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*Introduction to the FP35 Hearing Aid Analyzerv6.01 SoftwareKristina FryeFrye Electronics

*The FONIX FP35 Hearing Aid Analyzer

*The FP35 offers:Quick & accurate coupler measurementsAn intuitive but versatile user interfaceOn-screen pop-up help windowsMultiple options for stimuli and measurement settingsBuild-in thermal printer and RS232 capabilityOptional real-ear measurements

*Standard Accessories Include:HA-1 & HA-2 couplers

BTE adaptorCoupler microphone calibration adaptor

*Optional Accessories Include:Soft computer style carrying case

*Optional Accessories Include:External sound chamber

*Basic analyzer features:Automated ANSI or IEC test sequenceCoupler MulticurveUp to 4 response curves in dB Gain or dB SPLHarmonic and intermodulation distortionFour types of pure-tone sweepspure tone sweep audio demonstrationAbility to set custom default settings

*Composite: Broadband signal consisting of 79 different frequencies presented simultaneously, updating up to five times a second- audio demonstrationDigital Speech: Modulated Composite signal for testing digital hearing aids with noise suppression technology - audio demonstrationICRA, ANSI, LTASS (DSL) speech weighting options with Composite & Digital SpeechComposite/Digital Speech features(Now included standard)

*Function Keys [F1] to [F5]HelpPrintResetOperate (On)

Basic Operation

*

ExitMenuBackNextArrow KeysStart/StopBasic Operation

*Front-panel Buttons to remember[MENU] : Enters/exits local menus[NEXT/BACK]: Moves between related measurement screens and between main & advanced menusArrow keys: Moves cursor through choices, or to adjust frequency/level[START/STOP]: Starts/stops selected function[EXIT] : Exits current screen, keeping curves[RESET]: Exits and clears data, resetting analyzer

*Function Keys F1 through F5Function keys vary from screen to screen but are always labeled above the F keye.g. pressing [F2] in the Opening screen takes you to the Real Ear Audiogram screen if available. F3F2F4F1F5

*Function Keys (Continued)Holding down a key will offer a pop-up menu - use arrows and START to selectRepeated presses rotate through selectionse.g. in the Coupler Multicurve screen, [F4] selects the source type for measurementF4

*Local MenusEvery measurement screen has a local menu containing settings for that screenShown here is the local menu for the coupler Multicurve screen

*Additional Menu ChoicesSome screens have additional menu choices. Use [NEXT] and [BACK] to move between the menus.Shown here is the Advanced Menu in the Coupler Multicurve screen

*Pop-up help windows can guide you through steps available in the current screenShown here are help steps for the Real-Ear Audiogram Entry screen if available

Onscreen Help

*Coupler ConfigurationsOverview of testing a BTE

*Proper Setup for Testing a BTE

Velcro in the sound chamber and on the coupler assists in keeping the unit in place during measurement - center the BTE microphone over the loudspeaker.

HA-2 coupler with BTE adapter.

*Proper Set-Up for Testing an ITE

Be sure leaks are sealed, or will have excessive 500 Hz gain

*ANSI S3.22-2003For quality control to ensure dispensed hearing aids match manufacturers specsCompared to previous standard it offers:Multiple I/O and attack/release measurementsAGC aids tested at reduced reference test gainFrom the Opening Screen, press [F5] or [F4]

*ANSI 03 Setup F1: Choose Aid TypeReminder: Level the sound chamber daily, or if room noise changes.Press [MENU] to open local menu. Use arrow keys to make selections.F2 & F3: Select I/O freq to test

*ANSI 03 Results (AGC Aid)Average &Max Output Full On & Ref Test GainsFrequency RangeEq. Input NoiseFrequency ResponseCurveOutput (OSPL90) CurveHarmonicDistortion

*ANSI 03 Results (continued) Input/Output CurvesI/O Curves Key

*Coupler Multicurve Screen Choose stimulus of pure tone (sweeps or single frequency), Composite, or Digital Speech Measure/display a family of up to 4 frequency response curves Show graph or data numerical valuesMeasure/display harmonic and intermodulation distortion

*Coupler Multicurve ScreenF1 Delete curveF2 Select curveF3 Turn curve on/offF4 Select source typeF5 - LevelAmplitude

*Coupler Local MenusA useful option in the local MENU is to switch between Gain and SPL display.A second Advanced menu is accessed using Next key.

