Founders. Auguste Comte and Positivism 1798-1857 Recognized as father of sociology Coined the Term...
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Transcript of Founders. Auguste Comte and Positivism 1798-1857 Recognized as father of sociology Coined the Term...
![Page 1: Founders. Auguste Comte and Positivism 1798-1857 Recognized as father of sociology Coined the Term “Sociology” Believed social behavior had to be.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649cf85503460f949c8a16/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Founders
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Auguste Comte and Auguste Comte and PositivismPositivism
1798-1857
Recognized as father of sociology Coined the Term “Sociology”
Believed social behavior had to be studied scientifically.
Positivism: using scientific observation in the study of social behavior. Applying the Scientific Method to
Social World
“Armchair Philosophy” (drawing conclusions from
informal observations of social life)
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Compared society to the body- like a body, society is composed of many parts working together to promote its well-being and survival.
Coined Phrase “Survival of the Fittest”
Opposed social reform and believed in the lower and higher forms of society.
Interfering is harmful to society.
Herbert Spencer—Social DarwinismHerbert Spencer—Social Darwinism
1820-1903
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Believed that the Engine of Human History is Class Conflict A clash between the
bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
Resulting in classless society.
Karl Marx and Class ConflictKarl Marx and Class Conflict
1818-1883
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Believed that society exist because of a broad agreement among members of society.
As a result members of society are dependent on one another.
Studied how social forces affect behavior
Identified “Social Integration”—Degree to Which People are Tied to Social Group
Studied suicide rates believed they very depending on group characteristics.
Durkheim and Social IntegrationDurkheim and Social Integration
1858-1917
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Religion is Central Force in Social Change
Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism
Research - Weber believed the following:
Sociology Should be Value-Free (personal beliefs should not affect research)
Sociology Should be Objective (neutral, not bias)
Should put yourself in the shoes of others.
Max Weber and the Protestant EthicMax Weber and the Protestant Ethic
1864-1920
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Sexism in Early Sexism in Early SociologySociology
Attitudes of the Time 1800s Sex Roles Rigidly
Defined Few People Educated
Beyond Basics
Harriet Martineau Published Society in
America Before Durkheim and Weber Were Born
Her work was Ignored
Harriet MartineauHarriet Martineau
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Jane Addams and Social Reform
Worked for the 8 hour work day
and laws against child labor.
W. E. B. Du Bois and Race
Relations
Used science and sociology to
disprove racist assumptions about
African Americans.
Was largely ignored, until
recently.
Sociology in North AmericaSociology in North America