST

The ERNEST-Framework in the model-based software development

process


T O P i C

detect problems and outages and automatically initiate

measures to resolve them.

energy efficiency

An energy-efficient system design is particularly important

with electric vehicles given that their range is limited by

the amount of energy they store and use. Because of the

numerous operational states that can occur, researchers are

looking at ways to estimate energy consumption as early as

possible. This affords an opportunity to optimize the design

of the partial networking functionality and the placement of

the software modules.

services

n Solutions for safe, flexible and efficient vehicle ICT archi-

tecturesn R & D services for designing vehicle E/E and ICT archi-

tecturesn Methods for I/O virtualization on multicore systemsn Energy consumption prognosis and optimization in the early

phases of embedded system designn Distributed system design methods under the aspects of

functional safetyn Engineering solutions for implementing adaptive systems for

safety-critical applications

Because of the high degree of decentralization and software-

based functionality, electric vehicles require new system

architectures. To help to address this issue, Fraunhofer ESK

developed a central electronic control unit that ensures both

system safety and component modularity. Information and

communication technologies are a vital element of electric

vehicles that are used to implement the bulk of the function-

ality. Mechanical components such as the brakes and differ-

ential can be implemented with software. This increases the

complexity of the ICT architecture and places new demands on

the system architecture, functional safety and energy efficiency

of the automobile.

system architecture

Reducing the complexity of the ICT architecture requires

modularizing the vehicle software so that it can be flexibly

combined. Key to this process is virtualization, which ensures

spatial and temporal separation when running the software

modules. This is especially important with mixed criticality

systems when safety-critical and non-safety-critical modules

interact. ESK researchers focus on virtualization solutions that

can guarantee timely access to common peripherals. Another

important aspect is dynamic software adaptation. In this area

researchers are working on generic, system-wide uniform

troubleshooting based on the ability of the system to adapt

at runtime. This can improve the reliability and expandability

of the ICT system.

Functional safety

Software-based, safety-critical systems are a vital component

in electric vehicles. With this in mind, ESK researchers examine

new ICT architectures that not only enable functional safety,

but also make it possible to improve system robustness and

availability. This requires for instance the capability to actively

iCT FOR ELECTROmObiLiTy

Falk Langer

Phone: +49 89 547088-327

[email protected]


P R O j E C T

Flexible ICt infrastructure for future vehicles

The challenge for the ESK researchers is opening up the ICT

infrastructure for various application concepts while ensuring

reliable operation of the safety-critical driving functions. The

only path to ensuring flexible and therefore high utilization of

the e-vehicle is to create a simple, streamlined development

environment for the control and application software. This is

made possible by the special modular ICT architecture of the

central electronic control unit.

This project is supported by the German Federal Ministry for

Economic Affairs and Energy.

Future inner-city electric vehicles should be made more cost

effective by maximizing their use. This can be achieved by

making them versatile enough for a wide range of uses,

whether in the morning as a taxi, in the afternoon for car

sharing or in the evening for inner-city delivery services. Using

one and the same vehicle for different purposes requires that

they have their own set of functions. As part of the “Adap-

tive City Mobility” project, Fraunhofer ESK is addressing this

issue by researching and developing an open information

and communication technology (ICT) vehicle architecture that

provides service operators, vehicle manufacturers and users

the maximum flexibility to adapt the vehicle to the application

despite having a minimum set of functions by default.

Central electronic control unit for infotainment and

vehicle applications

The heart of the ICT infrastructure is a central electronic control

unit (CECU) based on a multicore processor. The CECU houses all

of the safety-critical and non-safety-critical functions. The three

different protected areas in the CECU afford a maximum degree

of flexibility: a protected real-time area for the vehicle’s driving

functions, an open area for the service operator’s own applica-

tions and an area for interaction with the user’s smartphone. To

reduce the energy consumption of the electronics, researchers

are working on a process that makes it possible to estimate the

energy consumption in the early phases of development.

bring your own device – the user interface

Due to the short development cycles for mobile devices and

the desired flexibility provided by apps that can be retroactively

installed, the vehicles are operated with smartphones. The

apps can retrieve information such as speed, position and bat-

tery status in addition to operating the climate control system

or battery charging process.

sOFTwARE dEFiNEd CAR

Batterymanagement

Motorcontrol

Tablet/Smartphone ■ User interface ■ Navigation ■ etc.

Central electronic control unit

Realtime partition ■ Vehicle control ■ Vehicle access

Infotainment partitions ■ Webservice for vehicle data ■ Car-to-X communication ■ Car info service

etc.

User

Op

erator

Manufacturer

Architecture in the software-defined car


T O P i C

in the design phase. In this area Fraunhofer ESK carries out

research into special methods for verifying QoS in Ethernet

systems.

IP-based communication

IP-based communication is also increasingly utilized to ex-

change information between functions in the vehicle. Because

additional protocols are used for this purpose, the term IP-

based middleware is frequently heard. That means the middle-

ware assumes responsibility for not only pure data transport,

but also for network and services management.

Fraunhofer ESK develops solutions designed for reliable Ether-

net/IP communication in embedded systems.n TCP/IP conformity testing for AUTOSAR, DoIP, ISO 15118

(vehicle-to-grid) n Methods for verifying QoS in Ethernet systemsn R & D services related to TCP/IP-based communication for

standards such as AUTOSAR, GENIVI, SOME/IP and IP-based

middleware

In order to open up new network technologies and protocols

and evaluate how they can be integrated at a later point,

Fraunhofer ESK develops various measurement and test plat-

forms, which researchers use to determine the conformity of

TCP/IP protocol implementations.

Ethernet and IP technologies are meanwhile an integral part

of the modern automobile. This is being driven in particu-

lar by vehicle diagnostics access (DoIP) and the ISO 15118

interface for electric vehicle-to-grid communication. Ethernet

and IP are also being used for internal vehicle communica-

tion. With the advent of AUTOSAR Release 4.1, AUTOSAR

electronic control units (ECU) can now communicate with

one another via TCP/IP. Infotainment applications have long

used TCP/IP. This is why web browsing and standard Internet

applications are an integral part of the GENIVI open source

platform.

Verifying ethernet/IP systems

Embedded devices, such as those deployed in automotive

systems, rely on special TCP/IP stacks. These devices have

to operate under the constraints of limited memory and

processing power in addition to special operating systems like

AUTOSAR. Safeguarding the reliable functionality of these

stacks requires testing to make sure the corresponding proto-

col specification is being adhered to. In this area Fraunhofer

ESK offers TCP/IP stack developers the possibility to analyze

the behavior of their software.

With embedded systems, adherence to non-functional charac-

teristics is just as important as adherence to the specification.

When looking at the communication behavior, these charac-

teristics are also known as quality of service (QoS) properties.

In contrast to conventional networks, automotive system

developers strive to ensure QoS through planning methods

EThERNET/iP iN ThE vEhiCLE

Falk Langer

Phone: +49 89 547088-327

[email protected]


P R O j E C T

The TCP/IP stacks are tested to determine if they are specifi-

cation-compliant using Fraunhofer ESK’s conformity test suite.

For more complex protocol processes or sequences, a so-called

stub application is installed on the device under test, which

uses the application programming interface (API) of the TCP/IP

stack. The test results are then processed, interpreted, evaluated

and documented in detail by Fraunhofer ESK.

results

Conformity tests help to identify potential problem areas in the

implementation of the TCP/IP stacks. This includes functions

not implemented in the stack, but required by the specifica-

tion, as well as optional functions that could be omitted be-

cause they are not required by the application. The tests can

also reveal flawed and non-implemented exception handling

or problems in the stack implementation itself, which are tested

with the stub application running on the ECU. This systematic

testing improves the functional reliability of the protocol imple-

mentation.

applications and outlook

The Fraunhofer ESK protocol stack verification service is valu-

able not only during the development phase. Benefits can also

be reaped when evaluating the stacks in various configurations

since they are typically implemented in a variety of scenarios.

Using TCP/IP protocol tests to uncover problem areas is a key

element in achieving higher protocol stability. Compared to

tests without them, the use of stub applications in embedded

devices, such as for AUTOSAR, significantly expands the depth

of the testing. Automotive systems represent only one example

of where these tests can be utilized. The versatility extends to

a wide range of other industries and applications.

tCP/IP in the vehicle

Ethernet and IP technologies are increasingly finding utility

in the automobile. They support not only internal applica-

tions such as video-based driver assistance systems, but

also external communication processes such as diagnosis

over IP (DoIP ISO 13400) and communication with electric

vehicle charging stations (ISO 15118). Standard protocols

from the TCP/IP family are used with embedded devices

that often rely on special TCP/IP stacks. This is usually due

to ECU hardware limitations such as low memory and

processing power, in addition to special operating systems

like AUTOSAR. To analyze the quality of TCP/IP protocol

stacks, Fraunhofer ESK determines if the stacks comply with

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards or specific

customer requirements.

approach and implementation

Fraunhofer ESK has long been active in the evaluation of TCP/

IP stacks. Past activities include the testing and evaluation

of several TCP/IP stacks designed specifically for automotive

systems. The advantage of verifying protocols in line with RFC

standards is that it ensures interoperability with other ECUs

or external access nodes. Carrying out verification with a tool

suite offers the additional benefit of having reusable test runs.

This allows developers to reproduce flaws that can be identi-

fied and analyzed.

The following protocols and protocol families are currently

supported:n IPv4, IPv6, ICMPn TCP, UDPn DHCPn Link-local IP (v4)n Customer-specific test implementations

vERiFiCATiON OF TCP/iP PROTOCOL sTACks


T O P i C

These new concepts are initially evaluated in a simulated

environment in order to draw reliable conclusions regarding

larger-scale implementation. The solutions are also imple-

mented on the institute’s own C2X software framework,

ezCar2X, making it possible to run tests under real conditions

with the aid of the associated prototyping platform.

Ensuring system interoperability requires standardizing the

communication protocols. Fraunhofer ESK is an active partici-

pant in this process through its membership in the CAR 2 CAR

Communication Consortium.

The services include concepts and algorithms designed specifi-

cally for reliable and efficient vehicle networking applications,

as well as the simulation and prototyping of cooperative driver

assistance systems:n Modular and portable Car-to-X communication and the

ezCar2X framework for versatile deployment in cooperative

driver assistance systems n Prototyping of cooperative driver assistance systemsn Networking concepts and protocols for reliable end-to-end

communication across hybrid networks (ITS-G5 and cellular

communication)n Algorithms for adaptive data aggregation and merging of

sensor and Car-to-X datan Consolidated modeling of the driver’s local environment n End-to-end networking of personalized infotainment services

Current trends in global networking have long been common-

place in the automobile. Such technologies are the basis for

reliable and efficient vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infra-

structure networking, which enables applications that increase

traffic safety and driving comfort.

One promising approach to reducing the number of traffic

accidents involves networking vehicles and their assistance

systems with one another, as well as with their environ-

ments. This requires the creation of heterogeneous networks

comprised of vehicles, roadside infrastructure elements

and backend systems for which Fraunhofer ESK researchers

develop communication architectures tailored to specific

applications.

Many of today’s vehicles already have sensors that recognize

driving situations at relatively short distances. However, devel-

oping a highly dynamic and reliable environment model (local

dynamic map) is only possible through an active exchange

of information between vehicles and their environments, a

process referred to as Car-to-X communication (C2X). This

map provides a detailed characterization of the driving situa-

tion and broadens the perception of the system, making it

possible to implement new applications such as cooperative

driver assistance systems or semi-autonomous driving. Fraun-

hofer ESK researchers are developing algorithms for merging

the local sensor data with C2X data. The resulting local

dynamic map serves as a basic resource for other applications

that rely on the collected data.

The large numbers of road users and the corresponding flood

of information require local pre-processing, or pre-selection,

of the information. To address this issue, ESK engineers are

creating algorithms for adaptive data aggregation and data

forwarding so that the communication system can adapt to

current conditions.

vEhiCLE-ENviRONmENT NETwORkiNg

Josef Jiru

Phone: +49 89 547088-379

[email protected]


P R O j E C T

network. A heterogeneous network concept for the commu-

nication between vehicles and the road infrastructure aggre-

gates the data in an adaptive manner to ensure that sufficient

information is always available to analyze the traffic situation.

If the system detects a situation that presents a danger to traffic

heading in this direction, a series of blinking lights warn drivers

before they reach the danger site. If appropriately equipped,

vehicles can also directly receive and display traffic warnings.

The concepts and processes are validated in a simulator and

then implemented with in-house developed software and

hardware on a test route located on a highway in Bavaria.



Traffic congestion and tailgating result in many injuries and

deaths on Germany’s roads. Because conventional traffic

management systems are placed too far apart, they provide

insufficient warnings when dangerous situations suddenly

develop. To address this issue, Fraunhofer ESK worked with

Ruetz Technologies and TRANSVER to develop an autonomous

traffic warning and information platform that can detect criti-

cal situations more quickly and provide precise local warnings

through finer granularity.

The system relies on autonomous stations on the edge of the

road, so-called road side units (RSU), which monitor the traffic

situation. Vehicle data such as the position and speed of the

individual vehicles are recorded within a dense grid, merged if

needed, and then transmitted via the Car-to-X communication

Wireless charging makes shared electromobility more user

friendly. To ensure an efficient charging process, the vehicle

has to be parked precisely over the charging coils installed

in the pavement. Fraunhofer ESK is developing an assistance

system to help the driver carry out this function. The position

of the car is determined with the aid of a laser scanner and an

inertial navigation system and shown to the driver on a display.