*Family of CurvesThis curve family shows linear amplification up to 60 dB and compression from 60 dB through 90 dB SPLCurve boxPressing help explains the abbreviated curve codes

*Another Family of CurvesThis curve family shows no compression between 50 and 70 dB SPL with output limiting starting at 80 dB SPL for this high gain hearing aid

*Testing Digital AidsSome DSP aids have NR circuitry that reduces gain when the input signal is noiseThe composite signal, because it is continuous and non-modulating, is seen by the circuitry as noiseThus, gain is reduced in the aid while the composite signal is on, and thus the measurement is not accurate

*A Solution: The Digital Speech SignalSwitches Composite signal on/off intermittently in burstsThe on time can be set from 50 to 150 msec and the off time is randomly varied between 100 msec and 300 msecThus, the hearing aid responds as if the input is speech instead of noise (i.e., modulated instead of continuous)ANSI, ICRA, and LTASS speech weightings are available with this stimulus tooRecently improved to test aids with feedback suppression!

*Example using DSP Aid

ICRASpectraANSISpectraComposite Signal

*Battery Current DrainPlug the battery pill into the interior side of the sound chamberBattery current measurements will be automatically enabled

*Harmonic Distortion TestHarmonic distortion can be measured during any pure-tone sweep by setting the DISTORTION type in the local menu to 2ND, 3RD, or TOTAL.Distortion scaling on right side of graph

*Frequency Shifting Hearing aidsSome hearing aids compress the frequency response of the input signal in order to amplify at frequencies where the patient has residual hearingThe DIG FS input signal produces a pure-tone signal and measures the response across the entire frequency band so you can see where that signal is being amplified

*Frequency Shift TestThe DIG FS test defaults to 4000 Hz, but can be changed to any frequency between 200-8000 Hz in 100 Hz intervalsF4 Select DIG FSDotted line represents the input signalThe aid shifts the peak to 3000 Hz

*Intermodulation Distortion TestIM distortion can be measured by setting the IM FREQ DIFF in the advanced menu. This will create the DIST source type selectionF4 Select DIST type

*Numerical Data DisplayTo display numerical data select DATA in the DATA/GRAPH selection in the local menu

*CIC OptionSet the COUPLER TYPE to CIC in the local menu.CIC couplerHA-1 coupler

*Open Fit CouplerThe Open Fit coupler provides a more realistic frequency response than a 2-cc coupler and its easier to attach to the hearing aid.

*FP35 Real-ear Measurements

*The FP35 Real Ear Basic:Integrated probe microphoneCalibration adaptorsExtension pole for speaker

*Optional Real-ear AccessoriesInfant headband setSwing-arm speakerInsert earphones and calibration adaptor for RECD

*Real-Ear features:Fitting rules: NAL-NL1, MOD NAL, DSL, NAL-RP, plus the traditional onesAge correction factors for testing kids with NAL-NL1 and DSLInsertion Gain & SPL-o-gram methodsVisible SpeechCoupler Target & Simulated Real-earRECD

*FP35 Real-ear ScreensAudiogram entry screenReal-ear SPL screenUnaided & aided screenInsertion gain screenUse the [NEXT] and [BACK] keys when in Real-ear Mode to cycle between these four screens.

