Four Decades of Pavement Management: What We’ve Learned ... Theory was the standard for Rigid...

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1 Four Decades of Pavement Management: What We’ve Learned, Forgotten, or Never Knew By W. Ronald Hudson Professor Emeritus, University of Texas Senior Consultant

Transcript of Four Decades of Pavement Management: What We’ve Learned ... Theory was the standard for Rigid...

Page 1: Four Decades of Pavement Management: What We’ve Learned ... Theory was the standard for Rigid Pavement Design. 2. Subgrade and subbase pumping under heavy loads was a major problem

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Four Decades of Pavement Management: What We’ve Learned,

Forgotten, or Never Knew

By

W. Ronald HudsonProfessor Emeritus, University of Texas

Senior Consultant

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“Those that fail to learn from history, are doomed to repeat it.”

Winston Churchill

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• Yoder, E. J., and M. W. Witczak, Principles of Pavement Design, John Wiley and Sons, 1975.

• Haas, Ralph, W. R. Hudson, Pavement Management Systems. McGraw-Hill. 1978

• Haas, Ralph, W. R. Hudson, and J. P. Zaniewski, Modern Pavement Management, Krieger Publishing Company, Malibar, FL 1994.

• Hudson, W. R., R. Haas, and W. Uddin, Infrastructure Management Principles, McGraw-HiII, August 1997.

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Thic

knes

sSubgrade Strength

2 KIPS

10 KIPS

18 KIPS

CBR DESIGN CHART

Load

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Measured Value Such as Modulus

50% belowthe mean

50% abovethe mean

Mea

n

The area under the mean or under any specific value is Zero

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Road Test MD-1PCC Pavements 1950

WASHO Road TestAsphalt Pavements 1954-56

AASHO Road TestBoth Pavement Types 1958-61

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WHERE WERE WE BEFORE THE

AASHO ROAD TESTin 1956?

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1. CBR – Standard method of flexible pavement design (load, subgrade strength, total pavement thickness

2. WASHO Road Test (1954) suggested that thicker surface produced longer life

3. There was no accepted definition of pavement failure or performance

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4. The Interstate Highway Program was just beginning

5. Available computer power was not adequate for rapid calculation of layered stresses.

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1. PCA method based on modified Westergaard Theory was the standard for Rigid Pavement Design.

2. Subgrade and subbase pumping under heavy loads was a major problem

3. Corner cracking was a major failure mode

4. Using dowels for load transfer with dowels was not yet an accepted practice

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FACTORS LEARNED OR DEVELOPED AT THE AASHO ROAD TEST

Major Technical Findings of the AASHO Road Test

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AASHO Road Test Quantified the effect of pavement surface thickness carrying more load repetitions to failure.

• Greater Pavement Thickness Better Performance

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Load EquivalencyThe AASHO Road Test provided quantitative information about the relative damaging effect of heavy loads.

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PSI – Performance ConceptPrior to the AASHO Road Test there was NO definition of pavement failure. Accumulated traffic to a fixed level of PSI (Roughness) was defined as Performance

(Basis of PMS)

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Layer EquivalenciesFour types of base; gravel, cement stabilized, asphalt stabilized, and crushed stone were compared under load to define performance due to the quality of the base layer.

This is also a basis for Mechanistic Design

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Value of Subbase to Reduce Pumping

PCC sections with gravel subbase performed much better than those laid directly on the clay. No chance to prove the value of stabilized subbases or variation in subbase quality.

However, subbases did pump under very heavy loads. This debunked the PCA claim that adding a gravel subbase prevents pumping permanently.

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• Modeling Pavement Performance• Importance of Quality Data• Collect Complete Data Sets• Factorial Experiment Design and

Testing• Good Statistical Analysis of Data

New Concepts in Pavement Engineering after the Road

Test

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Led to very first AASHO Pavement

Design Guide - 1962

ROAD TEST

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Is a coordinated systematic process for carrying out all activities related to providing pavements

Pavement Management

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Performance

Inputs Models Response Distress

Safety

Traffic

Costs

Decision Criteria

Ordered Set of

ChoicesImplementation

Major Components of a Project Level Pavement Design System

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Components of PMS

Engineering ApplicationsResearch - Special Studies

PMS

DesignDATA

BASE

NETWORK LEVEL

Broader Management Concerns

Rehabilitation

ProgrammingPROJECT LEVEL

Planning

Budget

Construction

Maintenance

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Stay Tuned Please

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INPUTS• Traffic• Materials• Thickness

Models

Behavior Distress Performance

Costs

Safety

Traffic Counts & Weights

Condition Surveys

RoughnessPSI

Update Models•Test Pits

•Lab Tests

•Count•Weigh•Classification

•Rainfall•Temperature

RECORD• Construction• Maintenance

LONG-TERMDATABASE

&ANALYSIS

Deflection

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EDUCATIONPre 1970

Pavement Design CoursesGeneral Civil Engr.