The project partners plan to integrate the system into a demo

vehicle and a charging coil in order to evaluate the functional-

ity of the shared e-mobility services, the inductive charging

process and the vehicle positioning technology.

In urban areas, human mobility is forcing communities to find

new ways to deal with fine particle and CO2 pollution and

the needs of drivers. One approach being taken by many cities

is electric vehicle car sharing. With this in mind, a group of

Fraunhofer institutes that includes ESK, FOKUS, IAO, IIS, ISE

and IVI are examining how to make shared electromobility

more efficient and user-friendly.

The mobility concept comprises an electric vehicle, an inductive

charging system and various cloud-based mobility services. By

networking these three components, the user is able to access

up-to-date information via smartphone. The ARTiS-XT hardware

platform developed by Fraunhofer ESK, which serves as the

on-board unit in the e-vehicle, facilitates communication be-

tween the smartphone, charging station and the cloud services.

AUTONOmOUs TRAFFiC wARNiNg sysTEm

shAREd ELECTROmObiLiTy


T O P i C

end tool platforms that integrate all of the necessary tools

enables the development of dependable software. To con-

tinue the development of high quality software in the future,

Fraunhofer ESK will be examining new E/E systems and the

corresponding software architectures.

Fraunhofer ESK offers vehicle manufacturers, suppliers and tool

developers a variety of key services for developing dependable

software for tomorrow’s vehicles:n Model-driven development and validation of software

architecturesn Early-stage validation of non-functional characteristics

using the in-house developed ERNEST framework n Design and implementation of tool enhancements from

individual tools to fully integrated platformsn Software prototyping platform for Car-to-X applicationsn Conformance testing of TCP/IPv6 software stacksn Development of new software architectures for future

vehicle E/E systems

When developing automotive software, there is often insuffi-

cient focus on non-functional characteristics. To address this

issue, Fraunhofer ESK is working on integrating the modeling

of these software systems into domain-wide, component-

based development methodologies.

Modern vehicles feature an enormous number of functions

that are driven by increasingly-complex software. These func-

tions, which are already extensively networked, will interact

even more in the future, including interaction with functions

external to the vehicle. It’s only through networked functions

that improved driver assistance systems, or even fully-automatic

driving, can be implemented in order to further increase traffic

safety. This requires in particular the use of external data from

the Internet or other vehicles via software.

In the course of this, software is assuming a greater role in

carrying out safety-critical functions. To ensure dependability

however, it cannot be influenced by non-safety-critical func-

tions. At the same time, new higher-quality vehicle functions

have to be integrated within constantly shrinking develop-

ment cycles in order to satisfy the customer’s desire for the

latest functionality. The underlying software is developed by

diverse specialized companies and then incorporated into the

development chain in different stages by the manufacturer

until integration is complete. This sheds light on the growing

utilization of standard platforms and evolving international

markets for automotive software which are reducing the con-

ventional dependencies associated with rigid supplier chains.

With this in mind, Fraunhofer ESK is researching new methods

for developing networked vehicle software systems. This

involves modeling and validating the interaction of the dis-

tributed functions. A key element here is putting sufficient

focus on non-functional characteristics such as timing behavior

or energy consumption. Designing and implement ing end-to-

dEPENdAbLE AUTOmOTivE sOFTwARE

Gereon Weiss

Phone: +49 89 547088-348

[email protected]


P R O j E C T

in accordance with the “open proofs” concept. This involves

determining if the safety criteria are being met.

For this project the institute is taking advantage of its expertise

in the field of model-driven development in addition to its ex-

perience with methods and tools for end-to-end model-based

solutions. ESK researchers are developing an open-source

toolchain for formal modeling using the SysML and B-Method

languages. Researchers are also providing support to customers

who want to integrate similar methods into their own toolchains

for safety-critical functions.

This project is being funded through the Information Tech

nology for European Advancement (ITEA2) program created

by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research.

The European Union is planning to gradually replace the various

national train safety systems with a European Train Control

System, or ETCS. Fraunhofer ESK is participating in this effort

by working on the formal ETCS requirements specification and

by developing a platform-independent implementation of the

modeled system.

The ETCS specification is being formalized using a suitable

language that will eliminate any chance for interpretation.

This formal specification serves as the basis for an open,

manufacturer-independent ETCS reference implementation.

The project involves the creation of an Eclipse-based tool-

chain that supports the development of the specification and

administration of the tests required to demonstrate that the

safety criteria are being met. The test results will be generated

user data differs from the rest of the system management data in

the vehicle, researchers are specifically examining the modeling of

the user data in addition to the modeling of the control flows. By

automatically generating simulation codes, test scenarios and test

data from the model, the interaction of the various services can

be tested during the early stages of the development process.

The models are capable of monitoring the system under test at

runtime in order to verify the correct functionality of the service.

Fraunhofer ESK is further expanding its know-how in the field

of model-based development and verification of automotive

software systems through the DANA project.



Driver assistance and infotainment systems are an essential

element of modern vehicles. The GENIVI standard provides a

framework for integrating services from various vendors onto

a single hardware platform. Ensuring a high level of service

quality requires the creation of new verification strategies for

the development process. To address this issue, Fraunhofer ESK

is working together with different partners to develop an open

and expandable tool platform for the end-to-end verification

of vehicle infotainment functions.

As part of this effort, ESK researchers are developing a method

for modeling the communication behavior and application logic

associated with vehicle services. A multilayer reference model

makes it possible to separate the function and the corresponding

communication behavior. Because the characteristic infotainment

sAFETy-CRiTiCAL TRAiN sysTEm dEvELOPmENT

vERiFiCATiON OF AUTOmOTivE sOFTwARE


L A b

The Fraunhofer ESK Automotive Lab offers manufacturers and

suppliers a comprehensive platform and set of tools to support

design and development projects. Researchers utilize the lab to

examine new underlying technologies for applications such as

automotive networks, wireless-based networking of vehicles

(Car-to-X), real-time operating systems, infotainment systems

and virtualization platforms. The extensive test facilities enable

the testing of more efficient software development methods

and verification of the results through prototypes.

The new Fraunhofer ESK ARTiS-XT platform enables the rapid

prototyping of vehicle functions as well as the integration and

testing of the results under real conditions. With the ARTiS-XT

and ARTiS-PC platforms, the faster CPU and more powerful

graphics processor provide the ideal environment for develop-

ing infotainment, Car-to-X and driver assistance applications.

The real-time Ethernet test platform allows developers to

implement future Ethernet-based automotive systems and

validate the functionality of the systems to protect against

potential risks.

In order to help developers validate non-functional require-

ments in automotive system architectures, the lab offers the

institute’s own ERNEST SystemC framework, which is designed

for hardware/software co-simulation tasks.

The ezCar2X software framework enables the rapid prototyping

of cooperative driver assistance systems and intelligent traffic

system applications through the use of a standard Car-to-X

protocol stack.

AUTOmOTivE LAb

equIPment

n Equipment for ECU prototyping and carrying out measurements

on vehicle bus systems such as CAN, MOST, FlexRay and Ethernet

n ECU test rack for automotive E/E systems

n ERNEST framework for designing and simulating networked auto-

motive E/E software systems

n ezCar2X framework for rapid prototyping of networked vehicle

applications and infrastructures

n ARTiS prototyping family: target system for CAN, MOST, FlexRay

and real-time Ethernet buses and infotainment applications

n Car-to-X communication hardware from diverse manufacturers

for performing interoperability tests and optimizing wireless trans-

mission methods

n Equipment for testing and evaluating various operating systems

such as AUTOSAR and Linux in different fields of application

n TCP/IP conformity tests using a certified TCP/IP test suite

n Hardware platforms for various application scenarios such as FPGA

prototyping platforms for Xilinx and Altera building blocks

n Broad range of development and test and measurement equipment

such as in-circuit debuggers, logic state analyzers, development

tools and Ethernet performance analyses


eleCtrICIty grIds

In the electricity grids market segment, Fraunhofer ESK focuses its activities on the development of transmission technologies, protocols and system architectures that support smart grid communication. Examples include:

n Analysis and evaluation of products for smart metering communication (data volume models, testing and evaluation of powerline and wireless technologies)

n Smart metering and smart grid communication designs based on power-line and wireless technologies

n Development and testing of smart grid communication software based on IEC 61850

n Development and testing of communication software for standardized vehicle-to-grid communication based on ISO/IEC 15118

n Combined powerline and communication simulation environments

Customers in this market segment include supraregional electricity pro-viders and grid operators, metropolitan and small regional electric utilities, and manufacturers in the energy and automation technology sectors.

45

With the significant expansion of the renewable energy industry, Germany

is rapidly becoming a pioneer in attaining global climate protection goals.

The massive transformation of the electrical grid requires the integration of a

number of smaller energy producers in the distribution networks, thus creating

major challenges for grid operators. Because generating energy with photo-

voltaic and wind power is weather dependent and therefore difficult to plan,

the energy networks are being subjected to more fluctuations and volatility.

To gain better control of this situation, the networks need new processes. This

means having the capability to capture and analyze significantly more process

data within the networks and generating corresponding control commands.

Although high and medium voltage transmission networks have extensive

communication and automation systems, there is and will be a growing need

for more substantial automation in the low voltage distribution networks. To

ensure a stable and needs-based energy supply, the distribution networks

must be upgraded to smart grids through communication technologies. These

intelligent systems help sustain network stability, even during feed-in peaks

caused by renewable energy providers, by balancing the consumption and

production of energy at the lower network level.

Dr.-Ing. Mike Heidrich


Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-377

[email protected]

Dr.-Ing. Mike Heidrich joined the Fraunhofer

Institute for Embedded Systems and Commu-

nication Technology ESK in 1999 as a research

fellow. In 2009, he was appointed head of

the Industrial Communication business unit.

His expertise lies in the field of industrial

communication and wireless networking,

in addition to the areas of software develop-

ment and methods.

Dr. Heidrich successfully completed his doctoral

thesis in 2012 at the University of Augsburg

under the title “Adaptive error prevention in

wireless local networks for the optimal trans-

mission of scalable, encoded video data.”

Prior to joining Fraunhofer ESK, Dr. Heidrich

worked for Munich-based Pichler Engineering

GmbH where he was active in software develop-

ment and project/product management within

the SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Ac-

quisition) systems business unit. In this capacity

he was responsible for software projects in the

manufacturing industry, as well as for the design

and development of SCADA software products.

ELECTRiCiTy gRids

4 6

On-going projects

n� �Smart metering communication

n� �Vehicle-to-grid communication

New projects

n� �Smart microgrids

Building out smart grids requires identifying suitable communication techno-

logies and components, as well as researching and developing new ones when

required. Fraunhofer ESK is making significant contributions in this area, from

developments in the physical transmission technologies and protocols, to

standards and software architectures. A key aspect is identifying the under-

lying requirements that result from the creation of new energy generation

and consumption scenarios, whether it’s smart metering, smart microgrids or

integrating e-vehicles into the power grid.

47

h i g h L i g h T

The growing number of renewable energy sources such as

photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind power plants brings the

conventional electricity grid to its limits. The industry is expe-

riencing a significant increase in the demand for control and

communication mechanisms between the many components in

the grid. This situation has shed light on the need for intelligent

electricity networks, or smart grids. One approach to develop-

ing smart grids involves closely coupling electric energy pro-

ducers and consumers within a local geographic area, and thus

a confined network segment. These so-called smart microgrids

make regulating the network much easier while reducing the

amount of electricity that has to be transported. In this project,

Fraunhofer ESK is working together with TUM (Technical

University Munich), SWA and other industry partners to design

and implement a smart microgrid in Augsburg’s Haunstetten

industrial park.

network architecture planning

As part of the project, Fraunhofer ESK is designing the com-

munication network, which will ensure stable operation of

the smart grid and efficient utilization of the available energy

capacity. The communication network is needed to ensure

that the various data from all of the participants – consumers

as well as suppliers – can be transmitted to the control center

or from the billing system in a coordinated fashion. This also

ensures reliable triggering of time-critical control and switch

processes. These mechanisms are needed to protect switching

stations or customer premise equipment from the threat of

events like power surges, such as when too many PV systems

are brought online.

The rapid measurement and control mechanisms required by

smart microgrids place high demands on the communication

and management systems. Furthermore, the use of various

interfaces, protocols and the integration of new and existing

elements has to be taken into account. To come up with the

design, the Fraunhofer ESK engineers first defined various

application scenarios, from which they then derived the

functional and technical specifications. Using this as a foun-

dation, they then created a network architecture concept that

incorporated the communication interface specifications.

network simulation and test operation

With the help of an extensive simulation platform, researchers

at Fraunhofer ESK are examining the interaction between the

communication system and the power grid. In parallel, TUM

is analyzing the demands placed on the electricity network.

The two institutions are collaborating on cosimulation that will

be able to represent both aspects of the system. The measures

identified in the simulation will then be implemented in the

selected industry park. Because business customers have a

significant impact on the grid, this environment offers better

oppor tunities to test and analyze the suitability of the new

developments under real conditions. In areas where consumers

are willing to participate, local energy providers can implement

flexible delivery plans that better utilize the network capacity

and potentially reduce the consumer’s electricity bill through

flexible rates. The participating customers in Haunstetten will

have access to a special Internet portal, which they can use to

obtain an overview of their electricity usage. The first smart

meters, which are used to capture the required data, will be

installed at the customer premises around the end of 2014.



smART miCROgRid iNFORmATiON ANd CONTROL


h i g h L i g h T

Data communication between the different intelligent

components – monitoring and telecontrol stations, smart

meters, control centers – is a key element of the smart grid

infrastructure, which leads to better utilization of the grid

and supports the transition to renewable energy resources.

