Fossil fuel
Transcript of Fossil fuel
Fossil FuelNindy Nurdianty
4th Period
Fossil fuels are the carbon rich remains of ancient vegetation and
other organisms that have endured intense heat and pressure
inside the earth over periods of millions of years.
What are fossil fuels?
The different types of fossil fuels are coal, oil and natural gas.
What are the different types of
fossil fuels?
Coal forms from the remains of plants which died in prehistoric swamps
and wetlands. Organic plant matter at various stages of decay form peat,
which, under certain pressure, time and heat conditions experiences slow
rates of bacterial decay and eventually goes on to form coal. The process
through which coal forms from such ancient plants is known as
coalification.
How is coal formed?
Lignite: The softest, brownish coal and is low in carbon but high in
hydrogen and oxygen
Bituminous: Has a higher carbon content with a higher heating value
than lignite. Contains less water and is therefore harder than lignite
Anthracite: The hardest and has more carbon, which gives it a higher
energy content
Describe the different stages
of coal formation?
Coal is primarily used as a solid fuel to produce electricity and heat
through combustion (burned). It is also used to fuel power plants
and other factories.
How is coal used as a fossil fuel?
Oil was formed from the remains of animals and plants (diatoms) that
lived millions of years ago in a marine (water) environment before the
dinosaurs. Over millions of years, the remains of these animals and
plants were covered by layers of sand and silt. Heat and pressure from
these layers helped the remains turn into what we today call crude oil.
How is oil formed?
Oil is carried in pipelines and large tanker ships. A refinery changes
the oil into products like gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel. It's also
burned in factories and power plants to make electricity. The oil is
burned, which produces gases that turn a turbine to create electricity.
How is oil used as a fossil fuel?
Millions of years ago, the remains of plants and animals (diatoms)
decayed and built up in thick layers. Over time, the sand and silt
changed to rock, covered the organic material, and trapped it
beneath the rock. Pressure and heat changed some of this organic
material into coal, some into oil (petroleum), and some into natural
gas — tiny bubbles of odorless gas.
How is natural gas formed?
Natural gas is the cleanest burning of the fossil fuels. Natural gas
can be used as a substitute for gasoline or diesel fuel in internal
combustion engines.
How is natural gas used as a
fossil fuel?
A refinery is a production facility composed of a group of chemical
engineering unit processes and unit operations refining certain
materials or converting raw material into products of value. It is
important to the production of fossil fuel because it converts raw
material into a lot of fuel that we need.
What are refineries and why are they
important to the production of
fossil fuel?
On March 24, 1989, the tanker Exxon Valdez grounded on Bligh
Reef in Alaska's Prince William Sound, spilling nearly 11 million gallons
of Prudhoe Bay crude oil into a remote, scenic, and biologically
productive body of water. It was the largest single oil spill in U.S. coastal
waters. Many parts of the Alaskan marine environment have begun to
show signs of significant physical and biological change: waters have
warmed, ice has receded, and populations of fish and mammals have
declined. In order to clean this mess up, they tried to displace it with
high-pressure hot water. However it displaced and destroyed the
microbial populations on the shoreline, so they stopped. There are oil
remain in the sandy soil of the contaminated shoreline, declining at a
rate of less than 4% per year.
The Exxon Valdez oil spill incident
The spill started with an oil well blowout on April 20, 2010 which
caused a catastrophic explosion on the Deepwater Horizon offshore
oil drilling platform. On May 1 two aircraft were employed to spray
oil dispersant. The effects are being felt in towns and cities across
the area -- this is in addition the local wildlife in both the land and
sea that are dying by the thousands.
The Deep Water Horizon oil
catastrophe incident