*Real-ear ConfigurationUse Built-in speakerOr use Optional external speaker

*Audiogram Entry ScreenF2 Select HTL/UCL/BoneF3 Generate TargetFrequencyAmplitude

*FeaturesFitting rules: NAL-NL1, MOD NAL, DSL, NAL-RP, plus the traditional onesAge correction factors for testing kids with NAL-NL1, MOD NAL, and DSLRECD

*NAL-NL1 & MOD NAL FeaturesAge of client (kids)Number of channelsBone conductionBilateral vs. Unilateral lossLimiting: Multi-channel or WidebandCompression threshold

*Press [F3] to generate the target Press [F5] to toggle between IG target and SPL targetShown here is IG Target Generating the Selected TargetInter-F3F5Note: No curves are measured in the Audiogram Entry screen

*Set-up for Real Ear MeasuresInternal sound chamber converts to sound field speaker; should be ear heightRecommend position patient 12 from the speaker at 45 angleStand away from the patient/loudspeaker during measurements

Probe

*Proper Placement of MicrophonesProbe tube: marked 30 mmfrom the tip for Adultsand 25 mm for childrenRefMic

*Leveling the Sound Field LoudspeakerReminder: Re-level for each patient and each earPosition patient and earhook/microphone (probe tube insertion optional)Go to REM test screen (Real-ear SPL, Real-ear Unaided & Aided, or Real-ear Insertion Gain) using [NEXT] and [BACK].Press Level [F5] and [START/STOP]Leveling only uses the reference microphone so probe placement doesnt matterThe hearing aid can be inserted in the ear during leveling as long as it is turned off.

*Real-ear SPL ScreenUCLsTarget (*)HTLsF2 Select CurveF4 Select Source TypeAmplitudeSTART/STOP

*Real-ear SPL MeasurementsAided 3 below UCLsAided 2 meet targetAided 1 above HTLsGoal:

*Visible SpeechUse Live Speech or Pre-recorded Speech from an attached CD player or iPodSet the source type to COMP (or DIG SPCH) with F4Set the source level to OFF using the down-arrow key repeatedlyPress START/STOP to start the measurement

*Visible Speech Setup with External SignalsiPod or CD player

*Visible Speech TestingReal-time curvePeak Pulsed average (diamonds)F4 COMP or DIG SPCHF2 Select AIDED curveSource OFFREF = Input signal level

*Third Octave analysisTwo SPL analysis methods are available:100 Hz FFT SPL: 79 measurement points every 100 Hz3RD Octave SPL: 17 measurement points unequally spaced with higher resolution in the low frequencies

*100 Hz FFT vs Third Octave AnalysisThird Octave analysis100 Hz FFT analysis

*First: Thought Experiment 100 Hz vs 50 Hz AnalysisThink of the output of a frequency response as energy.Each point on the response is a bin. More bins = better resolution, less output per bin

*100 Hz FFT Analysis vs Third OctaveAll FONIX analyzers perform 100 Hz FFT analysisFrequency response is divided into 79 different points that are 100 Hz equidistant (200, 300, 400 7900, 8000 Hz)In Third Octave analysis, frequency response is divided into 17 different points: 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150, 4000, 5000, 6300, and 8000 Third Octave analysis has better resolution in the low frequencies and less resolution in the high frequencies due to logarithmic scalingDifference between 100 Hz FFT and Third Octave analysis is 3 dB per octave

*Important NotesThis 3 dB per octave difference only occurs when viewing results in terms of dB SPL (coupler or real-ear). Gain measurements are not affected.This difference only occurs when using broadband signals. During a pure-tone sweep, only one bin is filled at a time, so the energy is not distributed.

*Third Octave analysis on the FP35 analyzerAvailable in Real-ear SPL and Coupler Multicurve test screens.

*Auto TestWhen enabled, it measures all three aided measurement curves sequentiallyThe measurement time for each curve can be changed in the Advanced MenuThe unaided curve is not part of the Auto Test Sequence

*Auto TestEnable Auto Test in the local menu. The Auto Duration setting is in the advanced menu (NEXT)

*Insertion Gain

Aided & Unaided screen shows aided and unaided measurements in dB Gain or dB SPLInsertion Gain screen shows resulting insertion gain curve & insertion gain target

*Aided & Unaided ScreenAided 1Unaided

*Insertion Gain ScreenIG TargetIG measured curves

*Directional Hearing AidsPerform two measurements: one with the speaker in front of the patient, the other with the speaker behind the patientUse the Unaided & Aided screen for showing forward and reverse measurementsUse the Insertion Gain screen for showing directional advantage