Develop PMS:U of Tx Austin TX A&MMRD CorpU of Waterloo

FHWA Intensive 6 Week Course

UT AustinShort Courses and

Workshops 2 – 10 days

Haas & HudsonWrite Modern PMS

Text Books

More than 12 Universities develop PMS Courses

This Generation of Students Leads the Spread of PMS Worldwide

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AASHORoad Test

First AASHTOMEPDG

First PMSProject Level

SAMPFPSRPS

OPAC

SilverRiver Bridge

Collapse

NCHRPReport 300

BMS

MaintenanceManagement

Network LevelPMS

AZDOT, KSDOT, WSDOT

NationalPMS

FHWA50 States

Asset Management

Systems

Pavement Failures on IH

Research NCHRP 1-10Scrivner, TexasHaas, Canada

Determined that Good Design alone is not enough

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Pavement Research Funding

1987 – 2007 (approximate)

$190 Million – SHRP-LTPP 90%$10 Million MEPDG 5%$10 Million Data Collection,

Traffic, etc. 5%

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AMS Executive Level Information

PMS Data BMS Data MMS Data Capacity Safety

Within Each System Optimization & Action

AMS - Summarize, Synthesize, & Condense

FinancialEconomicCapacity

INTERACTION

ACTIONS(Feedback, Budget Allocation

Organization, Personnel)

Legislative Level

TARGETS

MobilitySecurity

User Satisfy

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Performance - Summarize, Synthesize, & Select

AMS Executive Level Information

PMS Data BMS Data MMS Data Traffic Safety

FinancialEconomicCapacity

•Procurement Type•Funding Type

• Federal Tolls• Bonds• Others

AMS DECISIONMAKING

AND ACTION

•Modal Interaction•Agency Goals & Objectives•Customer Needs

INTERACTION

MobilitySecurityUser satisfaction

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PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS

Private Groups- Toll Road Operators- Concessionaires

- Contractors, etc.

Agree to provide acceptable level of service for reasonable – fair prices

PUBLIC AGENCYAgrees to Contract

Both parties agree to a valid – accurate set of performance measures and a fair way to determine them.

PMS, BMS, MMS provide the required data and analysis

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Common BasisFor Agreement

and Continued Relations

COMMON DATAMaint. Costs

Valid, Verified Toll RatesProvide Adequate “Performance”

Valid Level of Serviceand Capacity

Pavement Condition DataBridge Condition dataTraffic and Load Data

Provided by Contract or DOT

PMS-BMS-MMS Provide the required data and analysis

PrivatePublic

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Apply Decision Criteria

Implementation

PerformanceIRI

Multiple Runs

C1 C2

C3

Apply Life Cycle Cost

Select Design

ForDesign

PSI

BehaviorStress – Strain

Deflection

DesignModels

(Equations)

InputsClimate

MaterialsAs-builts

TrafficLoads

DistressesCrack – Rut –Deformation

Rate of Distress

Progression

CalibrationCoefficientsC1, C2, C3Traffic

Models PredictedTrafficLoads

Calibration of MEPDG

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Combined Performance Analysis Data Base(Electronic Format)

Pavement Design Input

Other Materials Data

Common Location IdentificationProject Nr – Precise Mile point – DateProject Documents, Laboratory Tests

Other Materials InformationLayer Thickness, Designed & Actual

Other Construction DetailsQA/QC Records, Etc.

Common Location IdentificationProject Nr – Precise Mile point – Date

Climate, Actual Traffic dataAge of Original Pavement

Age of Last RehabType of Wearing Course

Performance & Distress Data, Etc.

PossibleSources(Electronic& other)VaryBy State

ElectronicMaterials &ConstructionData Base

ElectronicPMSData Base All data checked to ensure a

Common Location IdentificationEssential Materials Data

Essential Performance DataAdditional Testing DataAs Constructed Records

Traffic Loads, etc.

Note: Common link definition, valid location-identification information and free electronic data exchange among data elements are essential

PERFORMANCEANALYSIS FOR

VARIOUS DESIGNCONDITIONS, OR

FIELD PROPERTIES, FACTORS, etc

Enter Electronic Format as Needed

Combined Performance Analysis Data Base(Electronic Format)

Pavement Design Input

Other Materials Data

Common Location IdentificationProject Nr – Precise Mile point – DateProject Documents, Laboratory Tests

Other Materials InformationLayer Thickness, Designed & Actual

Other Construction DetailsQA/QC Records, Etc.

Common Location IdentificationProject Nr – Precise Mile point – Date

Climate, Actual Traffic dataAge of Original Pavement

Age of Last RehabType of Wearing Course

Performance & Distress Data, Etc.

PossibleSources(Electronic& other)VaryBy State

ElectronicMaterials &ConstructionData Base

ElectronicPMSData Base All data checked to ensure a

Common Location IdentificationEssential Materials Data

Essential Performance DataAdditional Testing DataAs Constructed Records

Traffic Loads, etc.

Note: Common link definition, valid location-identification information and free electronic data exchange among data elements are essential

PERFORMANCEANALYSIS FOR

VARIOUS DESIGNCONDITIONS, OR

FIELD PROPERTIES, FACTORS, etc

Enter Electronic Format as Needed

Pavement Design Input

Other Materials Data

Common Location IdentificationProject Nr – Precise Mile point – DateProject Documents, Laboratory Tests

Other Materials InformationLayer Thickness, Designed & Actual

Other Construction DetailsQA/QC Records, Etc.

Common Location IdentificationProject Nr – Precise Mile point – Date

Climate, Actual Traffic dataAge of Original Pavement

Age of Last RehabType of Wearing Course

Performance & Distress Data, Etc.

PossibleSources(Electronic& other)VaryBy State

ElectronicMaterials &ConstructionData Base

ElectronicPMSData Base All data checked to ensure a

Common Location IdentificationEssential Materials Data

Essential Performance DataAdditional Testing DataAs Constructed Records

Traffic Loads, etc.

Note: Common link definition, valid location-identification information and free electronic data exchange among data elements are essential

PERFORMANCEANALYSIS FOR

VARIOUS DESIGNCONDITIONS, OR

FIELD PROPERTIES, FACTORS, etc

Enter Electronic Format as Needed

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Don’t start vast projects

with half vast ideas

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Whatever you vividly Imagine, ardently Desire,

sincerely Believe, and enthusiastically Act upon…

must inevitably come to pass

- Paul J. Meyer


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