Foundations of storytelling1c
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FOUNDATIONS OF STORYTELLING
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FOUNDATIONS OF STORYTELLING
Transcript of Foundations of storytelling1c
FOUNDATIONSOF
STORYTELLING
What is STORYTELLING?
Every life is a story…Everyone’s life is composed of a series of stories.Each of these stories is a threadin the tapestry of the human story.
A story is simply telling something to someone using….
• IMAGES
• SOUND
When Did Storytelling Begin?
PREHISTORY
150,000 years ago
PRESENT
2000BC
Invention of Writing “Historic Times
Storytelling took the form ofwhat we call the
ORAL TRADITION
PREHISTORY
150,000 years ago
PRESENT
2000BC
Invention of Writing “Historic Times
Which do you think people used first to tell stories?
IMAGES or SOUNDS
The Rock Art of Southern France
LANGUAGE
• All animals communicate in some way.
• We don’t know exactly when the spoken word emerged.
• But linguists say at least 6,000 different spoken languages have been used by humans.
Before the invention of writing, oral storytelling depended on….
MNEMONIC devices.
What is a Mnemonic device?
What is a Mnemonic device?
Mnemonic comes from a Greek word
meaning memory…and a Mnemonic device is anything that aids in memory.
i.e. IMAGES, NUMBERS AND RHYME (POETRY)
From the earliest times, image and sound were combined to produce
storytelling DEVICES:
• LANGUAGE and the SPOKEN WORD• DANCE• MUSIC• THEATRE• CEREMONY
THE MEDIA OF STORYTELLING
Within every story there is a:
• BEGINNING
• MIDDLE
• END
THE 5 “W” QUESTIONSof a STORY
• WHO
• WHAT
• WHERE
• WHEN
• WHY
ELEMENTS OF A STORY
• SETTING
• PLOT
• CHARACTER
• THEME or AUTHOR’S PURPOSE
Why Do People Tell Stories?
• INFORM
• EDUCATE
• ENTERTAIN
• ENGAGE EMOTIONS
• PRESERVE MEMORY
• SOCIALIZE & FOSTER COMMUNITY
• HELP UNDERSTAND
PART II
PREHISTORY
PRESENT
BEGINNING OF STORYTELLING
IMAGES: CAVE PAINTINGS
Cave Paintings and Rock Art emerged about 30,000 – 40,000 years agoLascaux, France Cave Arthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV0xrbvVAQw&feature=related
IMAGES: CAVE PAINTINGS
Cave Paintings and Rock Artemerged about 30,000 – 40,000 years ago.
PetroglyphsAre a form ofProto-Writing
Aboriginal Rock ArtArt becomes more than just art…
STORIES BECOMEMORE THAN JUST STORIES
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSHKqX8_pqU&feature=related
The POWER of SYMBOLS
NIKE LOGOA logo is a symbol and a
valuable intellectual property.
WRITING
PREHISTORIC
HISTORIC
INVENTION OF WRITING
WRITING
PHOENECIAN ALPHABETis considered the basis of the Aramaic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin…and from Latin comes English.
These are phonetic alphabets meaning the symbols relate to a sound which are then formed into words. These are phonetic alphabets meaning the symbols relate to a sound which
are then formed into words.
PART III
What inspired the invention of writing?
• A desire to PRESERVE MEMORY
2000
BC
PRESENT
4,000 YEARS
wRITING
800
BC
HOMERIliad
TrojanWar
Prehistory
2000
BC
PRESENT
4,000 YEARS
wRITING
800
BC
HOMERIliad
TrojanWar
Prehistory
7 BASIC PLOT LINES
1. [wo] man vs. nature
2. [wo] man vs. man
3. [wo] man vs. the environment
4. [wo] man vs. machines/technology
5. [wo] man vs. the supernatural
6. [wo] man vs. self
7. [wo] man vs. god/religion
STORY ARCHETYPES
• An ARCHETYPE is collectively inherited
ideas and patterns of thought that appear
universally throughout different cultures.
• An ARCHETYPE is a shared view of the
World and of the human story.
12 Elements of the Hero’s Journeyas stated by Joseph Campbell
1. Ordinary World2. Call to adventure3. Refusal of the call4. Meeting the mentor5. Crossing the first threshold6. Tests, allies & enemies7. Approach to the inner cave8. Supreme ordeal9. Seizing sword10. The road back11. Resurrection12. Return with the prize
Ancient Theatre
Began as ceremony
Incorporated themes, stories and archetypes from pre-historic times.