The recommended communication infrastructure is based on

the widely-used Internet Protocol (IP). The underlying trans-

mission technology can vary from powerline communication

(PLC, data transmission through the grid itself), DSL and optical

fibers to wireless networks (commercial cellular mobile net-

works or dedicated new radio networks for the smart grid).

Planning an appropriate communication infrastructure and

estimating its cost require information about the volume of

data that smart grid components (e. g., the smart meters)

generate. To help address this issue, Fraunhofer ESK develops

traffic models that can be used to easily and quickly calcu-

late the data volume for different use cases and transmission

protocols.

Combined methods for

realistic models

Fraunhofer ESK examines

the data protocols layer

by layer and calculates the

resulting data volume in

the IP network. The higher

protocol layers for the data

transmission are defined in

standards published by the

International Electrotechni-

cal Commission (IEC) or the

German Federal Office for

Information Security (BSI).

Furthermore, the engineers replicate the existing system

components in the lab and then measure the data volume

with corresponding tools (protocol analyzers).

Combining this information with statistics concerning the

frequency of the various smart grid use cases, a realistic

traffic model is then created, which can be used for planning

the communication infrastructure and estimating its cost.

outlook

Based on these methods, ESK engineers have already devel-

oped a traffic model for smart meters that utilize an IEC

proto col. The model can be used to easily calculate data

volumes for various scenarios. Other traffic models, such as

for the BSI smart meter gateway or monitoring and telecontrol

functions in the smart grid, are in the planning stage. In this

field, Fraunhofer ESK supports utilities during the selection

and planning of the underlying communication infrastructures

required for smart grids and smart metering.

smART gRid TRAFFiC mOdELs

MW hControl center

Control center

Communicationmodule or

smart metergateway

Monitoring or telecontrol station in the

smart grid

IP data network

(DSL, wireless networks,powerline

communication)

Meter

Data communication in the smart grid: Fraunhofer ESK develops traffic models that can be used to plan

the required communication infrastructure and to estimate its cost.


T O P i C

Backwards compatibility ensures that even first-generation

e-vehicles can continue to utilize public charging stations.

Communication between the charging station and the smart

grid is based on an enhancement of the IEC 61850 standard

that stems from power grid/telecontrol technology, which can

be used to represent network transformers as logical node

models for instance. Fraunhofer ESK engineers use a modifica-

tion of the standard so that the charging station can act as a

network node with special features. As an example, this would

provide the capability to remotely determine and control the

charging process. This communication technology permits easy

and flexible integration of the charging infrastructure into the

smart grid.

By combining the two international standards, the charg-

ing station is transformed into an interoperable node that

essentially transfers the intelligence of the smart grid to the

e-vehicle charging process. Applications such as delayed

charging, custom billing models and variable electricity rates

are all possible. At the same time, the communication infra-

structure ensures safe and stable provision of the electricity.

Fraunhofer ESK offers a complete spectrum of services in the

area of smart grid communication solutions, ranging from

specifications and development to commissioning.

Electricity networks are facing several new challenges with

the advent of electromobility. In order to run, e-vehicles first

have to draw electricity from the grid and store it in the car’s

battery. For electricity network operators, the key factors in

providing this service are the location of the charging stations

or their position in the distribution network, the number of

charging stations within a network segment and the charging

timeframe.

In the future, e-vehicles will be utilized as a source of tempo rary

energy storage. That means feeding electricity from the vehicle

back into the network upon demand. To ensure stability of the

electricity grid, network operators and energy providers must

take these new types of energy consumers, storage and feed-in

points into consideration when planning their systems.

Because the flow of energy out of and into the network has to

be monitored and intelligently controlled, significant demands

are placed on the communication technology. This requires the

development of an end-to-end communication chain between

the vehicle, charging station and network operator’s control

center.

Researchers at Fraunhofer ESK are examining the technologies

that are required to implement this communication network.

Within the framework of various projects, they have analyzed

and tested the following standards:

The IEC 61851 and ISO/IEC 15118 standards are utilized for

communication between the vehicle and the charging station.

IEC 61851 defines the type of connector and mode of charg-

ing for the e-vehicle. ISO/IEC 15118 specifies the extensive

exchange of information between the vehicle and charging

station that is imperative for the “smart” charging process.

vEhiCLE-TO-gRid: CONNECTiNg E-vEhiCLEs TO ThE ENERgy NETwORk

Dr.-Ing. Erik Oswald

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-374

[email protected]


P R O j E C T

this technology, the charging cable can be used for data trans-

mission while charging is in process, thus enabling additional

services such as automatic vehicle identification and intelligent

charging scheduling.

In order to link the charging stations to a control center, engi-

neers utilized the IEC 61850 standard which is well known in

the energy industry, as well as the IEC TR 61850-90-8, which

is under development. As part of this effort, Fraunhofer ESK

supplied the standards committee with valuable information.

For the wireless communication between the vehicle and

the infrastructure, engineers evaluated the new IEEE 802.11p

standard, which is the basis for the ITS-G5 profile that the ETSI

(European Telecommunications Standards Institute) is currently

standardizing for intelligent transport systems, including speci-

fying a range of electromobility functions. Fraunhofer ESK is

furthermore researching the use of mobile technologies such

as UMTS, LTE and other hybrid approaches.

Interface testing and implementation

All of the interfaces developed by Fraunhofer ESK are at the

stage where they can be demonstrated to interested users

from the automotive and energy industries. Engineers will

begin field testing of the wireless interfaces in early 2014 in

Slovenia to determine the suitability of the interfaces in real

applications. Equipped with know-how acquired through this

project, Fraunhofer ESK is now in a position to actively support

development of the e-vehicle charging infrastructure.

The project is being funded through the European Union’s

Seventh Framework Program (FP7).

Electric vehicle charging infrastructures are an important

aspect of the transition to smart power grids. Because they

have to adapt to the conditions in the grid, they also require

intelligent control mechanisms. Working with research and

industry partners in the EU-sponsored Smart Vehicle-to-Grid

Interface (SmartV2G) project, Fraunhofer ESK is developing

the communication interfaces needed to integrate charging

stations into the smart grid.

Information sharing before, during and after the

charging process

Sharing information between the electric vehicle and the

smart grid makes the charging process more convenient and

helps save energy and money. Fraunhofer ESK identified and

specified the communication interfaces required to carry out

this exchange of information. Timely scheduling of the charg-

ing process requires acquiring information such as the location,

charging options and payment methods of the stations that

are available within the calculated range. In order to optimize

the charging process, other information such as the number

of available charging terminals, reservation data and current

electricity rates is also relevant.

standards control the vehicle-infrastructure

communication

For this project, Fraunhofer ESK employed the latest electro-

mobility communication standards. To illustrate how the ISO/

IEC 15118 functions, engineers established communication

between the e-vehicle and the charging station on a laboratory

demonstrator. The lab setup enhances the current IEC 61851-1

specification with the HomePlug Green PHY™ digital commu-

nication standard, which relies on powerline technology. With

iNTELLigENT ChARgiNg iNFRAsTRUCTURE FOR ELECTRiC vEhiCLEs


T O P i C

The implementation and tests of suitable standards provide

valuable input to the standards committees. IEC 61850 for

instance, is currently being expanded for the regulation of

low voltage networks, especially for distributed feed-in

points and for connecting charging stations used in e-mobility

applications.

services

Fraunhofer ESK’s services address the needs of both small

and large energy providers and network operators, as well as

manufacturers of communication infrastructure equipment and

products for smart grids, including photovoltaic systems, volt-

age converters, smart meters and e-vehicle charging stations.

n Traffic volume prognoses for estimating the volume of data

generated by smart meter and smart grid applications using

different scenarios, traffic models and protocol analyses n Analyses, lab measurements and simulations for evaluating

the technical feasibility of various communication techno-

logies – wired and wireless – used in smart meter and smart

grid applications n Consulting and implementation services related to the

IEC 61850 communication standard n Evaluation of smart microgrid scenarios

The rise in the number of renewable energy sources such as

photovoltaic and wind power providers, which irregularly feed

the electricity networks, is creating an enormous amount of

effort to regulate the grid in order to continue providing a

reliable supply of energy. These so-called smart grids require

reliable communication technologies that are designed to

take into account all of the existing and new components and

players in the energy market.

Fraunhofer ESK analyzes the demand, evaluates the commu-

nication technologies and designs communication systems for

energy networks. This includes developing the specifications

and the corresponding interfaces. The engineers can also offer

reference implementations and a smart grid communication lab

that includes a test environment for smart grid and smart meter

applications. This allows the institute to support energy providers

and network operators in the development of tailored solutions.

As part of these activities, ESK researchers developed a method

which they use to estimate the volume of data generated by

various smart grid applications and scenarios. This makes it pos-

sible to create a comprehensive plan and cost estimate for the

development of infrastructures that facilitate IP-based commu-

nication between smart meters, measurement and switching

stations and the control centers. The specialists also examine

and analyze potential transmission technologies such as fiber

optic, powerline and wireless, to determine if these approaches

satisfy the technical requirements of specific environments.

In addition, the institute develops network architectures for

other applications such as vehicle-to-grid integration or the

implementation of smart microgrids, which are local net-

works consisting of energy providers, energy cache storage

and electricity consumers.

iNTELLigENT COmmUNiCATiON FOR ThE smART ENERgy NETwORk OF ThE FUTURE

Dr.-Ing. Erik Oswald

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-374

[email protected]


P R O j E C T

parameters are repeatedly optimized until the simulation

environment satisfies the requirements of the application.

Initial simulation results show that many of the CDMA450

parameter configurations have to be reconsidered before

they can be used in smart grid applications. The extent, to

which network planning, protocol stacks and network para-

meters require optimization, depends heavily on the specific

application.

CDMA450 has the potential to be a secure and cost-efficient

ICT solution for smart metering and smart grid applications.

For customers in the energy industry, the CMDA450 simula-

tion platform offers a flexible environment for simulating

specific applications and optimizing the standard parameters

in line with the corresponding requirements.

Information and communication systems are playing a key

role in the modernisation of the German energy market.

These technologies must satisfy the needs of smart grids

while keeping costs to a minimum. With excellent wave

propagation characteristics and high network capacity, the

CDMA450 mobile network technology is a promising candi-

date for the transmission of smart grid application data. The

issue is, the industry lacks the suitable simulation methods to

investigate the network performance for smart grids.

To tackle this problem, Fraunhofer ESK engineers developed

a simulation platform that allows them to determine whether

CDMA450 is suitable for smart grid applications, identify the

potential shortcomings and recommend improvements. The

solution is based on an OPNET network simulator. Based on

input from the engineers, a CDMA450 auxiliary module was

created which enables the comprehensive

simulation of various application scenarios

based on specific customer requirements.

Custom simulations

To carry out the simulation, engineers create

a BSI-compliant traffic model for smart

metering and smart grid applications based

on the customer’s requirements. The model

is configured like an application with the

required level of QoS. The engineers then

define network parameters such as the

number of devices, their statistical distribu-

tion and the mobile network cell radius.

Network performance is evaluated by

analyzing transmission latency and failure

rates among other factors. The network

simULATiON ENviRONmENT FOR CdmA450 NETwORks

ControlCenter

SMGAdmin.

ControlCenter

CDMA450IP Network

ServiceTechnician

Customer’sComputer

CLS

ElectricityMeter

OtherMeter

Tele-control

Voice

LMN

HAN

SMG PDSNRAN

LMN: Local Meteorological NetworkSMG: Smart Meter GatewayCLS: Controllable Local SystemHAN: Home Area NetworkRAN: Radio Access NetworkCDMA: Code Division Multiple AccessPDSN: Packet Data Service NodeIP: Internet Protocol

Schematic representation of the simulation environment


L A b

With powerline communication (PLC) technology, the electric

grid is used to transport both energy and data. Because the

power cable infrastructure already exists, energy providers

view PLC as an attractive, underlying information and com-

munication technology for smart metering and smart grid

applications. The downside is that this common transmission

path is highly susceptible to interference. Data transmission is

especially vulnerable to failures when activation/deactivation

processes occur – connecting or disconnecting energy users

for instance – or when interference signals are generated by

grid components such as solar system inverters.

To address these issues, Fraunhofer ESK engineers set up a

test lab that is designed specifically to test PLC modems for

these types of interference conditions. The tests are carried

out by identifying various types of interference based on

national and international standards and then creating cor-

responding models in a function generator. The PLC modems

are equipped with special filters to isolate them from other

forms of potential interference originating from the electric

grid. This ensures that the test system is only subjected to

the predefined interference. In addition, the system features

built-in attenuators that can be used to simulate the distance

between a central node, such as a transformer station, and

an individual electricity meter. With this approach, engineers

can carry out point-to-point measurements or distribution

network measurements, which are influenced by various

factors including different network topologies, and compo-

nents such as Muffen, distribution and switching cabinets and

even cable properties.

The lab can also be used to test PLC technologies in different

frequency ranges and application scenarios.