*Directional DisplayForward measurementReverse measurement

*Directional AdvantageDirectional advantage

*Coupler TargetsAudiogram entered in Audiogram Entry screen, as normalRECD Average or MeasuredCoupler Target screenCoupler EarSim screen

*Real-ear to Coupler Difference (RECD)The acoustical difference between the 2-cc coupler and the real-ear unaided response on a patient (as measured with insert earphones)Two measurements are needed:The coupler measurement: Performed in the Calibration screen only periodicallyThe real-ear measurement: Performed in the Audiogram Entry screen for each patient measured

*RECD Coupler Physical SetupInsert coupler microphone into HA-2 couplerConnect insert earphone to HA-2 couplerPlug insert earphone into the back of the FP35 analyzer in the plug marked Earphone.

*RECD Coupler FP35 OperationPress [MENU] from the Opening screen to enter the Default Settings screenPress [F3] to go to the Calibration ScreenPress [F4] to go to the Earphone Calibration ScreenPress [START/STOP] twice to perform the measurementPress [F5] and [START/STOP] to save the coupler RECD.Use the down arrow to select Calibrate Ins. Earphone (RECD) and repeat steps 4-5.

*RECD Real-ear Physical SetupInsert probe microphone into earInsert insert earphone into earMarked 30 mmfrom the Tip for Adultsand 25 mm for childrenProbe

*RECD Real-ear FP35 OperationGo to Audiogram Entry screenUse F2 to select the RECDUse F3 to set MeasurePress [START/STOP] to perform the real-ear measurementResults are displayed in numerical and graphical format. The RECD is automatically used in all relevant conversions.Probe

F2 Select RECDF3 Select Measure RECD

*Coupler Measurements with TargetsCoupler Target screen: Converts real-ear targets into coupler targets for comparison with coupler measurementsCoupler EarSim screen: Converts coupler measurements into simulated real-ear measurements for comparison with real-ear targetsTwo ways of looking at the same info

*Coupler Target ScreenCoupler measurementsConverted target

*Coupler EarSim ScreenSimulated real-ear measurementsReal-ear target

*Entering default settingsThe FP35 can memorise up to 3 default settings groupsTo enter your default settings choose MENU from the initial FONIX screen NEXT will advance to a second screen

*Default Settings ScreensF2: Change setting groupF5: Save setting group

*Choosing settings groupF1: Change setting groupThe settings group may be chosen at the initial screen

*Thank you for your time!Please email kris@frye.com should you require further information. Frye Electronics, 9826 SW Tigard St, Tigard, OR 97223, USA Tel: 503-620-2722 or 800-547-8209Special thanks to David Evans of Connevans, UK and Dr Carol Sammeth who contributed to this presentation

*Welcome to this presentation on the FP35 portable hearing aid analyzer! This presentation is part tutorial and part demonstration of the features of the FP35 analyzer. See www.frye.com for more specific step-by-step instructions on operation of the FP35 analyzer.**There are a number of optional accessories available as well, including:A hard but lightweight brief-case style or a soft-sided carrying case, a swing-arm speaker to give you more flexibility in heights and angles for real-ear measurements, insert earphones for RECD and audiometric measurements, a larger, non-portable external sound chamber for better sound isolation and hearing aid positioning, and a child-sized earhook if you do pediatric real ear measurements.

*Each FP35 comes with an automated test sequence. ANSI is the default sequence available. The European IEC, the Japanese JIS, and the Indian ISI standards are also available. You can also run individual frequency responses and distortion measurements in the Coupler Multicurve screen.

Three types of pure-tone sweeps are available on each FP35. NORMAL delivers a standard frequency sweep contain many different data points. FAST is a repeating shorter sweep that measures 16 different frequencies repeatedly. SHORT is a burst of 10 frequencies that are presented very quickly. It is normally used for checking real-ear SSPL.

