Foundations of Education: Biological-Psychological Foundations of Education [The Learning Process &...
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Biological-Psychological
Foundations of Education
Biological-Psychological
Foundations of Education
Foundations of Education
The Learning Process & Theories of
Learning
The Learning Process & Theories of
LearningROY SAPICO CAPANGPANGAN
Presenter ROY SAPICO CAPANGPANGAN
Presenter
How do people come to behave in the way they do?
What is learning?
Learning is any change in a person
or his behavior.
Burton
Learning is modification of inherited
responses and the acquisition of new
experiences.
Freeman
Learning is the modification of the reaction of the organism
through experience.
Covin
Learning is any change that may take
place in one through the influence of the outside world,
whether the influence be persons or things, good or bad.
Thomas
Outcomes of Learning
Knowledge and Information
Outcomes of Learning
Outcomes of Learning
Habits and Skills
Outcomes of Learning
Outcomes of Learning
Attitudes and Appreciation
Outcomes of Learning
Outcomes of Learning
Theories of Learning
Connectionism Theory(Thorndike)
Theories of LearningTheories of Learning
Connectionism Theory
association is established between stimulus and response. Practice strengthens the association between the stimulus and response.
Theories of Learning
Connectionism TheoryThe connection between
stimulus and response is strengthened by reward of satisfaction.
Theories of Learning
Classical or Respondent Conditioning(Ivan Pavlov)
Theories of LearningTheories of Learning
Classical or Respondent Conditioning
the association between a conditioned stimulus and a response is strengthened by repeated presentation with the unconditional stimulus.
Theories of Learning
Instrumental or Operant Conditioning
Theories of LearningTheories of Learning
Instrumental or Operant Conditioning
the stimulus-response pattern is strengthened by immediately following the response with the reinforcing stimulus.
Theories of Learning
Factors Affecting Learning
Motivation the stimulus-response
pattern is strengthened by immediately following the response with the reinforcing stimulus.
Factors Affecting Learning
Reinforcementmay be made through the use of audio-visual aids, review, drills and other means.
Factors Affecting Learning
Extinctionlet something die out or be forgotten by disuse.
Factors Affecting Learning
Associationmeans the more connections are made with a subject, the better it will be learned and retained.
Factors Affecting Learning
Interest facilitates learning and be its own motivation. (interesting lesson)
Factors Affecting Learning
Reward or Punishmentshould be given immediately.
Factors Affecting Learning
Recency means that learning should be made recent in the minds of learners so that they will not forget what they have learned. (frequent review)
Factors Affecting Learning
Laws of Learning consists of the Law of Readiness (learning
is facilitated when the subject is ready for it mentally, physically, emotionally and socially), Law of Exercise (frequent repetition will make the lesson better mastered) and Law of Effect (what is learned under satisfying circumstances will be learned faster and retained longer).
Factors Affecting Learning
Kinds of Learning
Direct Experience
learns through a direct contact with the stimulus.
Kinds of LearningAccording to Pillsbury
Indirect Experience
uses mode, tools/ instruments in order to learn something.
Kinds of LearningAccording to Pillsbury
Congenital
present at birth such as reflex actions.
Kinds of LearningAccording to Burnham
Temporary
learns (needed) in a short while and conveniently forgotten.
Kinds of LearningAccording to Burnham
Permanent
those that will be utilized throughout life.
Kinds of LearningAccording to Burnham
Sensory Learning
learns through the sense of touch. (Braille reading)
Kinds of LearningAccording to Ruch
Verbal Learning
Memorizing poem.
Kinds of LearningAccording to Ruch
Motor Learning
Typing or swimming
Kinds of LearningAccording to Ruch
Ideational Learning
Planning the plot of the story.
Kinds of LearningAccording to Ruch
Attitudinal Learning
Teaching good manners.
Kinds of LearningAccording to Ruch
Management of Learning
Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.
Have a fixed place and time for study.
Management of Learning
Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.
Remove distractions
Management of Learning
Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.
Concentrate
Management of Learning
Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.
Read the assignment
Management of Learning
Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.
Make use of study tools like the dictionary.
Management of Learning
Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.
Space your learning of different subjects so as to avoid inhibition.
Management of Learning
Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.
Review
Management of Learning
Implications for Education
People learn in different ways. Teachers should, therefore, use different strategies in teaching.
Management of Learning
Parents and teachers should help children develop good study habits, by supervision.
Management of Learning
Since learning is habit formation, there should be no exception to following the rules of good study habits.
Management of Learning
Drill often on those things that should be automatized or those that will be needed throughout life.
Management of Learning
The learning of any fact or information will be easier the more it is associated with other things. Recall will also be easier.
Management of Learning
Frequent review will prevent forgetting.
Management of Learning
Youth is the time for study.
Management of Learning
Maturity is the time for production.
Management of Learning
Thank you
End of Report