Fossils. The earliest clues about life on earth are about 3.5 billion years old!!!!
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Transcript of Fossils. The earliest clues about life on earth are about 3.5 billion years old!!!!
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FossilsFossils
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•The earliest clues about life on earth are about
•3.5 billion years old!!!!
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What are FossilsWhat are Fossils
• The remains of organisms that lived a long time ago– Shells– Bones and Teeth– Fossils of Footprints– Leaves and Seeds– Tree Trunks and Branches– Animal Dropings
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Where are Fossils FoundWhere are Fossils Found
• In layers of sedimentary rock
• The oldest fossils are found in the bottom layers
• The youngest fossils are found in the top layers
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How are Fossils Formed?How are Fossils Formed?
• An animal dies and is covered by sediment
• (dirt, sand, etc.)
• The sediments build up until the body is buried.
• These layers become rock.
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Continued….Continued….
• Minerals replace the bones and hard parts of the
• animal.
• These minerals form the fossil.
• Sometimes the animal decays, leaving an impression of its body.
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PaleontologistPaleontologist
•a scientist who studies fossils.
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Platystrophia PonderosaPlatystrophia Ponderosa
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BrachiopodeBrachiopode
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Mesolimulus WalchiMesolimulus Walchi
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Eurypholis boissieri Eurypholis boissieri
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How old are fossils?How old are fossils?
(How can we tell?)(How can we tell?)
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Dasornis londinensisDasornis londinensis
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Tyrannosaurus Rex Tyrannosaurus Rex
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How old are fossils?How old are fossils?
• Relative dating: figure out the age of a fossil found in one layer of rock by comparing it to rock in other layers.
• Based on the law of superposition – younger layers of rock are deposited on top of older layers
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How old are fossils?How old are fossils?
• Radiometric dating: uses the decay of radioactive isotopes to measure the age of rocks
• Uranium-238 used to date rock millions of years old.
• Carbon-14 used to date organic substances like bones and tissues that are thousands of years old. Ex: mummies
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Which type of dating is Which type of dating is more accurate?more accurate?
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Radiometric datingRadiometric dating
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GEOLOGIC TIME SCALEGEOLOGIC TIME SCALE
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• Describes the major geological and biological events in Earth’s history (Fig 14.5 p. 397)
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Divided into Divided into eraseras which are then which are then divided into divided into periodsperiods..
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Cambrian explosion:Cambrian explosion: rapid branching out of rapid branching out of
most most animal groups animal groups
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• Throughout the time scale there have been many
• mass extinctions
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• a large amount of plants and animals die in a short period of time
• caused by a catastrophe (fire, earthquake, etc.) and/or environmental factors