The FP35 lets you set up to three different default configurations. This is particularly useful when switching between aids of different technology levels. Use one setup for testing analogs and another setup for testing digitals.*The Composite and Digital Speech signals are appropriate for testing digital hearing aids.*The front panel buttons on the left side include: print, help, reset, and operate (which is basically the on button), and on the bottom there are 5 function keys that are labeled [F1] through [F5]. *The buttons on the right side of the front panel are: menu, exit, back and next, 4 arrow keys, and a start/stop button.*Now lets review the key front-panel buttons:Menu as the name implies, enters or exits the menu relevant to the current screen you are in. All the menus in the FP-35 are pop-up menus that are overlaid on the screen. The next and back buttons are used to move between the main menu and more advanced menu options.The arrow keys, depending on the screen, can move the cursor through choices, or adjust frequency and level of the stimulus used during measurements.The start/stop button starts or stops a selected function such as a measurement.The exit button exits from the current screen, but also saves the data on that screen, while the reset button exits, but clears the data that were collected.*The operations that the 5 function keys control varies between screens but they are always labeled at the bottom. As an example, shown here is the opening screen of the FP-35, and the [F2] key selects the Real Ear measurement and Audiogram mode, while [F3] selects Coupler Multicurve and [F4] selects ANSI 96.*Repeated presses of function keys on some screens rotates through selections available, or you can hold the key down a few seconds to get a pop-up function key menu as shown here.Shown here is the Coupler Multicurve screen, where [F4] selects the source type for measurements. *As shown here, you can reach a relevant pop-up menu from any screen. This shows the main menu choices for the Coupler Multicurve mode. You can choose whether to display in gain or SPL., the numerical or curve data, and so on. *Some screens have additional, advanced menu choices chosen using the next and back buttons. Shown here is the 1st of 2 advanced menu choice screens in Multicurve mode. This allows more advanced functions like auto-scaling, filtering, etc.*Finally, a very useful feature of the FP35 is the pop-up help that is available for each screen to guide you through the steps you need to take in the displayed screen. For example, shown here are help steps for the Real Ear Audiogram Entry screen. It shows you what keys to press to begin a new client, enter an audiogram, generate a target, and etc.*The FP35 analyzer has a built-in sound chamber. Coupler measurements are usually performed using one microphone.*This slide shows the proper set-up needed in the sound chamber for testing a BTE hearing aid using the HA-2 coupler with BTE adapter. Velcro in the sound chamber and on the coupler assists in keeping the unit in place during measurement, once you have the hearing aid microphone centered over the loudspeaker in the sound chamber.*The set-up for an ITE or ITC is shown here. The unit is sealed with fun tak inside the HA-1 coupler. Be sure that all leaks are sealed or you will give excessive gain at 500 Hz due to turning it up to compensate for energy lost to this artificial venting.

*One of the main measurements typically done for quality control purposes is a standard ANSI S3.22 2003 test sequence. It is used to ensure that hearing aids you dispense acceptably match the manufacturers specs. If they dont, they should be returned to the manufacturer.*Pressing the menu button allows you to designate ear, for labeling printouts, and to make other selections such as noise reduction or turning off EIN, etc. Pressing the [F1] key from the main ANSI 03 screen cycles between choices for linear hearing aid, AGC hearing aid, and adaptive AGC hearing aid.As a reminder, you should level your sound chamber daily, or anytime you feel the room noise has changed enough to impact measurements.*Shown here is a sample of ANSI 03 results using an AGC hearing aid. You can see the maximum output (OSPL-90) curve, the frequency response curve, and along the right side all the numerical values are displayed, including:Average and max of the OSPL-90 curve, The full-on and reference test gains, Equivalent input noise, Frequency range information, and harmonic distortion.*ANSI 03 results for an AGC aid also can include multiple input/output curves, as shown here.The key in the box designates the frequency used for each.*The Coupler Multicurve Mode also comes standard with the FP35. You can use it with pure tones, composite noise, or the digital speech stimuli, and it measures and displays a family of up to 4 frequency response curves on the same screen.You will typically want to display the curves themselves but you can also show a data print-out of numerical values for a curve.Also, the FP35 allows you to measure and display both harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion.*The Coupler Multicurve screen is most commonly used for measuring frequency response curves. The source type is selected with the F4 key. Four types of pure-tone sweeps, the Composite, and the Digital Speech signals come standard with the FP35. Use the up-down arrow keys to adjust the source amplitude. To measure another curve, choose a new curve number with F2.

