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United States History

Unit 1 Identifications (IDs): Foundations of the United States

For each of the following write one sentence that definesthe term, followed by one or two

sentences thatEXPLAINS THE SIGNIFICANCE

of each term (why it is important in context of theunit.) Please take note of the different due dates for each set of IDs! All sets will be submitted

through Turn It In.

DUE via Turn It In.com: THURSDAY SEPT. 4__

1. Columbian ExchangeThe widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human

populations, communicable diseases, technology, and ideasbetween the American andAfro-Eurasian hemispheres.

2. PuritanA group of English protestants in the 16th

and 17th

centuries. Puritanism was

founded by some Marian exiles.

3. mercantilismIt was the economic counterpart of absolutism. It includes an economic

policy aimed at accumulating monetary reserves through a positive balance of trade.4. JamestownThe first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was established

by the Virginia Company of London as James Fort and considered permanent after a

brief abandonment in 1610.

5.

joint-stock companyA business entity where different stakes can be bought and

owned by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion. This

allows for unequal ownership of a business and shareholders are able to transfer their

shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company.

6. QuakerMembers of a family of religious movements known as the Religious Society of

Friends. The central unifying doctrine of these movements is the priesthood of all

believers.7. Middle PassageThe stage of the triangular trade where millions of people from Africa

were shipped to the New World as a part of the Atlantic Slave Trade.

8.

EnlightenmentA cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in the late 17th

-century

in Europe, emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. Purpose was to

reform society using reason and to challenge tradition and faith and to advance

knowledge through the scientific method.

9. Great AwakeningSeveral periods of religious revival in American religious history.

There was a total of four Great Awakenings.

10.Stamp ActA direct tax by the British Parliament specifically on the colonies of British

America, and it required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on

stamped paper produced in London to carry a revenue stamp.

11.Sugar ActA revenue-raising act passed by the Parliament of Great Britain on April 5,

1764.

12.Boston Tea PartyA political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston on December 16,

1773. They threw chests of tea into the Boston Harbor. The British retaliated and it led

to the American Revolution.

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13.Declaration of IndependenceA statement adopted by the Continental Congress on

July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves

as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer part of the British

Empire. They formed a new nation know as the United States of America.

14.LoyalistAmerican colonists who remained loyal to the British Empire and the British

Monarchy during the American Revolution. They were often called Tories, Royalists, orKings Men.

15.PatriotColonists who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution

and declared the United States of America an independent nation.

16.Treaty of ParisEnded the American Revolution between Great Britain and the United

States. Made Britain officially recognize America as a country.

17.Christopher ColumbusItalian explorer who tried to sail to Asia, but discovered the

Americas instead.

18.John SmithEnglish soldier, explorer, and author. Made maps that were very helpful

during European exploration.

19.Benjamin FranklinOne of the founding fathers of America and the First American.

20.King George IIIKing of Great Britain and King of Ireland. His reign was marked by a

series of military conflicts involving much of Europe and Asia.

21.Pueblo, Pontiac, Navajo, CherokeeIndian tribes that caused problems with the

colonists and rebelled often. They resisted slavery and expansion of European colonies.

22.Thomas JeffersonThe third President of the United States. He was the chief drafter of

the Declaration of Independence, made the Louisiana Purchase and sent out the Lewis

and Clark Expedition to explore it. He was one of the Founding Fathers of the United

States.

23.James MadisonThe fourth President of the United States. He was a member of the

Continental Congress and reporter at the Constitutional Convention. He helped frame

the Bill of Rights.24.Alexander HamiltonHe was a United States statesman and leader of the Federalists.

He was the first Secretary of the Treasury and he established a federal bank.