Foundations of American Government Unit 1 Test Wednesday, October 16, 2013.
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Transcript of Foundations of American Government Unit 1 Test Wednesday, October 16, 2013.
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Foundations of American
GovernmentUnit 1 Test
Wednesday, October 16, 2013
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3/5 Compromise
One of the major conflicts between northern and southern states in the
writing of the new Constitution centered on how to count slaves in
the census.
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Alien Residency
An alien must live in the United States for at least
5 years before being eligible to apply for
citizenship
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Anti-Federalists
Group that believed that a Bill of Rights should be added to the Constitution
before ratification
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Authority
• A legitimate use of power• Example: A security
guard who asks to see someone’s pass
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Authoritarian Government
One person or a small group is in charge and holds unlimited power
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Autocracy
This type of government consists of a single, self-
appointed ruler who holds political control over an entire country
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Benefits of Volunteering
• Making friends• Learning teamwork• Improving leadership
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Civic Engagement
Stacey is very upset about the way the street in front of her school is
always full of litter. Which would be the best, most civically responsible way to address the issue?
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Civic Responsibilities• Paying Taxes• Obeying the Law• Voting• Serving on a Jury• Staying informed on
public issues
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Civil DisobedienceThe refusal to obey certain
laws or governmental demands for the purpose of
influencing legislation or government policy,
characterized by the employment of such
nonviolent techniques as boycotting, picketing, and
nonpayment of taxes.
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Civil DisobedienceExamples:•The secession of South Carolina preceding the Civil War•Martin Luther King, Jr. during the civil rights movement of the 1960s•Tree-huggers movement of the late 1980s early 1990s to save the spotted owl
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Common Sense
Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine, it pointed
out the absurdity of continued loyalty to King
George III
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Confederacy
A loose union of independent states
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Constitution
A written plan for government
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Democracy
Any system of government in which rule
is by the people
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Democratic Government
• Elected officials make the decisions for the nation• Power of the
government is limited
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Dual Citizens
People who are citizens of two countries
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Fascism
Aspects of:•Dictatorship•Militarism•Cooperation between corporations and the government•Glorification of violence and war to achieve national goals
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Federal Government
A government in which powers are divided between a national
government and state governments with the national government
being supreme
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Federalist Papers• Written to encourage
the ratification of the U.S. Constitution• Written by James
Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay
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Federalists
Those who supported adoption of the
Constitution
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Functions of Government
• Keeping the population in order• Providing services for its
citizens• Providing security for
the people
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James Madison
• The person most known for contributing to the final form of the Constitution• A.k.a. The father of the
Constitution
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Legitimacy
Popular acceptance of governing law
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Limited Government
A type of government in which its functions and powers are prescribed and restricted by law
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Magna Carta
Adopted in England in 1215 and used along with the English Bill of Rights (1689), they reinforced the concept of a limited
monarchy
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Mayflower Compact
Colonial plan for self-rule signed in 1620 by the
Pilgrims
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Monarchy
King, Queen, or Emperor rules by themselves
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Montesquieu
Credited with devising the basic Constitutional principle of separation
and balance of governmental power
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National Supremacy
Principle illustrated by the fact that the U.S.
Constitution
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Naturalized Citizens
Aliens who become U.S. citizens through the
naturalization process have the right to vote in
public elections
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Oligarchy
Any system of government in which a
small group holds power
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P.A.C.s
Political Action Committees – kinds of organizations that can legally solicit campaign
contributions from individuals and then
funnel those donations to candidates for political
office
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Parliamentary• No clear separation of
governmental powers• Head of government is
usually a Prime Minister• Head of State is often a King
or Queen• Ex. United Kingdom,
Belgium, Australia
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Parliamentary Democracy
A form of government in which:• The political leader (Prime Minister)
of the nation is chosen by the party with the majority of members in the legislature.
• There is no distinct separation between the powers of the legislative branch and the executive branch
• Ex. Canada, Great Britain, Israel, Turkey
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Power
The ability to influence people to do things
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Preamble
The statement of goals at the beginning of the
Constitution
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Representative Democracy
The United States falls in this category because the people elect government officials to speak for them
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Representative Democracy and
Constitutional MonarchyThese are similar due to
the fact that in both forms the power of the government is limited
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Republic• Voters hold sovereign
power• Elected representatives,
responsible to the people, exercise that power• Ex. United States because
Americans elect people to make the laws of the country
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Separation of Powers
A government by which the legislative, judicial,
and executive powers are essentially held by
different groups and people
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Social Compact
An actual or hypothetical agreement among the
members of an organized society or between a
community and its ruler that defines and limits the rights and duties of
each
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Social Contract Theory
Principle illustrated by the following quote from the
Declaration of Independence: “that
governments are instituted among Men, deriving their
just powers from the consent of the governed”
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Sovereignty
Ultimate power over a geographic area
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Sovereignty
Supreme and absolute authority
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Supreme Law of the Land
The United States Constitution
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Theocracy
Rulers claim to be ruling on behalf of a set of religious ideas or as
direct agents of a religion
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Thomas Jefferson
Wrote the original draft of the Declaration of
Independence
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Voting
The most common form of political participation in
the United States
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