As shown here, in Coupler Multicurve Mode, [F2] selects the curve, [F3] turns the display of a curve off and on without deleting the measurement, and [F4] changes the source signal. Again, its very intuitive and straightforward once youve had a few moments to play around hands-on with the instrument.

*In the local menu, you can switch between dB Gain and dB SPL (all measurements are converted), change the display from graphical to numerical, and turn on the harmonic distortion measurement.*These curves were taken with the Composite signal at 50, 65, 75, and 90 dB SPL and reveal a great deal of compression across the entire frequency band.*These curves were taken at 50, 60, 70, and 80 dB SPL with the Digital Speech signal. Since curves 1-3 fall on top of each other, you can tell immediately that the aid is acting linearly between those levels.*The Composite signal in the Multicurve screen can be very useful in fully characterizing the output and processing of a hearing aid. However, there is a problem with using the composite signal with some digital signal processing hearing aids.Some DSP aids have noise reduction circuitry that reduces gain when the input signal is judged to be noise. The Composite signal, because it is continuous and non-modulating, is unfortunately seen by the circuitry as noise.Thus, gain is reduced in the hearing aid while the composite signal is on, and thus, the measurement is not accurate.*A solution for those DSP hearing aids is to use the digital speech signal. This switches the composite signal on and off intermittently in bursts. The on time can be set from 50 to 150 msec*, and the off time is randomly varied between 100 and 300 ms.Thus, the hearing aid responds as if the input is speech instead of noise, because the signal is modulated instead of continuous.Both ANSI and ICRA weightings are available with this stimulus too.*An example of the differences you might see in frequency response curves for a Widex Senso DSP hearing aid is shown here.You can see that both the ICRA or the ANSI spectra with the digital speech signal show higher gain than when using the composite signal - - because the NR function kicked in during the composite stimulus measurement. In this example, the ICRA Digital Speech signal produces more gain in the higher frequencies than ANSI because the signal contains less energy in the highs. The compression setup on the hearing aid turns up the gain more to compensate for the low output of the high frequencies. Not all hearing aids will react to the signal in this manner.The digital speech signals more accurately represent the gain that the hearing aid will supply for speech signals, while the composite noise actually represents the gain that the hearing aid would supply for a broadband noise after the NR circuitry has kicked in.The Digital Speech signal has recently been improved to make it a better test signal for hearing aids with noise suppression technology.*You can set DISTORTION in the local menu to 2ND, 3RD, or TOTAL. This will perform a harmonic distortion measurement during a pure-tone sweep. Harmonic distortion is represented by a series of bars under the frequency response. If the hearing aid has very low or no distortion, you may not see any bars at all.*The FP35 has a test for measuring frequency shifting hearing aids. This is a special input signal called DIG FS.*Use F4 to select DIG FS and test the hearing aid as usual (press START/STOP to start and stop the measurement). The dotted line represents the frequency and level of the input signal. The measurement curves gives the frequency response of the hearing aid to the signal from 200-8000 Hz. This allows you to see which frequency is being amplified by the frequency-shifting hearing aid.*The IM test presents two tones simultaneously. The frequency difference between the two tones is set by the user in the advanced menu. When the DISTORTION selection in the main local menu is set to 2ND, 3RD, or TOTAL, you can sweep these two tones across the frequency spectrum and get the IM distortion as a percentage of the total signal.*You can view the numerical data of the selected curve by toggling the DATA/GRAPH selection in the local menu.*The CIC coupler cannot be used to check the manufacturing specifications of a hearing aid, but it can be used for a more accurate coupler measurement of a CIC hearing aid. CIC Coupler and software corrections are used to create more accurate coupler measurements of CIC hearing aids.*The Open Fit coupler is used to produce a more realistic frequency response curve with easier coupling than can be obtained with a standard 2-cc coupler.*Many people also order the real-ear option, which lets you perform probe microphone measurements on their patients and see how the aid is responding inside the patients ear. The FP35 analyzer has the latest fitting formulas including NAL-NL1 (non-linear), DSL WDRC, DSL LIN, and NAL-RP (linear).