PLC TEsT LAb FOR smART mETERiNg ANd smART gRid APPLiCATiONs

equIPment

n IxChariot analysis software (console for traffic generation and

analysis, clients)

n Embedded PC Alix 2D19 with IxChariot endpoint library for

receiving, processing and acknowledging data packets

n Schwarzbeck L801 coupling and decoupling network, plus an

AC filter for isolating the test system from the power grid to

prevent cross-talk interference

n Spectrum analyzer for analyzing useful and interference signals

n Arbitrary waveform generator for creating defined interference

signals

n Ethernet switch for connectivity between the console and the

embedded PC Alix 2D19

n Variable attenuator for simulating channel attenuation properties

n Line impedance stabilization network for stabilizing the power grid


teleCommunICatIon

The Telecommunication business unit focuses its activities on the follow-ing areas:

n Measurement processes and methods for characterizing the physical transmission and interference properties of copper-based cables in frequency ranges to 300 MHz

n Transmission characteristics modeling for the design and optimization of high bit rate transmission systems (G.fast, powerline communication, VDSL2 vectoring)

n Information security solutions for communication networks n Network-related data protection and privacy managementn Development of test processes and analysis tools for evaluating high

bit rate Internet trafficn Design and implementation of security policies for enterprise commu-

nication networks with a focus on the integration of mobile devices n Communication system security analyses n Design and implementation of mobile distributed applications that run

on web-based client-server systems

Customers in this market segment include manufacturers of telecommuni-cation hardware for broadband Internet access, public and private tele-com mu ni ca tion network operators, government agencies, measurement instrument manufacturers, system and software houses and telecommuni-cation industry associations.

57

The need for Internet access bandwidth is constantly growing within both the

enterprise and consumer sectors. This demand will significantly increase in

the years to come, spurred by new, data-intensive applications, changing data

storage philosophies, global ultra-mobile communication and the develop-

ment of cyber physical systems. Other issues such as availability and data

security are also having an impact on bandwidth demand. At the same time,

the wide range of stringent demands is transforming modern Internet lifelines

into outright critical infrastructures.

Despite stagnating financial resources, players in the telecommunication

industry must satisfy the demand for greater bandwidth and a higher degree

of information security. Over the next years providers must not only extend

the physical network infrastructures with optical fiber and wireless, but rather

focus on optimizing and modernizing existing networks through design

modifications. This will require the development of hybrid network forms

capable of quenching the thirst for more bandwidth and meeting the real-time

requirements of future applications.

Security and safety need to be an inherent part of modern communication

networks. The coming years will also see additional demands being placed

on wired building infrastructures. This will be driven by a push to extend the

bandwidth of the core networks down to the end user devices. In addition,

the use of powerline communication will increase in many facets of our

everyday lives.

Dipl.-Ing. Sven Brandt

Business Unit Manager Telecommunication

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-360

[email protected]

Sven Brandt was promoted to manager of the

Fraunhofer ESK Telecommunication business

unit in 2012. As early as 2001 Mr. Brandt as-

sumed responsibility for the Fraunhofer-Gesell-

schaft Competence Center for Voice Commu-

nication and subsequently the Fraunhofer ESK

Communication Solutions group.

Before joining the Fraunhofer Institute for

Embedded Systems and Communication Tech-

nologies ESK in 2000, Mr. Brandt held various

positions in the telecommunication industry

including as a trainer for enterprise commu-

nication systems and passive optical networks

at the Deutsche Bahn AG training center

in Munich. He also served as a lecturer for

electronics and telecommunication techno-

logies at the Rudolf-Diesel-Technikum private

engineering school in Augsburg, Germany.

Mr. Brandt was a Deutsche Telekom IT scholar-

ship student at the Dresden University of

Applied Sciences where he received his engi-

neering degree.

TELECOmmUNiCATiON

5 8

On-going projects

n� �HAINet (High-speed Access and Inhouse

Networks)

n� �Customer-specific functionality and

performance tests for quality assurance

n� �Competence Center for Voice Communi-

cation

New projects

n� �Interactive job application platform

n� �Context-based information security

solutions

n� �Automated test device for IP protocol

and services analysis

n� �High-speed powerline communication

Fraunhofer ESK is an expert partner in the research and development of

solutions for increased bandwidth. The institute also focuses on information

security in communication networks with respect to critical infrastructures

and public safety.

59

h i g h L i g h T

Wired transmission technologies play a vital role in supply-

ing German households with broadband Internet access.

Transmission is carried out over various mediums such as

optical fiber, coaxial, telephone and power cables. The

final segment between the service provider and the user,

as well as within the home or building, is still dominated by

copper telephone line technology. By utilizing modern and

efficient transmission schemes, these existing lines can be

used to offer broadband services. This helps significantly

reduce the effort and cost associated with reaching new

households. In order to exploit the full potential of copper-

based transmission techno logies and actively contribute to

improved availability, reliability and stability of the entire

system, Fraunhofer ESK researchers are working with Lantiq

Deutsch land GmbH and CAD Service GmbH on the practical

utilization of VDSL2 vectoring and powerline systems as part

of the HAInet project.

Vdsl2 vectoring

In theory, VDSL2 systems can achieve transmission rates

of 100 Mbps over short to mid-range (up to 500 meters)

tele phone lines. In practice these rates are seldom reached

however. The reason is far-end crosstalk (FEXT), which is

caused by interference between two pairs of cables in a

multicore cable. VDSL2 vectoring is a method that compen-

sates for the effects of FEXT, thus allowing VDSL2 to reach

the theoretical limits of telephone line transmission speeds.

Ensuring the reliability and stability of VDSL2 vectoring in a

real environment requires understanding the condition of

the transmission channel. Fraunhofer ESK is helping address

this issue through field research and measurements, as well as

through its expertise in the area of DSL system analysis and

modeling.

broadband powerline technology

Given that buildings have a high penetration of power cables

and outlets that are easily accessed by the user, broadband

powerline communcation (PLC) is a reasonable alternative to

wireless technologies. The downside is that, when transmit-

ting data across powerline cables, they often cause unwanted

emissions or interference with other transmission systems.

For this reason Fraunhofer ESK researchers are actively

examining the behavior of powerline systems under real

conditions. This research aims to develop new approaches

to improving PLC system performance and its interoperability

with other systems.

The know-how and results that derive from this work can

be used to develop guidelines allowing for an efficient and

robust PLC operation. In addition to better performance and

inter operability, energy consumption is another major factor

in this research.

exploiting copper telephone lines

In order to deal with the steadily growing amounts of data,

Fraunhofer ESK researchers are examining unused frequency

ranges for DSL and PLC transmissions. VDSL2 and PLC cur-

rently use frequencies of up to 30 MHz. Researchers assume

this could be expanded to 300 MHz. One of the biggest

challenges in designing and dimensioning such transmission

systems is identifying the channel characteristics and devel-

oping near-live simulation models. This is the only way to

ensure that the transmission system exhibits the desired

characteristics. Researchers set up test scenarios using various

types of cables in the institute’s DSL & Access Test Lab in

hAinet – high biT RATE ACCEss ANd iNhOUsE NETwORks


h i g h L i g h T

order to perform channel measurements and transmissions

in the extended frequency range of up to 300 MHz. The test

results will be used to create improved channel models that

can then be utilized to simulate, dimension and optimize

future transmission systems.

This project is being funded through the “Information and

Communication Technology” R & D program created by the

Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Media, Energy

and Technology.

TelephoneNetwork

Central Office

DistributionPoint

GPON

DistributionPoint

Curb

ADSL

>1km, 20Mbit/s

2.5 Gbit/s

VDSL 2

< 1km, 100Mbit/s

VDSL 2

< 500 m, 100Mbit/s

G.fast

< 250 m, 1Gbit/s

FTTC

FTTdp

FTTH

Hybrid access networks: the evolution from the classic telephone network to FTTH / Fiber To The Home


T O P i C

broadband transmission using the power network

Broadband powerline systems are becoming a more popular

alternative for data transmission within buildings. Fraunhofer

ESK develops measurement-based cable models to determine

powerline system behavior, which is heavily influenced by the

characteristics of the power network cabling that runs through

the buildings. Full-scale characterization of the transmission

channel also requires measuring, evaluating and modeling the

interference environment. Incorporating the models into an

own-developed simulation platform lays the foundation for

developing improved and more reliable powerline systems and

evaluating the interaction of coexisting systems.

Apart from the simulation-based examination of powerline

systems, Fraunhofer ES K engineers can also integrate new

transmission systems (G.hn or HomePlug AV standard for

instance) into the lab’s test environment and evaluate them

under real conditions (performance and interoperability tests

and measurements).

Because simultaneous operation of xDSL and powerline tech-

nologies in buildings is becoming more common, analyzing

coexistence issues and developing ways to minimize cross-talk

interference is currently a key area of research.

Fraunhofer ESK has been active in the optimization of broad-

band communication systems running over copper lines for

many years. In this field, the wired transmission system

optimization market segment offers DSL and powerline tech-

nology system and performance tests under real conditions,

in addition to consulting and expert services in the area of

wired transmission systems and technologies. The aim is to

support hardware manufacturers and network operators

in developing, introducing and operating wired transmission

technologies and to help create significantly more added value

for the customer.

broadband transmission over twisted pair lines and

xdsl technologies

Thanks to years of experience in the operation and continu-

ous enhancement of the Access & Inhouse Test Lab, which

covers nearly every DSL generation, Fraunhofer ESK boasts

extensive know-how in the field of xDSL technology. Active

participation in various standards groups also gives the engi-

neers an advance look at future transmission standards such

as G.fast. By conducting tests in the frequency range that ex-

tends to 300 MHz, Fraunhofer ESK develops channel models

for the access and inhouse network segments and integrates

them into a simulation environment. This makes it possible to

evaluate transmission system behaviors and incorporate the

acquired knowledge into the development and optimization

of the systems. We also supplement these activities with

performance and interoperability tests and measurements

in real environments. This allows us to analyze and optimize

entire systems (VDSL2 vectoring with 50 modems in parallel)

under actual network conditions (real cable segments and

interference environments).

wiREd TRANsmissiON sysTEm OPTimizATiON

Mathias Leibiger

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-372

[email protected]


P R O j E C T

jected to typical forms of power grid interference in order to

evaluate whether the link, and thus the modem, is susceptible

to interference. The measurements demonstrated that none

of the powerline modems achieved the promised speed and

performance, even under ideal conditions.

Fraunhofer ESK has the equipment and know-how to test

more than PLC modems however. The institute’s Access &

Inhouse Test Lab is set up to handle other types of transmission

systems as well. Fraunhofer ESK regularly collaborates with the

manufacturers to identify and implement improvements at the

transport and protocol levels.

Powerline modem manufacturers often promise high-speed

data transmission across the power grid. This leads to state-

ments such as “up to XXX Mbit/s” and misconceptions

among users. In practice however, the actual performance

is usually less than advertised.

To help clarify these situations, Fraunhofer ESK developed a

test method that determines the actual transmission rates.

Standardized tests are carried out under various conditions

and environments in the lab, which allows the tests to be

repeated on other modems and then compared. Apart from

defining the transmission parameters, the test system is sub-

Fraunhofer ESK also boasts the know-how and equipment

required to precisely measure and characterize the transmis-

sion properties of twisted pair lines, as well as the sources of

interference in frequency ranges to 300 MHz and beyond.

The institute is currently developing and integrating a channel

model for the access and inhouse segments into a simulation

platform. This allows engineers to evaluate future transmission

schemes in advance and incorporate the knowledge they gain

into the development process. An important foundation is

thus being laid for achieving higher data rates and significantly

improving system availability and reliability for the user.

Plans are in place to further expand the lab to be able to test

and improve new transmission schemes such as G.fast under

real conditions.

DSL communication systems are undergoing constant

enhancement and optimization. Taking into account

bandwidth requirements, new network environments and

changing application scenarios, engineers are adapting

these systems to the characteristics of the evolving copper

cable network. To support these efforts, Fraunhofer ESK

offers a near-real, automated testing and measurement

environment for evaluating the functionality, perform-

ance and stability of a variety of DSL systems. The Access

& Inhouse Test Lab is also equipped to run specialized

interoperability and coexistence analyses. Fraunhofer ESK

actively supports hardware manufacturers in the various

phases of product development and offers network opera-

tors expert advice in the area of DSL technology commis-

sioning and operation.

POwERLiNE mOdEm mEAsUREmENT ANd TEsTiNg

dsL COmmUNiCATiON sysTEms


T O P i C

Communication between client and server occurs via a

bi directional TCP connection using WebSockets, or across

a half-duplex HTTP connection by means of long polling.

Although WebSockets are the preferred method for updating

data, primarily because of the simple connection and short

latency periods, long polling and polling still serve as a fallback

solution or for infrequent data comparisons since the HTTP

requests, and therefore the data updates, require more time.

For users who need to work with the same data at different

locations, web-based client-server systems offer an easy-to-

use, device-independent solution that is nevertheless secure

and cost-effective.

The increasing varieties of operating systems and hardware

in the IT world are being driven not least by the growing

market for mobile operating systems and user devices. When

developing new applications, it is therefore essential to plan

and implement them for multiple operating systems in order

to maximize private or business customer reach. To ensure

the highest level of user-friendliness regardless of the under-

lying system, the operation and quality of the application

must be consistent. Designing and implementing distributed

mobile applications that enable users to access and work with

centrally-stored data poses both a development challenge and

a research opportunity.

application development

One approach to meeting these requirements while keeping

development costs within budget is the use of web-based

applications. The browser interface minimizes the importance

of the underlying operating system, meaning web applica-

tions have a consistent look and feel in the same browser

regardless of the system. The difference is hardly noticeable

even with different browsers, if the browser supports the

features of standard programming languages such as HTML,

CSS, JavaScript and Java.

