Foundations of Physical Science
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Transcript of Foundations of Physical Science
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Foundations of Physical ScienceWorkshop: The Loop Track
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The Loop TrackCPO Science
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Key QuestionsWhy does a roller coaster stay on the track when it is upside down on a loop?
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Roller Coasterswww.rcdb.com
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The CPO Loop Track
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Investigate Motion of Marble Drop the marble from different
heights and observe whether or not it successfully completes the loop.
Where on the track is the lowest point the marble can be released from and makes it all the way around SUCCESSFULLY?
What is the criteria for judging whether or not the marble stays on the track?
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Release Height and Success In your own words describe
the relationship between the marble making it all the way around the loop and release height
Can you propose an explanation for the relationship?
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How fast does the marble need to be
moving?Drop the marble from the lowest point on the track that still makes it all the way around the loop SUCCESSFULLY
Measure the speed of the marble at the top of the loop
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Investigate Motion of Marble How would you calculate the
speed?
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CPO Timer or Data Collector Setup
Photogates
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Collect Data Use the CPO Timer or Data
Collector with a photogate to see how long it takes the marble to break the light beam at the top of the loop
Calculate the minimum speed required to make it all the way around the loop
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Does MASS make a difference?
State your hypothesis
Propose and perform an experiment to test your hypothesis
Compare the speeds of the plastic and the steel marble
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Movement Around the Loop The force that causes an object to move
in a circle is called a centripetal force
Any type of physical force can be a centripetal force if it results in circular motion
The centripetal force is always directed toward the center of the circle that the object’s motion follows
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Centripetal Force
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Consider Three CasesCase number 1: If the weight is
greater than the required centripetal force, the ball moves in a tighter circle. The tighter circle takes the ball off the track and it does not catch cleanly.
Case number 2: If the weight is exactly equal to the required centripetal force, the ball follows the track perfectly and catches cleanly in the catcher.
Case number 3: If the weight is less than the required centripetal force, the ball would move in a larger circle than the track if it could. Instead, the track restrains the ball by exerting a normal force back on the ball, forcing it to follow the circle of the track tightly and the ball catches cleanly in the catcher.
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What determines if the marble makes it
around?The weight must be less than or equal to the centripetal force required to make the ball go all the way around
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Using the Formula Challenge – Calculate the minimum speed required for the marble to stay on the track
What happens to mass (m) in the equation?
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Mass Step 1- Divide both
sides of the equation by the mass
Mass does not seem to be important
Does this match our observations?
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Radius Step 2- Multiply
both sides of the equation by the radius
Take the square root of both sides
The velocity depends on the radius
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Using the Formula…Again
The radius of the loop is 10 cm, or .1 meters.
Use 9.8 m/sec2
for g
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Compare Calculations
With Observation How does this speed compare to what you
observed about the minimum speed required?
What is the % error of your observed minimum and our calculated minimum speed?
What could account for this difference?
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Clothoid Loop What is different about this shape?
How would this affect the Centripetal force of the coaster? (Hint-think about the radius of the loop)
Why would this be useful?