You can perform your real-ear measurements using the SPL or the insertion gain method. Any measurement taken in one screen is automatically translated to the other screens, so its easy to switch back and forth between the two views.

If desired, you can perform a real-ear-to-coupler difference on your patient. This creates coupler targets appropriate for your patients hearing loss and thus lets you fit the hearing aid using a coupler. This method is useful in pre-fitting before the patient comes into the office, and in fitting aids on infants and small children.*There are four real-ear screens. Press F2 from the Opening screen to enter one of them. By default, the Audiogram Entry screen is the first screen to appear. Use the [NEXT] and [BACK] keys to move between the other screens.*You can perform REM with either the built-in real-ear speaker or an external speaker on a floor stand or swing arm.*The Audiogram Entry screen is used to enter the patients audiogram and generate an appropriate target. You can also perform a measured RECD in this screen.*All of these are settable in the Target Menu from the Audiogram Entry screen, press [MENU] and then [BACK].*After entering the audiometric information for the patient, pressing [F3] generates the target gain for the selected formula.Pressing [F5] toggles the display between insertion gain target and the dB SPL aided target.Shown in this example is the insertion gain target. Below the box on the right side of the screen, you can see that this is for the left ear of an adult patient being fitted unilaterally with a single-channel AGC hearing aid with a compression threshold of 50 dB SPL, using the NAL-NL1 prescriptive approach.*Shown here, then, is the physical FP35 set-up for real ear measures.The internal sound chamber is converted to a sound field speaker, which is placed at ear height. You can also use another external speaker if portability is not important.It is recommended that you position the patients ear 12 inches from the loudspeaker at a 45-degree azimuth. You should always stand away from the patient and the loudspeaker during measurements, so that your own body doesnt act as a baffle. I prefer to stand behind the speaker.

*This illustrates proper placement of the microphones on the ear.The reference mic is attached to the integrated probe microphone and placed above the ear. The probe tube can be marked at 30 mm from the tip for adults, and about 25 mm for children depending on their size, so that insertion depth is adequate without causing pain by bumping the eardrum. Marking the tube with a red pen also serves as a means to make sure insertion of the hearing aid doesnt push the tube in farther. The probe tube should exit at the inter-tragal notch.