Client-server model

The user’s device – or client – contains only the programming

code needed for the view and if applicable for temporary

data storage. The data and the associated logic for process-

ing it resides on the central server, which sends the required

information to the client upon request. This leads to a separa-

tion of the data and the logic, as well as the display and input,

while also making it possible to provision the data on different

clients. The result is that users can work with the same data,

either sequentially or at the same time, on different devices.

wEb-bAsEd CLiENT-sERvER sysTEms

Juliane Franze

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-388

[email protected]


P R O j E C T

the server, Fraunhofer ESK implemented a web client

prototype based on HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Com-

munication is carried out via the REST interface. The two

partners jointly developed a group-based rights manage-

ment system that allows digital content to be loaned and

transferred.

The eLibrary platform makes it possible to read and man-

age digital context within a group. An additional school

field test is planned with the aim of demonstrating just how

much potential the virtual library has to offer. Given the

modular and manufacturer-independent design, researchers

anticipate that the open web-based approach will be well

received.

Although eBooks have grown to represent nearly 10 percent of

the German book market within just a few years, they cannot

be borrowed, sold or given as presents in the same custom-

ary manner as printed books. On the other hand, to date the

potential of eBooks has not been fully exploited. This includes

the capability to use them within a group. With this in mind,

Fraunhofer ESK joined forces with the German publishing

group Weltbild to create a virtual school library for eBooks. The

eLibrary project is designed to emulate the use of printed books

while testing completely new features such as the group-based

studying of literary texts. A key aspect of the project is mobile

access to the library via smartphones and tablets.

The underlying architecture of the virtual library is a web-

based client-server system. While Weltbild concentrated on

a high level of user friendliness. The lightweight data inter-

change format ensures quick and reliable communication with

the server via REST interfaces.

Based on the consistent use of current standards and methods

for the front-end and back-end systems, the Fraunhofer-Gesell-

schaft job applicant portal represents a hardware and software

independent solution that can be easily adapted to future

requirements.

The changes to the trade fair job portal solution, which are

scheduled to be implemented in 2014, will also be incorporated

into the online job portal located on the main Fraunhofer-

Gesellschaft website.

Trade fairs and events are ideal platforms for establishing

contact with aspiring talent and experienced professionals.

Together with the central human resources department of

the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, researchers conceived the idea

of developing an information system for this purpose. The

portal has been in operation for two years. Touch screens

provide visitors information regarding vacancies within the

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, as well as useful information about

key research activities of institutes. If wanted, visitors can

send the selected information to their own e-mail addresses.

The web-based portal is being enhanced with new functions

and expanded to support access via mobile devices. Modern

smart clients offer the potential to implement an effective

inter active user interface. The layout is responsive and features

mObiLE UsE OF E-bOOks

FRAUNhOFER jOb APPLiCATiON PLATFORm


L A b

The NGN Test Lab is equipped for analyzing communication

systems and evaluating and enhancing customer-specific

solutions ranging from local communication networks to

cloud-based services. Apart from examining the transmission

protocol and system parameters, the tests also evaluate various

security aspects.

One particular focus of the lab’s current activities involves

evaluating communication and collaboration systems in order

to verify conformity to standards, interoperability and data

transmission security and integrity. Another key element is

the integration of mobile end user devices into local commu-

nication systems.

A reliable communication platform is essential for many

applications. In many regions of the world however, even in

industrialized countries, the fixed and mobile networks still

provide insufficient bandwidth and quality. Although it can

be a feasible supplement or serve as a general alternative in

these situations, satellite communication has unique charac-

teristics that can place certain restrictions or conditions on

the application being used. The lab is equipped with DSL and

satellite connections for simulating heterogeneous corporate

networks and testing their suitability as underlying commu-

nication platforms for enterprise applications. The test results

can serve as a basis for developing feasibility studies or they

can be used as functional models in conjunction with the

existing lab infrastructure.

NgN TEsT LAb

equIPment

n Various ADSL and VDSL connections as well as a Gbit link to the

German Research Network n Satellite DSLn Protocol analyzers, traffic generators, diverse analysis softwaren Powerline adapter test environmentn Environment for testing the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Voice Service

private cloud platform, including the simulation of a typical Fraun-

hofer institute communication infrastructure

serVICes

usability and interoperability testsn Testing of prototype communication systemsn System compatibility evaluationsn Set up of customer-specific heterogeneous enterprise networksn Independent transmission system testing n Design and implementation of prototype communication systems

and applications

measurementsn User equipment test series (i. e. powerline adapters) n Characteristics and behavior of defined transmission paths and

transmission systems

Information securityn Analyses for identifying vulnerabilities in communication protocols

and Internet-based services n Security and routing concepts for IP networks n Customer-specific security architectures n Design and prototype implementation of secure overlay networks

and IP services with a focus on SME solutions n Design and implementation of security policies for enterprise

networks with a focus on integrated mobile end-user devices


L A b

Fraunhofer ESK operates a comprehensive DSL & Access Test

Lab that can be used to analyze and test a wide range of

telecommunication network components, services and new

solutions ranging from end-user devices – such as telephones,

PCs and set top boxes – to IADs, modems, subscriber line

connections, access and aggregation networks and servers

for video, voice and data services.

The lab achieves real conditions by operating its own cable

farm that combines different telecommunication cables. In

addition, the telephone wiring structure of a four-story dwell-

ing with 16 residents is available to test the specific conditions

of the inhouse segment of a network.

Current projects include evaluating the use of VDSL2 vector-

ing systems as a way to improve access networks and testing

their energy consumption.

In order to streamline its test activities, the engineers created

a comprehensive automated test environment. The DSL &

Access Test Lab features a special test and measure ment station

designed for analyzing broadband powerline communication

(PLC) systems. This allows engineers to evaluate the perform-

ance characteristics of broadband PLC adapters. A special focus

of the tests involves analyzing the spectral compatibility of PLC

technologies with other transmission systems in homes and

buildings (i. e. xDSL) to gain an understanding of the various

types of interference that can occur.

With the combination of products and prototypes – or func-

tional patterns in test scenarios – the lab can gain further

knowledge of the relevant influence factors in various modes

of operation.

ACCEss & iNhOUsE TEsT LAb

equIPment

line simulators/interference generatorsfor VDSL2, ADSL2+ and SHDSL in line with ETSI, ANSI and

Broadband Forum requirements

twisted pair test network consisting of a 6,000-meter access

network and an inhouse test network with different types of linesn Access network for vectoring testsn Inhouse network for vectoring tests and the evaluation of special

building scenarios

Powerline network and test/measurement station for PlC transmission systemsn Inhouse test network for analyzing PLC systems under real

conditions

dslams from various manufacturers

aggregation network consisting of Ethernet and ATM switches

and a Juniper access router

servers for data, voice and video services

test and measurement equipmentn Ethernet test systems (Spirent Testcenter, Spirent Smartbits, IXIA

Chariot)n PC-based data/load generators and analyzersn Vector signal/network/spectrum/impedance analyzersn Bit error rate testern Diverse test and measurement equipment including energy and

performance measurement instruments, DSL and ISDN testers

sdr platform for transmission testsn USRP2 system with special front-endn Development environment: Matlab and GNURadio

special measurement environment for broadband powerline communication (PlC) systemsn Test and measurement station with inference generators and PLC

line simulation n Traffic generatorsn Test network for evaluating broadband PLC under real conditions n Spectrum analyzer for PLC signal measurements


FraunhoFer InstItute For embedded systems and CommunICatIon teChnologIes esK

Fraunhofer ESK undertakes applied research geared toward new infor-mation and communication technology (ICT) processes and methods. The activities focus on designing these increasingly distributed, heterogene-ous and networked ICT systems to be more reliable, flexible and resource efficient, thus ensuring that they contribute to improved products and production environments in the automobile and traffic, energy, auto mation and telecommunication industries.

Fraunhofer ESK boasts experienced researchers and young talent with ex-pertise in communication technologies ranging from transmission techniques and protocols to complete systems and the underlying software methods. To deliver its services, the institute bundles the engineering expertise of six core competencies across the Automotive, Industrial Communication and Telecommunication business units: Wired Transmission Technologies, Local Wireless Networks, Reliable Ethernet/IP Communication, Adaptive Systems, Model-based Software Development and Validation, Multicore Software.

Fraunhofer ESK belongs to the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, the largest orga-nization for applied research in Europe. The director of the institute is Prof. Dr. Rudi Knorr, who has also served as the Chair of Communication Systems at the University of Augsburg department of computer science since 2006.

69

The ESK management team (from right to left): Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rudi Knorr, Dr.-Ing. Dirk Eilers, Dr.-Ing. Mike Heidrich, Dipl.-Ing. Martina

Gerloff und Dipl.-Ing. Sven Brandt


As technology continues to evolve, growth in the number of

highly-networked embedded systems will have a major influ-

ence on the functionality of numerous products and systems

across a wide range of industries. With this in mind, Fraun-

hofer ESK focuses on designing these systems to make them

reliable, robust and resource efficient, even under real-time

conditions. The institute is thus making a significant contri-

bution to the implementation and effective management of

networked embedded systems.

Core competencies

Fraunhofer ESK researchers boast a wide range of communi-

cation technology expertise, from transmission techniques

and protocols, to adaptive systems and underlying software

methods. The communication technology research activities,

which involve both wired and wireless with a focus on Ether-

net and IP, are bundled across the following core competencies:

Wired transmission technologies, local Wireless net-

works, reliable ethernet/IP Communication. In the area

of software methods, the activities revolve around flexible,

complex embedded software systems and the development

of corresponding methods and tools, all of which are bundled

across the following core competencies: adaptive systems,

model-based software design and Validation, multi-

core software.

business units

With a wide range of solutions to address the demand for

increasingly distributed, heterogeneous and networked ICT

systems, Fraunhofer ESK is contributing to improved products

and production environments in the automobile/trans-

portation, energy, automation and telecommunication

market segments.

In the automobile and transportation segment, Fraunhofer

ESK examines underlying communication technologies and

software architectures for in-vehicle networking and vehicle-

to-environment (Car-to-X) infrastructures, in addition to

researching methods for the development of flexible and

reliable software systems, particularly in the area of embed-

ded automotive systems.

For the energy industry, Fraunhofer ESK examines which com-

munication technologies are best suited for smart grid applica-

tions and vehicle-to-grid connectivity. The institute also partici-

pates in several industry-related international standards groups.

In the area of automation, Fraunhofer ESK supports Industry

4.0-compatible system platforms through its research into

robust wireless systems and methods for developing and

debugging software for multicore-based embedded systems.

To address the growing demand for bandwidth and more

stringent security requirements in the telecommunication

industry, Fraunhofer ESK optimizes existing technologies such

as VDSL vectoring, develops new access and inhouse solutions

and designs automated test and analysis methods.

www.esk.fraunhofer.de/en

FRAUNhOFER iNsTiTUTE FOR EmbEddEd sysTEms ANd COmmUNiCATiON TEChNO LOgiEs Esk


ORgANizATiON ChART

Prof. dr.-ing. Rudi knorr

Director

dr.-ing. mike heidrich


sven brandt

Business Unit Manager Tele-communication

dr.-ing. dirk Eilers

Business Unit Manager Automotive

susanne baumer

Group Manager PR & Marketing

Falk Langer

Group Manager Automotive Networks

dr.-ing. Erik Oswald

Group Manager Smart Grid Communication

josef jiru

Group Manager Automotive Connectivity

dr. barbara staehle

Group Manager Wire less Auto-mation Networks

gereon weiss

Group Manager Automotive Software

group

Automation Software

mathias Leibiger

Group Manager Access and Inhouse Networks

group

Communication Solutions

sven brandt

Head of the IT Administration

martina gerloff

Head of the Administration


OUR CUsTOmERs ANd PARTNERs


FACTs ANd FigUREs

Personnel structure 2013

As of December 31, 2013, the Fraunhofer Institute for Embedded Systems and Communication Technologies ESK had 77

employees (82 percent in technical positions) who were supported by 111 interns and university undergraduates/graduates.

Personnel 2009–2013 (number of employees)

Researchers and engineers70.1 %

Administrative18.2 %

Interns / Graduate school students

Research assistants

Administrative

IT support

Researchers and engineers

IT support11.7 %

0

50

100

150

200

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013


0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Personnel costs Operating costs Capital expenditures

1,000

2,000

3,000

5,000

4,000

6,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Industrial income Public sector

Internal programs Other income

EU sector Internal income

research budget (in Euro thousands)

For the year 2013, personnel expenses totaled approximately € 4.9 million, operating costs around € 1.9 million and capital

expenditures around € 430,000.

research income (in Euro thousands)

Fraunhofer ESK generated research income of around € 5.7 million in year 2013.


If the world of applied research holds your fascination and if you are looking

to help shape the communication technologies of the future, then consider

Fraunhofer ESK. We offer a wide range of opportunities for professionals

in various career phases, plus numerous paths leading to advancement and

personal development. Opportunities exist for students, as well as graduates

with degrees in electronics or mechanical engineering and computer science.

