Foundations of Organization Development

8/8/2019 Foundations of Organization Development

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Theories of Planned Change

y Kurt Lewins Organizational change theories

y Resultant Theory

y Three stageModel Theory

y Burke Lit win's model of Organization change

y First Order Change and Second Order Change

y Porras and Robertsons model of Organizational Change

y Based on work setting



Resultant Theory

The current state of things at any point is the result of opposing forces.

y Method Used : Force Field Analysis



Models and Theories of the Planned Change



Three Stage Model theory

Unfreezing Creating readiness

y Lack of confirmation

y Creation of guilt

y Psychological Safety

Changing - viewing things differently

y Identifying a new mentor or new role.

y Scanning environment for data

R efreezing Integrating with the new scenarioy The new personality

y New Relationships



BurkeLitwin Model of Change

y First Order Change

y happens when some features of the organization change

y Leads to:

y transactional change

y Organizational climate

y Second Order Change

y happens when the organization undergoes certain fundamentalchanges.

y Leads to:

y transformational change

y Change in organizational culture



Transactional Factors



Transformational Factors



Burke Litwin Model



Burke Litwin Model Contd

y There are two distinct sets of organizational dynamics.

y Transactional leaders contribute to normal performance by guidingand motivating the employees towards the goals.

y

Transformational leaders are capable of having a profound andextraordinary effect on the employees.



Systems Theory

y System is an arrangement of interrelated parts- Hanna.

y Systems operate through the input-throughput- output mechanism.

y Inputs - money, people, raw materials, information etc

y Through put

conversion or transformation

y Output - final product/service



System in Interaction



Congruence among system elements.

Input factorsy Environmenty Resources

y History Organizational Elementsy Strategy y Worky People

y Formal and Informal Organization Output Factorsy Systemy Unity Individual



Congruence among System Elements



Benefits of System Theory

1. Effective Problem Solving

2. Effective leadership

3. Effective Communication

4. Effective Planning

5. Effective Organizational development

6. Avoiding founder's syndrome.



Participation and Empowerment

Challenge the processy opportunity searchy Risk and Experiments

y Inspired Visiony Envision the past, present and future

y Enablingy Foster collaborationy Strengthen others

y Modeling the way y

Set exampley Plan small wins

Encourage the hearty Recognition of the individualy Celebrate accomplishments.



Empowerment contd

Concept of open Book Management

Understanding the company's financials.

Self motivated employees

A direct stake in the business



Parallel Learning Structure

A supplementing structure coexisting with the usual.

Features are:

1. A created structure

2. Operates in parallel

3. Questions the constraints

4.E

ngages inquiry, initiation and experimentation5. Ensures Organization effectiveness



Normative-Re educative Strategy

Change can be brought about by 3 kinds of strategies.

1. Empirical and Rational Strategies

2. Normative and Re educative Strategy

3. Power-Coercive Strategy

OD Practioners propose the normative and educative strategy forOrganization Development



Applied Behavioral Science

y Applied Behavioral Science is a combination of Research , Theory andScience .

y Includes basic understanding of theory, practice, principles andconcepts. ( Diagnosis)

y Includes techniques, strategies, models, process and paradoxes.

( Treatment)

y Illustrates awareness, observation and interpretation.



Thank you

Foundations of Organization Development

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