*Leveling the sound field speaker is imperative, for each patient and each ear, in order to obtain accurate measurements.Position the patient with the earhook and reference microphone in place. Note that insertion of the probe tube is optional at this point since because the probe microphone is not used in the leveling process.Stand away from the loudspeaker field, and select [F5] to activate the leveling signal.Success will be indicated by a straight line and the word level on the screen.*The Real-Ear SPL screen displays the patients threshold values, real-ear target, and uncomfortable levels all in one screen in dB SPL.Use F2 to select the curve to measure. Use F4 to select the source type. Use the up-down arrows to change the input level. Press START/STOP to start and stop the measurements.*In a typical hearing aid fitting, AIDED 1 is used at to make sure that soft sounds meet the patients threshold values. AIDED 2 is used to make sure medium speech meets the target. AIDED 3 is used to make sure that loud sounds are below the patients uncomfortable levels.*The Real-ear SPL screen can be used to perform Visible Speech measurements using live voice or a pre-recorded signal from an external source. If you have a supported FP35, you can connect a CD player or an iPod to produce the external source through the FP35 speaker. To perform Visible Speech, set the source type to COMP and use the down arrow key to set the source to OFF. Press START/STOP to start the measurement.*This is the setup for connecting the FP35 to an external source (supported FP35 only). The external source is connected to the Line in connector. When spectrum analysis is performed, the external source plays through the FP35 speaker. If your FP35 does not support this setup, you can use an external speaker connected a separate audio system.*Live Speech testing can be performed by setting the source type to COMP and using the down arrow key repeatedly to turn source amplitude all the way OFF. This puts the analyzer in spectrum analysis mode. The diamonds in this display indicate the peak-pulsed average values of the measured speech. The REF mic reading gives you the level of the input signal and can be used to calibrate an external input.*Third octave analysis has recently been added (v6.00) to the existing 100 Hz FFT analysis method. Third octave analysis produces SPL measurement curves with more output but less resolution. This creates the illusion of smoother curves because there is less data being graphed.*3rd Octave analysis produces measurement curves that are 3 dB per octave greater than 100 Hz FFT curves. However, this is a result of the measurement resolution, not the inherent energy in the hearing aid. As long as both measurement curves and target curves are consistent, it doesnt really matter which analysis method is used. But the third octave analysis is better if you are comparing test results with competing equipment that also uses 3rd octave analysis.*To explain why 3rd octave analysis produces higher output results, think of the difference between FFT analysis at every 100 Hz with FFT analysis at every 50 Hz. The 50 Hz analysis gives much better resolution, but less energy per point. This makes sense if you think of the sound energy as water filling up buckets. More buckets means less water (output) per bucket. Fewer buckets means less resolution but more water per bucket. 3rd octave analysis vs 100 Hz analysis is similar. There are only 17 points in 3rd octave analysis, but 79 point in 100 Hz FFT analysis. This gives 3rd octave analysis more energy per point, but less resolution so you cant see what is going on in the hearing aid response between the measurement points. *The Display setting is used to choose between 100 Hz FFT and 3rd Octave SPL analysis.*The operation of this screen is identical to the operation of the other measurement screens. The unaided and aided measurements are displayed in dB Gain (no targets are available in this screen). Up to three different aided measurements can be taken.*Use this screen to match the hearing aid to the insertion gain target. Use [NEXT] and [BACK] to easily switch between the Unaided & Aided screen and the Insertion Gain screen.*This aid shows more directional advantage in the high frequencies than in the low frequencies.*The RECD is the acoustical difference between the 2 cc coupler and the real-ear unaided response for an individual patient. There are 2 measurements needed to determine RECD. The first is the coupler measurement, which is actually already done when you calibrate the insert earphone to be used in the measurement. The values are then stored in the FP-35s permanent memory.The second is the patient measurement: For this, either a custom earmold or a foam eartip is coupled to the insert earphone and placed over the probe mic in the patients ear. This measurement is performed in the Audiogram Entry screen.

**Here is the result screen. The RECD is displayed in graphical format in dB gain as well as numerical format in the data table.The measured RECD values are used to obtain an accurate coupler target in the Coupler Target and Coupler Multicurve screens.

If you have previously measured the RECD, you can use the arrow keys in the screen to input the values manually.

*In this screen, the real-ear targets are converted into coupler targets and compared directly to coupler measurements. You can perform up to 4 different frequency responses in this screen. Results and targets can be displayed in dB Gain or dB SPL.*In this screen, the targets displayed are actually real-ear targets. Any coupler measurements you take are converted into simulated real-ear so that they can be compared directly to the displayed target. Targets and measurements can be shown in dB SPL or dB insertion gain.*If you press the menu button from the Opening screen, you can change the default settings menu to your most often used choices for many measurement parameters. Use F5 to save the displayed settings to a setting group. Use F2 to load that setting group. In addition to the two default screen displayed here, there is one more screen that, among other things, allows you to change the default source type.

Settings groups are useful if you have more than one clinician in an office and each likes to use the analyzer in different ways. They can also be used for different hearing aid technology levels. For instance. Setting #1 can be used for digital hearing aids, and sets the source type to digital speech. Setting #2 might be used for analog hearing aids and sets the source type to Composite.*You can also quick change to another user group by using the F1 key in the Opening screen.