We also welcome those who can bring leadership and management skills. As

outlined in the ESK guiding principles (pages 8-9), we encourage a continuous

and open dialogue between employees and management. Fraunhofer ESK

offers a variety of flexible work schedules designed to help employees main-

tain a proper work-life balance and to provide the chance to reconcile family

and career.

At Fraunhofer ESK, researchers pursue exciting projects within dynamic teams

in order to prepare themselves for a career in industry or academics while

establishing an international network of contacts.

Today, innovation results from collaboration. For this reason, our working

culture is based on mutual appreciation, respect and openness. We strive

to create an environment that promotes self-motivation and creativity.

With employees from 11 countries, the intercultural atmosphere at ESK

brings different experiences and perspectives to each project, which often

leads to new and alternative solutions.

Martina Gerloff

Head of the Administration

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-341

[email protected]

Martina Gerloff was appointed head of the

administration area at Fraunhofer ESK in

2000. She is responsible for the commercial,

personnel and organizational aspects of the

institute.

After holding several positions in the field

of financial controlling, Ms. Gerloff joined

the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft in 1992 where

she worked in the central administration’s

research and budget department. In this

capacity she was responsible for developing

and maintaining the institute budget for

Germany and the United States, preparing

and participating in the annual budget dis-

cussions with the various Fraunhofer institutes

and monitoring the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft

mid-term financial planning.

RECRUiTiNg

76

To supplement the extensive theoretical knowledge acquired during a univer-

sity education, Fraunhofer ESK offers natural sciences students the opportunity

to work on their thesis, to prepare for a career through an internship during or

directly upon completion of their studies and to gain initial and valuable work

experience. In 2013 we had 111 interns, trainees and undergraduates working

in various capacities at the institute, 40 percent of which are women.

Applied research has direct relevance to and involves close collaboration with

industry. The results of the research flow directly into the product development

chain. To carry out their R & D activities, ESK researchers utilize five fully equipped

labs: Access & Inhouse Test Lab, Automation Lab, Automotive Lab, Energy Lab

and NGN Lab.

n� �Wide range of career and personal

development opportunities

n� �Research with direct applicability

to real world solutions

n� �Work-life balance

n� �Continuous and open dialogue

between employees and management

n� �Networking

n� �Diversity

n� �Chance to reconcile family and

professional life

77

Fraunhofer ESK is headed by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rudi Knorr, who

also holds the Chair for Communication Technology at the

University of Augsburg Department of Computer Science.

This chair is devoted to basic research in the cutting-edge field

of self-organizing communication systems in conjunction with

next generation networks such as cyber-physical systems or

the Internet of Things.

The research activities and the teaching curriculum emphasize

the new demands being placed on information and commu-

nication technologies (ICT). In the future, a wide range of

applications, systems, equipment, machines, vehicles and

ICT networks will have to be combined in order to provide

common functions and services that are far beyond the

capabilities of the individual systems. One of the key require-

ments is the ability to dynamically react to device, services and

resources availability, in addition to responding to changes in

the environment in real time. This will result in a growing need

for increasingly adaptable networked systems.

self-organizing systems

In the future, the number of connected devices (end-user

devices, sensors, actuators) containing embedded systems,

as well as the capability and complexity of the devices and

the network infrastructures, will grow rapidly. This trend will

place an increasing focus on issues such as the reliability,

robustness, real-time behavior and resource efficiency of

networked adaptive systems. One of the prerequisites is the

availability of systems that interact intuitively with people

and other systems and which are capable of carrying out

more autonomous tasks. That equates to increasingly self-

organizing systems. Self-organization refers to the so-called

self-x technologies, which encompass autonomous capabili-

ties ranging from management, awareness, (re)configura-

tion, optimization, healing and protection, to adaptation and

description.

Among others, current projects in this area include adap-

tive methods for the dynamic and more efficient utilization

of wireless and wired channels and the development of

new algorithms and protocols for self-organizing networked

systems.

next generation networks (ngn)

In this area, the research activities include not only basic tech-

nologies for reliable connections and data transmissions, but

also the interoperability and uniformity of various systems and

components required for end-to-end communication, partic-

ularly with an eye on the future Internet, or the Internet of

Things. In other words, a scenario in which Internet techno-

logies pervade all technical systems, leading to the creation of

a global and application-wide integration platform.

Current research projects include the design of reliable IP-

based communication processes for internal vehicle systems

and wireless Car-to-X communication, as well as transmission

techno logies and the integration of vehicles into mobility con-

cepts, sensor networks and protocols for smart grids, smart

produc tion and broadband telecommunication networks.

ChAiR FOR COmmUNiCATiON TEChNOLOgy


The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft undertakes applied research

of direct utility to private and public enterprise and of wide

benefit to society. With a workforce of over 23,000, the

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is Europe’s biggest organization for

applied research, and currently operates a total of 67 insti-

tutes and research units. The organization’s core task is to

carry out research of practical utility in close cooperation with

its customers from industry and the public sector. In this way

the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft shapes the innovation process in

Germany and drives forward the development of key techno-

logies. The organization’s research focuses on the needs of

people in the areas of healthcare, security, communication,

mobility, energy and the environment. Fraunhofer’s inter-

national sites and its representative offices act as a bridge to

the regions of greatest importance to scientific progress and

economic development.

As part of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft network, Fraunhofer ESK

is deeply involved in the Fraunhofer-Group for Information and

Communication Technologies as well as the Fraunhofer-Group

for Microelectronics. Through collaboration between institutes

with a similar technical focus, these associations provide a plat-

form for discussing future projects and new technologies. Fraun-

hofer ESK also assumed leadership of the Fraunhofer Embedded

Systems Alliance in 2014. This alliance bundles the mechanical

engineering, electronics and IT expertise of its member insti-

tutes with the goal of developing solutions to address problems

that affect individual as well as multiple disciplines. Fraunhofer

ESK can thus rely on the other institutes to supplement its own

expertise and offer solutions from a single source.

Fraunhofer ESK also actively participates in technology and

industry committees outside of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft

including standards groups like AUTOSAR and the Car2Car

Communication Consortium and industry associations such as

the German Association of Engineers and the BICCNET and

Mechatronics clusters. Within the standards committees, the

goal is to drive the development of standards forward and to

ensure that the institute’s development activities stay ahead of

the technology curve. Participation in industry organizations

helps Fraunhofer ESK pinpoint the needs of the market and

develop corresponding solutions.

www.fraunhofer.de

www.iuk.fraunhofer.de

www.vue.fraunhofer.de

www.embedded.fraunhofer.de

NETwORkiNg – mORE ThAN jUsT TEChNOLOgy


Conference papers, articles 2012, 2013

Albert, Kristin; Stiller, Michael:

der browser als mobile Plattform der Zukunft – die möglichkeiten

von html5-apps: Chancen und grenzen der entwicklung mobiler

anwendungen mit hilfe von Webstandards.

In: Verclas, Stephan; LinnhoffPopien, Claudia: Smart Mobile Apps: Mit

BusinessApps ins Zeitalter mobiler Geschäftsprozesse. Berlin: Springer,

2012, S. 147–160.

Becker, Klaus; Zeller, Marc; Weiss, Gereon:

towards efficient on-line schedulability tests for adaptive net-

worked embedded real-time systems.

In: Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and

Communication – INSTICC, Setubal: 2nd International Conference on

Pervasive Embedded Computing and Communication Systems, PECCS

2012. Proceedings: 24–26 February, 2012, Rome, held in conjunction

with VISIGRAPP 2012 and SENSORNETS 2012. Rom: INSTICC, 2012,

S. 440–449.

Brandt, Sven:

die vergessenen telefonanlagen – warum es schnell teuer werden

kann.

In: Hudler, Matthias (Hrsg.); Koschuch, Manuel (Hrsg.); Krüger, Michael

(Hrsg.): Konferenz Cloud & Klein – IT im Spannungsfeld zwischen Server

cluster und Sensornetz. FH Campus Wien, 2012.

Dombrowski, Christian; Petreska, Neda; Görtzen, Simon; Schmeink, Anke;

Gross, James:

energy-efficient multi-hop transmission for machine-to-machine

communications.

In: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE: 11th International

Symposium and Workshops on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad

Hoc and Wireless Networks, WiOpt 2013. Proceedings: May 13–17, 2013

Tsukuba Science City. New York, NY: IEEE, 2013, S. 341–348.

Drabek, Christian; Pramsohler, Thomas; Zeller, Marc; Weiss, Gereon:

Interface verification using executable reference models:

an application in the automotive infotainment.

In: Ober, I.: 6th International Workshop on Model Based Architecting and

Construction of Embedded Systems, ACESMB 2013. Proceedings: Co

located with 16th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering

Languages and Systems, MoDELS 2013, September 29 2013. Miami 2013,

10 S. (CEUR Workshop Proceedings 1084).

Drabek, Christian; Weiss, Gereon:

bessere softwaremodelle mit einem richtlinien-Katalog.

In: ATZElektronik 8 (2013), Nr. 3, S. 210–215.

Pierre Audoin Consultants (PAC); Eickhoff, Beate (Interviewte); Della Schiava,

Manfred (Interviewter); Walla, Dirk (Interviewter); Avaya GmbH (Hrsg.):

der moderne arbeitsplatz im mittelstand: mobil, vernetzt und flexibel.

Berlin: Pierre Audoin Consultants (PAC), Whitepaper, 2012, 28 S.

Engelhardt, Daniel:

evaluierung von Inter-Prozess-Kommunikation unter embedded

linux. Performance-Killer oder leichtgewicht.

Vortrag gehalten auf dem BICCNet Innovation Forum Embedded Systems,

IFES, 27. April 2012, München 2012, 12 Folien.

Grilo, Antonio; Heidrich, Mike:

routing metrics for cache-based reliable transport in wireless

sensor networks.

In: EURASIP journal on wireless communications and networking (2013),

Art. 139, 16 S.

Heidrich, Wolf A.; Seydel, Dominique; Prehofer, Christian:

Improving rescue information using C2C and C2I communication.


Symposium on Wireless Vehicular Communications, WiVec 2013. Proceed

ings: June 2–3 2013, Dresden 2013, 5 S.

PUbLiCATiONs


Heinrich, Patrick:

towards network-wide energy estimation for adaptive embedded

systems.

In: Bunse, Christian (Hrsg.): 2nd Workshop EASED@BUIS 2013. Energy

Aware SoftwareEngineering and Development. Proceedings: 25. April

2013, Oldenburg, held in conjunction with the 5th BUISDays: ITbased

resource and energy management, 15. Tagung der Fachgruppe Betrieb

liche Umweltinformationssysteme der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.

(Oldenburg Lecture Notes in Software Engineering 4/2013).

Heinrich, Patrick; Prehofer, Christian:

early energy estimation in the design process of networked

embedded systems.


Communication – INSTICC, Setubal: 3rd International Conference on

Pervasive Embedded Computing and Communication Systems. CD

ROM, PECCS 2013. Proceedings: 19–21 February 2013, Barcelona, held

in conjunction with SENSORNETS 2013 and PHOTOPTICS 2013. Setubal:

INSTICC, 2013, S. 214–220.

Heinrich, Patrick; Prehofer, Christian:

network-wide energy optimization for adaptive embedded systems.

In: Pedreiras, P.; ArtistDesign – European Network of Excellence on

Embedded Systems Design: APRES 2012, 4th Workshop on Adaptive and

Reconfigurable Embedded Systems. Proceedings: April 16, 2012, Beijing;

In conjunction with CPSWeek 2012, April 16–19, 2012. Beijing 2012, 4 S.

Heinrich, Patrick; Prehofer, Christian; Langer, Falk:

Formale systembeschreibung von steuergeräten und Kommuni-

kationsnetzwerken zur automatisierten optimierung des energie-

verbrauchs.

In: VDI/VDE – Gesellschaft Mess und Automatisierungstechnik – GMA,

Düsseldorf: Automation 2012. 13. Branchentreff der Mess und Automa

tisierungstechnik: Kongresshaus BadenBaden, 13.–14. Juni 2012. Düssel

dorf: VDIVerlag, 2012, S. 255–260 (VDIBerichte 2171).

Jiru, Josef:

autonomous traffic warning system with Car-to-X communication.

In: ERCIM News (2013), Nr. 4, 2 S.

Kamphausen, Benjamin; Stante, Alexander; Zeller, Marc; Weiss, Gereon:

ernest – Framework for the early verification and validation of

networked embedded systems.

In: Design & Elektronik, Haar bei München: Embedded world 2013.

Proceedings. CDROM: February 26–28, 2013, Nuremberg. Haar: WEKA

Fachmedien, 2013, 6 S.

Leibiger, Mathias; Maierbacher, Gerhard; Strobel, Rainer:

g.Fast: Cable measurements for german In-house Cables.

In: Broadband Forum – BBF: Broadband Forum Q3 Meeting, 2013. Papers:

September 16–20, 2013, Atlanta 2013, 15 S.

Maierbacher, Gerhard; Leibiger, Mathias:

access- und Inhouse-netze in deutschland – ein erfahrungs-

bericht zu twisted-Pair Kabelmessungen.

In: Informationstechnische Gesellschaft im VDE: Kommunikationskabel

netze mit Ausstellung: Vorträge der 20. ITGFachtagung vom 10. bis

11. Dezember 2013 in Köln. Berlin: VDE Verlag, 2013, 8 S. (ITGFach

bericht 245).