STORYTELLER BECOMES THE PLAYWRIGHT
ThespisSophoclesEuripides
GENRES:
DRAMA
COMEDY
2000
BC
PRESENT
105
AD
Illustrated Manuscripts
wRITING
800
BC
HOMER
PAPER
Books with images and words were hand made.
What is a BARD?
• “Bard” is a Gaelic/Scottish/Celtic word meaning to “raise one’s voice in praise”.
• A Bard was a professional and often itinerant poet and storyteller.
• Bards were first employed to compose and then sing or tell stories of their patrons or the family of their patrons.
The first and most famous “English”Storyteller or Bard was named Taliesin.
He lived in the 6th century AD…about thetime of the legendary King Arthur.
A manuscript has been found that may bewritten by him and therefore called“The Book of Taliesin”
Across your Europe,“Bards” were called“Troubadours”
“Troubadours” told andStories of chivalry andcourtly love.
PART III
MARSHALL McCLUHAN
INNOVATIONS IN STORYTELLING
• STATEMENT:
– Storytelling necessarily changes as new innovations and technology are applied to the art of telling a story.
That does not mean that the storyteller’s craft or the writer’s art changes.
WHAT DOES NOT CHANGE?
WHAT DOES NOT CHANGE?
Story Elements
• SETTING
• PLOT
• CHARACTER
• THEME/ARTIST’S PURPOSE
BEGINNING MIDDLEEND
7 BASIC PLOT LINES
1. [wo] man vs. nature
2. [wo] man vs. man
3. [wo] man vs. the environment
4. [wo] man vs. machines/technology
5. [wo] man vs. the supernatural
6. [wo] man vs. self
7. [wo] man vs. god/religion
WRITING
PREHISTORIC
HISTORIC
INVENTION OF WRITING
WRITING
PHOENECIAN ALPHABETis considered the basis of the Aramaic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin…and from Latin comes English.
These are phonetic alphabets meaning the symbols relate to a sound which are then formed into words. These are phonetic alphabets meaning the symbols relate to a sound which
are then formed into words.
MARSHALL McCLUHAN
Canadian born philosopher, scholar,Literature professor and communicationstheorist. McLuhan's work is considered fundamental to media theory, as it relates to “new media”.
MARSHALL McCLUHAN
McChluhan is best known for predicting or foreseeing the internet and for a couple phrases….
“GLOBAL VILLAGE”
“THE MEDIUM IS THE MESSAGE”
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What does it mean:
“THE MEDIUM IS THE MESSAGE”
MASS MEDIA
2000
BC
PRESENT
105
AD
Illustrated Manuscripts
wRITING
800
BC
HOMER
PAPER
Books with images and words were hand made.
Across your Europe,“Bards” were called“Troubadours”
“Troubadours” told andStories of chivalry andcourtly love.
FolktalesA folk tale is a traditional narrative story usually handed down by word of mouth ….the Oral Tradition.
Among the first to collect and write down these tales were the GermanGrimm Brothers…Jacob & Wilhelm.
SHORT STORIES
Geoffrey Chaucer
“Canterbury Tales”
PRESENT
AGE OF MASS MEDIA
PRINTING
PRESS
1st Mass Media Technology
1450
AD
Gutenberg Press
Thousands of pages a day could be printed.
Hundreds of thousands of copies of best selling books could be printed.
Movable Type
Johannes Gutenberg
GUTENBERG PRESS
NOVEL = NOVELA (Italian)
“Something New”• LONG NARRATIVE of LITERARY PROSE
• ORIGINS
Origins:• Medieval & Early Modern Romance….The stories of chivalry and courtly love told by the troubadours.
The novel depended entirely on the availability of printed books.
The NOVEL is the first storytelling medium of the Age of Mass Media.
One of the earliest novels….“Don Quixote” 1605
Miquel de Cervantes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24gDcvp9Agw&feature=related
“ROBINSON CRUSOE”
…was one of the earliestEnglish Language novels.
Daniel Defoe
1719
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzIy_07orQw&feature=related
QUESTION:
HOW DOES A NOVEL APPROACH THE ELEMENTS OF A STORY DIFFERENTLY FROM A STORY TOLD BY MEANS OF ORAL TRADITION?