Manderscheid, Martin; Prehofer, Christian:

network performance evaluation for distributed embedded

systems using feature models.

In: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE: 18th Inter na tional

Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems, ICECCS 2013.

Proceedings: 17–19 July 2013, Singapore. Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE Com

puter Society Conference Publishing Services (CPS), 2013, S. 46–55.

Meyer, Daniel; Drabek, Christian; Weiss, Gereon; Zeller, Marc:

modellbasierte absicherung von genIVI-schnittstellen.

In: Hanser Automotive (2013), Nr. 11, S. 48–51.


Nauck, Enrico; Oswald, Erik:

Kommunikationsschnittstellen für die netzbezogene Fern-

steuerung von Photovoltaikanlagen unter 100 kW einspeise-

leistung.

Vortrag gehalten auf dem 3. Energie & Technik Smart Home & Metering

Summit, 23.–24. Oktober 2013, München 2013, 9 S.

Nauck, Enrico; Oswald, Erik:

smart home – Zusammenspiel von metering & energie-management.

In: 2. Energie & Technik Smart Home & Metering Summit 2012. CDROM:

16.–17. Oktober 2012, Forum am Schlosspark, Ludwigsburg. Haar: WEKA


Nauck, Enrico; Oswald, Erik; Spähn, Michael:

anwendung der norm IeC 61850 in smart grids und deren nutzen

im bereich der elektromobilität.

In: Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Informationstechnik – VDE:

VDE Kongress „Smart Grid“ 2012. Intelligente Energieversorgung der Zu

kunft. CDROM: Kongressbeitäge; 5.–6. November 2012, Internationales

Congresscenter Stuttgart (ICS); Bd. 1 – Kongressbeiträge; Bd. 2 – Poster

beiträge. Berlin: VDEVerlag, 2012, 6 S.

Niestegge, Gerd; Spähn, Michael:

das datenvolumen bei der Zählerdatenerfassung über ein IP-netz.

Vortrag gehalten auf dem 3. Energie & Technik Smart Home & Metering

Summit, 23.–24. Oktober 2013, München 2013, 9 S.

Oliveira da Penha, Dulcineia; Weiss, Gereon:

Integrated timing analysis in the model-driven design of auto-

motive systems.

In: Bernardi, S.: 5th International Workshop on Nonfunctional Properties

in Modeling: Analysis, Languages, Processes, NIMALP 2013. Proceedings:

Colocated with 16th International Conference on Model Driven Engineer

ing Languages and Systems, MoDELS 2013, September 29 2013, Miami

2013, S. 41–49 (CEUR Workshop Proceedings 1074).

Oswald, Erik:

smart grid Communication.



Paulic, Annette; Pramsohler, Thomas; Kaule, Dirk; Zeller, Marc; Weiss, Gereon:

modellbasierte erkennung von Fehlverhalten: automatisierte

generierung von Verifikationsmodellen zur absicherung von

Funktionsschnittstellen im bereich Infotainment.

In: Elektronik automotive (2012), Nr. 8/9, 12 S.

Paulic, Annette; Weiss, Gereon; Eilers, Dirk:

Verbesserter softwaretest für steuergeräte kombiniert sequenz-

basierten und modellbasierten test.

In: ATZElektronik 7 (2012), Nr. 2, S. 150–154.

Paulic, Annette; Zeller, Marc; Weiss, Gereon; Eilers, Dirk:

model-based validation of automotive infotainment functions

using reference models.

In: Design & Elektronik, Haar bei München: Embedded world 2012. Pro

ceedings & conference materials. CDROM: Exhibition & Conference, it’s

a smarter world. February 28 – March 1, 2012, Nuremberg. Haar: WEKA


Paulic, Annette; Zeller, Marc; Weiss, Gereon; Eilers, Dirk:

modellbasierte Validierung von Infotainment-Funktionen im auto.


IFES, 27. April 2012, München, 2012, 22 Folien.

Petreska, Neda:

towards new routing solutions for wireless industrial networks.

In: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE; IEEE Computer

Society: 14th IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile

and Multimedia Networks, WoWMoM 2013. Proceedings: 4–7 June 2013,

Madrid. New York, NY: IEEE, 2013, 2 S.


Pramsohler, Thomas; Kafkas, Mahmut; Paulic, Annette; Zeller, Marc;

Baumgarten, Uwe:

Control flow analysis of automotive software components using

model-based specifications of dynamic behavior.

In: Society of Automotive Engineers – SAE: SAE World Congress &

Exhibition 2013. Papers: April 16–18, 2013, Detroit. Warrendale/Pa.:

SAE International, 2013, Paper 2013010435 (SAE Technical Papers).

Prehofer, Christian:

assume-guarantee specifications of state transition diagrams

for behavioral refinement.

In: Johnsen, Einar Broch: Integrated Formal Methods. 10th Inter

national Conference, IFM 2013. Proceedings: June 10–14, 2013,

Turku. Berlin: Springer, 2013, S. 31–45 (Lecture Notes in Computer

Science 7940).


behavioral refinement and compatibility of statechart

extensions.

In: Electronic notes in theoretical computer science. Online journal 295

(2013), S. 65–78.


Performance optimization for multicore.

Presentation held at BICCnet Innovation Forum Embedded Systems,



smart grids state of the art and current research – a european

perspective.

Presentation held at CPS Conference Feasibility Studies on R & D of

Solu tionoriented Integrated IT Infrastructure, 2012, Tokyo 2012,

48 Folien.

Prehofer, Christian; Zeller, Marc:

hierarchical transaction concept for runtime adaptation in real-

time, networked embedded systems.

In: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE; IEEE Industrial

Electronics Society – IES: 17th International Conference on Emerging

Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2012. Proceedings. Vol.2:

September 17–21 2012, Krakow. New York, NY: IEEE, 2012, S. 859–866.

Prehofer, Christian; Zeller, Marc:

towards runtime adaptation in real-time, networked embedded

systems.

In: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE; Informations

technische Gesellschaft – ITG: 7th International Symposium on Industrial

Embedded Systems, SIES 2012. Proceedings: June 20–22, 2012, Karlsruhe.

New York, NY: IEEE, 2012, S. 271–274.

Rafiq, Salman; Schmidt, Adriaan:

systematic modeling of workflows in trace-based software

debugging and optimization.

In: Lavazza, L. (Ed.); International Academy, Research, and Industry Asso

ciation – IARIA: 8th International Conference on Software Engineering

Advances, ICSEA 2013. Proceedings: October 27–31, 2013, Venice IARIA,

2013, S. 241–248.

Rafiq, Salman; Schmidt, Adriaan; Strebelow, Ronald; Prehofer, Christian:

Integrated tracing for debugging and performance optimization

of embedded multicore applications.

Poster presented at the 8th International Conference on HighPerformance

and Embedded Architectures and Compilers 2013, Berlin 2013, 1 Poster.

Répási, Tibor; Gießl, Sandro; Prehofer, Christian:

using model-checking for the detection of non-functional feature

interactions.


Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES), 2012. Proceedings:

13–15 June 2012, Lisbon. New York, NY: IEEE, 2012, S. 167–172.


Schmidt, Adriaan:

Profiling bare-metal cores in amP systems.

In: European Electronic Chips & Systems design Initiative – ECSI, Gieres;

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE: System, Software,

SoC and Silicon Debug Conference, S4D 2012. Proceedings: September

19–20 2012, Vienna. Gieres: ECSI, 2012, S. 18–21.

Schmidt, Adriaan; Horst, Oliver:

software-based online monitoring of cache contents on platforms

without coherence fabric.

In: Leung, K.R.P.H.; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE,

Hong Kong Section; Association for Computing Machinery – ACM, Hong

Kong Chapter: 19th AsiaPacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC

2012. Proceedings: Vol.1: 4–7 December 2012, Hong Kong; including the

International Workshop on Software Quality and Management, SQAM

2012, and the International Workshop on Software Analysis, Testing and

Applications, SATA 2012. New York, NY: IEEE, 2012, S. 194–202.

Stante, Alexander; Kamphausen, Benjamin; Zeller, Marc; Weiss, Gereon:

Verifying & validating non-functional properties of automotive

software architectures in early design stages.

In: VDIWissensforum: AUTOREG 2013: Steuerung und Regelung von

Fahrzeugen und Motoren. Proceedings: 05.–06. Juni 2013, BadenBaden.

Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag, 2013, S. 421–430 (VDIBerichte 2196).

Steiner, Torsten:

datenfusion, digitale Karte und Car-to-X in der Praxis.

In: Bayern Innovativ: Kooperationsforum Fahrerassistenzsysteme. Proceed

ings: 10. Mai 2012, Aschaffenburg 2012, 25 S.

Steiner, Torsten; Roscher, Karsten; Jiru, Josef:

Cooperative glare reduction using V2V radio technology.


Symposium on Wireless Vehicular Communications, WiVec 2013. Proceed

ings: June 2–3, 2013, Dresden. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2013, 5 S.

Strebelow, Ronald:

neue ansätze für tracing: trace-basiertes debugging von multi-

Core-systemen.

In: EntwicklerMagazin (2013), Nr. 4, S. 93–97.

Strebelow, Ronald; Prehofer, Christian:

analysis of event processing design patterns and their

performance dependency on I/o notification mechanisms.

In: Pankratius, V.: Multicore Software Engineering, Performance, and

Tools. International Conference, MSEPT 2012: Proceedings: May 31 –

June 1, 2012, Prague. Berlin: Springer, 2012, S. 54–65 (Lecture Notes in

Computer Science 7303).

Strebelow, Ronald; Prehofer, Christian; Tribastone, Mirco:

Performance modeling of design patterns for distributed

computation.

In: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE: 20th IEEE Inter

national Symposium on Modeling, Analysis & Simulation of Computer and

Telecommunication Systems, MASCOTS 2012. Proceedings: 7.–9. August

2012, Washington, D.C. Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE Computer Society Press,

2012, S. 251–258.

Weber, Christian; Hildebrandt, Günter:

evaluation of blind sensing algorithms in the 2.4 ghz Ism-band

on gnu radio and usrP2.

In: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE: International

Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, ISWCS 2012. Proceed

ings Vol. 2: 28–31 August 2012, Paris. New York, NY: IEEE, 2012,

S. 551–555.

Weiss, Gereon; Grigoleit, Florian; Struss, Peter:

Context modeling for dynamic configuration of automotive

functions.


Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2013. Proceedings:

October 6–9, 2013, The Hague. New York, NY: IEEE, 2013, 6 S.


Zeller, Marc; Prehofer, Christian:

modeling and efficient solving of extra-functional properties for

adaptation in networked embedded real-time systems.

In: Journal of systems architecture 59 (2013), Nr. 10, S. 1067–1082.


a multi-layered control approach for self-adaptation in auto-

motive embedded systems.

In: Advances in software engineering (2012), Art. 971430, 15 S.


self-adaptation in automotive embedded systems using a

multi-layered control approach.


Communication – INSTICC, Setubal: 2nd International Conference on

Pervasive Embedded Computing and Communication Systems, PECCS

2012. Proceedings: 24–26 February, 2012, Rome, held in conjunction with

VISIGRAPP 2012 and SENSORNETS 2012. Rom: INSTICC, 2012, S. 459–468.


timing constraints for runtime adaptation in real-time, networked

embedded systems.

In: Müller, H.A.; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE;

Association for Computing Machinery – ACM; Association for Comput ing

Machinery – ACM, Special Interest Group on Software Engineer ing –

SIGSOFT; IEEE Computer Society, Technical Council on Software Engineer

ing: 7th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive

and SelfManaging Systems, SEAMS 2012. Proceedings: June 4–5, 2012,

Zuerich; Colocated with ICSE 2012, 34th International Conference on Soft

ware Engineering. Los Alamitos: IEEE Computer Society, 2012, S. 73–82.

Zeller, Marc; Prehofer, Christian; Krefft, Daniel; Weiss, Gereon:

towards runtime adaptation in autosar.

In: SIGBED Review, 10 (2013), Nr. 4, 4 S. Special Issue on 5th Workshop on

Adaptive and Reconfigurable Embedded Systems, APRES 2013, held in

conjunction with CPS Week April 8–11 2013, Philadelphia, 4 S.

diploma, bachelor and master thesis 2012, 2013

Barth, Robert; Heinrich, Patrick (Betreuer); Endl, Bernhard (Erst-

gutachter); Cramer, Stefan (Zweitgutachter):

Implementierung eines Fahrzeugnetzwerks in matlab zur

berechnung des energieverbrauchs.

Gießen, 2012, 55 S. (Gießen, TH, Dipl.Arb., 2012).

Becker, Matthias; Orehek, Martin (Supervisor); Fischer, Max (Super-

visor); Schmidt, Adriaan (Super visor):

evaluation of load balancing methods on embedded multicore

systems and their effect on power consumption.

München, 2013, 81 S. (München, Hochschule, Master Thesis, 2013).

Bremer, Lars; Graffi, Kalman (Supervisor); Scheideler, Christian (Super-

visor); Jiru, Josef (Supervisor):

adaptive data aggregation in vehicular ad hoc networks.

Paderborn, 2013, 109 S. (Paderborn, Univ., Master Thesis, 2013).

Breunig, Christoph; Heinrich, Patrick (Betreuer):

Konzeptionierung und Implementierung eines Verfahrens zur

energieeffizienten ausführung von applikationen.

BachelorArbeit. Rosenheim, 2012 (Rosenheim, Hochschule, Bachelor

Thesis, 2012).

Bucher, Dennis; Klein, Hermann (Betreuer); Engelhardt, Daniel (Be treuer):

entwicklung fahrdynamischer steuergerätefunktionen eines

elek trofahrzeuges, am beispiel von torque Vectoring eines

einzelradgetriebenen allradfahrzeuges, im maßstab 1:5.

Landshut, 2012, 85 S. (Landshut, Hochschule, Master Thesis, 2012).

Clanzig, Kellya; Stante, Alexander (Super visor); Herkersdorf, Andreas

(Super visor):

methodology for the analysis of non-functional attributes of auto-

motive systems throughout the development process using east_adl.

München, 2012, XV, 96 S. (München, TU, Master Thesis, 2012).


Djantar, Jan; Heinrich, Patrick (Betreuer); Horst, Oliver (Betreuer);

Neugebauer, Peter (Erstgutachter); Kriesten, Reiner (Zweitgutachter):

Konzeptionierung der e/e-architektur eines elektro-Kleinst fahrzeugs.

Karlsruhe, 2013, 103 S. (Karlsruhe, Hochschule, Bachelor Thesis, 2013).

Grigoleit, Florian; Struss, Peter (Betreuer); Weiss, Gereon (Betreuer):

Kontextmodellierung als grundlage für dynamische Konfigurie-

rung von Fahrzeugfunktionen.

München, 2012, 87 S. (München, TU, Master Thesis, 2012).

Habelmann, Caren; Fahrenwald, Claudia (Erstprüfer); Luthardt, Nicole

(Zweitprüfer):

Weiterbildungsbedarf und lernpotentiale junger Führungskräfte.

eine qualitative studie anhand junger Führungskräfte im mittleren

management.

Augsburg, 2013, 50 S. (Augsburg, Univ., Bachelor Thesis, 2013).

Hiebl, Michael; Möncke, Ulrich (Supervisor); Langer, Falk (Advisor):

unsupervised clustering of automotive network traces for

learn ing deterministic finite state machines.

München, 2012, 70 S. (München, Hochschule, Master Thesis, 2012).

Klier, Philipp Andreas; Werner, Uwe (Betreuer); Weiss, Gereon (Betreuer):

modellierung von laufzeit-adaptivität im bereich automotive.

München, 2012, 60 S. (München, Hochschule, Bachelor Thesis, 2012).

Kloke, Sarah; Götz, Irene (Betreuer); Fernandez, Johana (Betreuer):

Karrierewege von nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen am beispiel

der Fraunhofer gesellschaft.

München, 2013, 41 S. (München, LudwigMaximiliansUniv., Bachelor

Thesis, 2013)

Kolesa, Patrick; Auer, Alexander (Betreuer); Eibert, Thomas (Betreuer):

entwurf einer metrik zur beurteilung der qualität von Funk-

kanälen im industriellen umfeld.

München, 2013, 63 S. (München, TU, Bachelor Thesis, 2013)

Kraus, Daniel; Knorr, Rudi (Betreuer); Strebelow, Ronald (Betreuer); Unger,

Theo (Zweitgutachter):

evaluierung von layer-2 adress-look-up techniken auf multicore-

Prozessoren.

Augsburg, 2012, 49 S. (Augsburg, Univ., Bachelor Thesis, 2012).

Krefft, Daniel; Zeller, Marc (Betreuer):

Konzeption und Implementierung einer laufzeitumgebung für

selbstadaption in automobilen e/e-systemen.

Augsburg, 2012, 112 S. (Augsburg, Univ., Master Thesis, 2012).

Lintner, Andreas; Irber, Alfred (Betreuer); Demmel, Korbinian (Betreuer):

Konzeption und erstellung einer FPga-Implementierung zur

unter stützung der entwicklung und des tests von prioritäts-

basierten dienstgütemechanismen in ethernet-netzwerken.


Miesel, Christoph; Hammerschall, Ulrike (Betreuer); Paulic, Annette

(Betreuer):

regressionstests im modellbasierten entwurf von Infotainment-

Funktionen im auto.

München, 2013, 83 S. (München, TU, Bachelor Thesis, 2013).

Neupane, Ganesh; Shibli, Kamel (Betreuer); Mondin, Marina (Betreuer);

Garello, Roberto (Betreuer):

analysis and performance evaluation of narrowband powerline

communication system based on g3-PlC standard in CeneleC

a-band.

Torino, 2013, VI, 69 S. (Torino, Politecnico di Torino, Master Thesis, 2013)

Nguyen, Anh; Diepold, Klaus (Betreuer); Langer, Falk (Betreuer):

assessment of self-learning method to detect anomaly

behaviour in embedded safety Critical systems.

München, 2013, 74 S. (München, TU, Dipl.Arb., 2013).


Pröbstl, Alma; Steiner, Torsten (Betreuer); Weiherer, Tobias (Betreuer);

Diepold, Klaus (Betreuer):

Comparison of map matching approaches in vehicle to vehicle

communication.

Diplomarbeit. München, 2013, 116 S. (München, TU, Dipl.Arb., 2013).

Ramamurthy, Preethi; Rafiq, Salman (Betreuer); Wong, Stephan (Advisor);

Bertels, Koen (Advisor); Zaidman, Andy (Advisor):

modelling and analysis of execution traces for real-time applications.

Delft, 2013, 64 S. (Delft, TU, Master Thesis, 2013).

Saad, Ahmad; Dahlhaus, Dirk (Supervisor); Hildebrandt, Günter (Super visor):

Co-Channel Interference detection using hos for Coexistence

management in Industrial automation.

Kassel, 2013, 91 S. (Kassel, Univ., Master Thesis, 2013).

Sachse, Marcel; Stiller, Michael (Betreuer); Socher, Gudrun (Betreuer):

Konzeption und prototypische realisierung einer Webapp zur

plattformübergreifenden nutzung und Verwaltung von ebooks

innerhalb einer gruppe.

München, 2012, 70 Seiten (München, HS, Bachelor Thesis, 2012).

Schelter, Christian; Wieland, Thomas (Betreuer); Franze, Juliane (Betreuer):

Web-basiertes kollaboratives e-reading für örtlich getrennte

Personen.

Coburg, 2013, 104 S. (Coburg, Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften,

Master Thesis, 2013).

Shamim, Ahsan; Stante, Alexander (Betreuer); Lilus, Johan (Betreuer):

model transformations east-adl to autosar.

Turku, 2012, 73 S. (Turku, Univ., Master Thesis, 2012).

Sikowski, Patrick; Kamphausen, Benjamin (Betreuer); Hammerschall, Ulrike

(Betreuer):

transformation von autosar-modellen nach ernest.


Wolf, Andreas; Roscher, Karsten (Betreuer); Pfeiffer, Volkhard (Betreuer):

aufbau einer einheitlichen schnittstelle zur abfrage von Karten-

daten.

München, 2012, 50 S. (Coburg, Hochschule, Bachelor Thesis, 2012).

dissertations 2012, 2013

Heidrich, Mike; Knorr, Rudi (Erstgutachter); Unger, Theo (Zweitgutachter):

adaptiver Fehlerschutz in drahtlosen lokalen netzen zur Über-

tragung skalierbar codierter Videodaten.

Augsburg, 2012, 187 S. (Augsburg, Univ., Diss., 2012).

Zeller, Marc; Knorr, Rudi (Gutachter); Unger, Theo (Gutachter); Prehofer,

Christian (Gutachter):

selbst-adaptivität in vernetzten eingebetteten systemen unter

berücksichtigung nicht-funktionaler anforderungen.

München: Verlag Dr. Hut, 2013, 225 S. (Zugl.: Augsburg, Univ., Diss., 2013)

(ISBN 9783843909945; ISBN 3843909946).


2013 EvENT highLighTs

February: embedded and networked

At the Embedded World Exhibition and Con-

ference in Nürnberg, Fraunhofer ESK present-

ed several platforms and tools for embedded

systems such as the ERNEST open simulation

and test framework for validating software

quality and conformity to standards in vehicle

applications. Additional highlights included

tools for developers of embedded multicore

systems and TCP/IP tests for the AUTOSAR

automotive architecture.

June: Vehicle and environment

networking

At the ITS Congress in Dublin, representatives

from Fraunhofer ESK and RUETZ Techno logies

introduced an intelligent traffic warning

system based on the Fraunhofer ESK ezCar2X

framework. Using Car-to-X technology, the

system for examole precisely warns drivers

when heavy fog creates dangerous road

conditions.


october: “smart” networking

At the Energy & Technology Smart Home & Metering

Summit in Munich, Fraunhofer ESK presented communica-

tion concepts that satisfy the requirements of Germany’s

renewable energy act (EEG) with respect to remotely controlling photovoltaic systems.

The institute also introduced a method for calculating and estimating the volume of data

that accrues within the IP network when reading smart meters.

June: Personally networked

Under the motto “We take networking personally”,

Fraunhofer ESK was represented at the IKOM Career

Forum in Munich for the fifth time. Researchers from

the Munich institute were on hand to discuss various

research projects and career opportunities with aspiring

scientists and engineers.

november: robust networking

At the SPS IPC Drives trade fair in Nürnberg, Fraunhofer

ESK introduced Awair, a wireless measurement station

that can be used to integrate new wireless systems into

existing production facilities, as well as to monitor the

quality of operational wireless networks.

Fraunhofer ESK Annual Report 2013/2014 8 9

hOw TO REACh Ustraveling north to south: using the Mittlerer Ring, you will

cross the railroad lines at Donnersbergerbrücke. Stay in the

right hand lane as you enter the tunnel. At the end of the

tunnel, take the first exit Westend/Heimeranplatz. Take the

first right onto Tübinger Strasse, then the next right onto

Dillwächterstrasse and finally the first right onto Hansastrasse.

Travel straight for approximately 150 meters. Our building is

on the right hand side, Hansastrasse 32.

traveling south to north: using the Mittlerer Ring, take

the Westend/Heimeranplatz exit, cross the intersection

and turn left onto Hansastrasse. Travel straight for approxi-

mately 100 meters. Our building is on the left hand side,

Hansa strasse 32.

Parking is available in the underground garage of our building

by entering from Dillwächterstrasse. Parking spaces for visitors

are on the basement level (1. Untergeschoss).

Fraunhofer Institute for embedded systems

and Communication technologies esK

Hansastr. 32, 80686 München

by train

From Munich main station: Take the U4 or U5 subway

( U-Bahn) in the direction of Laimer Platz or Westendstraße

as far as Heimeranplatz. Exit the most forward portion of

the train and follow the signs to the Hansastrasse exit.

Cross Hansa strasse using the pedestrian crosswalk, then

immediately turn right and walk approximately 50 meters.

We are located on the fourth floor of the next large build-

ing, Hansastrasse 32. Please note, the journey from the

Munich main station to Heimeranplatz requires two stripes

with the MVV stripe card.

by air

From Munich airport, take the S8 or S1 suburban rail ( S-Bahn)

line as far as Karlsplatz Stachus station, and change to the

U4 or U5 subway (U-Bahn). Travel in the direction of Laimer

Platz as far as Heimeranplatz. Exit the most forward portion

of the train and follow the signs to the Hansastrasse exit.

Cross Hansastrasse using the pedestrian crosswalk, then

immediately turn right and walk approximately 50 meters.

We are located on the fourth floor of the next large building,

Hansastrasse 32.

by car

If arriving in munich on the a 8 motorway, take it right

through to the end and continue straight on Verdistrasse. Turn

right on Meyerbeerstrasse, then left on Landsberger Strasse,

and right on Elsenheimer Strasse, which eventually turns into

Hansastrasse. Travel straight for approximately 500 meters.

Our building is on the right hand side, Hansastrasse 32.

If arriving in munich on any other motorway, follow the

signs to the Mittlerer Ring (city circular) in the direction of the

Stadtmitte (city center). to

to Landsberg,Lindau

Central Station

Fraunhofer ESK Annual Report 2013/20149 09 0

Photography

Bernd Müller Fotografie

www.berndmueller-fotografie.com

Elvira Peter

www.elvirapeter.de

layout and graphics

formidee designbüro

www.formidee.de

english Version

Daniel Hawpe

English Language Services

www.hawpe.eu

[email protected]

acknowledgements

We would like to express our appreciation to our

customers and indudustry partners for their trust

and willingness to disclose information about our

mutual projects in this annual report. Industry

projects were published with the approval of our

partners.

© Fraunhofer Institute for Embedded Systems

and Communication Technologies ESK, 2014

All rights reserved. Reprints, reproduction and

translation are subject to editorial authorization.

editorial notes

editorial address

Fraunhofer Institute for Embedded Systems

and Communication Technologies ESK

Hansastr. 32

80686 München

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-0

Telefax: +49 89 54 70 88-220

[email protected]


editorial team

Susanne Baumer

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-353

Telefax: +49 89 54 70 88-220

[email protected]

Marion Rathmann

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-395

Telefax: +49 89 54 70 88-220

[email protected]

Christiane Weber

Phone: +49 89 54 70 88-339

Telefax: +49 89 54 70 88-220

[email protected]

Image Credits

All images courtesy of Fraunhofer ESK with the

exception of: pages 6, 7, 14, 44, 54, 56, 76 /77, 84:

Panther Media GmbH. Cover graphic, graphic p. 18:

curlee true communication

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