Forward Thinking: Forward Thinking: A Study in Transportation, Land Use and Urban Design in A Study in Transportation, Land Use and Urban Design in Naga Naga CityCity

Professor Nora AngelesJeff Deby

Holly FoxcroftR.J. McCulloch

Cathy Pasion

OverviewOverview

Research Question and Methodology

Key findings

Case studies and Principles

Recommendations

Research QuestionResearch Question

How can the vitality of How can the vitality of NagaNaga’’ss city centre city centre be sustained through transportation, land be sustained through transportation, land use and urban design?use and urban design?

Methodology: interviews, lectures, policy and visioning documents, public hearing minutes

Stakeholders Stakeholders StakeholdersStakeholders

•• Citizens of Naga Citizens of Naga •• Urban poor Urban poor •• Naga City Government Naga City Government •• (Planning and Land Use, PSO, CENR)(Planning and Land Use, PSO, CENR)•• DevelopersDevelopers•• Drivers of Drivers of jeepneys/tricycles/padyaksjeepneys/tricycles/padyaks•• JeepneyJeepney/tricycle associations and cooperatives /tricycle associations and cooperatives

( ( egeg. PISTTON). PISTTON)

Project GoalsProject Goals

• Sustain the vitality of CBDI

• Decrease congestion

• Foster accessibility/equity and affordability

• Sustain the livelihoods of drivers

• Limit encroachment of development on Mt. Isarog and agricultural lands

• Plan for future mass transportation needs

• Create livable communities

Policy and VisioningPolicy and Visioning

Existing Policies:• Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2000

• Transit Study 2001

• City of Naga Transportation Ordinances

• Clean Air Act

Policy and VisioningPolicy and Visioning

Visioning Framework:

• Millennium Development Goals

• 2007 State of the City Report

• The Executive Legislative Agenda 2007-2010 Road Map to 2015

Key FindingsKey Findings

Existing Assets:• Rapid growth• Strong culture of citizen participation• Long term planning for growth is recognized as a need• 2001 Traffic Study • Drivers represented on the NCPC council

Key Findings (cont.)Key Findings (cont.)

Constraints:

• Transportation planning is not performed by one dedicated department.

• The objectives of the 2001 Traffic Study are yet to be implemented.

• New subdivisions and the incoming SM mall are directing the growth of the city.

Key Findings (cont.)Key Findings (cont.)

Major Citizen Concerns:• Traffic congestion. • Driver’s livelihoods and

wages.• Transportation is very

costly for the urban poor.

Guiding Principles:

Smart Growth and Transportation Demand Management

Smart Growth and Smart Growth and Transportation Demand ManagementTransportation Demand Management

Topics

• Urban sprawl• Smart Growth• Sustainability• Traffic congestion• Transportation

Demand Management

Urban sprawlUrban sprawlWhat is Urban Sprawl?

• Unlimited outward expansion • Low density residential areas• Single-use zoning

– residential, commercial, industrial• No centralized planning of development• Transportation mainly by private vehicle• Car-oriented development along major roadways

WhatWhat’’s wrong with sprawl?s wrong with sprawl?

Smart GrowthSmart GrowthWhat is Smart Growth?

• Develop for mixed use• Keep the city compact

• Preserve green space

• Prioritize sustainable transportation

• Plan in participatory ways

SustainabilitySustainability

Social Environmental Economic

SustainabilitySustainability

“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”

UN World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

What is

Sustainabledevelopment

Transportation planning: Transportation planning: Supply and demandSupply and demand

Traditional method:Manage supply

• Increase road capacity to meet demand

• Increase parking availability to meet demand

Congestion and demandCongestion and demand

So…

The demand for space on a congested road is greater than just the number of vehicles on it when congested

Congestion encourages people to change:

• Routes• Modes• Time of travel

Induced demandInduced demand

When capacity is expanded, those users start driving their own cars again, on the expanded route, at the busiest times…

…so the route is congested again, but even more so

You canYou can’’t build your way t build your way out of congestionout of congestion

Costs typically reduced

by increased road capacity

Costs typically increased

by increased road capacity

• Congestion• User travel time

• Vehicle costs• Road facilities• Municipal

services• Air pollution• Waste generation• Land use impacts• Resource

consumption

• Parking• Accidents• Equity and

option barrier effect

• Noise• Water

pollution• Roadway land

use

Transportation planning: Transportation planning: Supply and demandSupply and demand

Supply management

• Increase road capacity

• Increase parking availability

Demand management

• Use road capacity more efficiently

• Promote transportation that doesn’t require increased road capacity

Transportation Demand Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategiesManagement (TDM) strategies

Education, promotion and outreach

Sustainable travel options

Travel incentives and disincentives

Supportive land usepractices

Smart Growth and TDM: ConcernsSmart Growth and TDM: Concerns

• It’s an experiment• Evidence is promising but mixed• Practice doesn’t always meet theory

o Too much planning for built form only

o Economic > Environmental > Social

Case StudiesCase Studies

Case Study: Case Study: CuritibaCuritiba, Brazil , Brazil Growth Post 1968 Master Plan

Growth Pre 1968 Master Plan

Case Study: Case Study: CuritibaCuritiba, Brazil, BrazilResults: Results:

–– Reduced congestion Reduced congestion –– Concentrated growth corridorsConcentrated growth corridors–– High public transportation useHigh public transportation use–– Affordability of transit fareAffordability of transit fare–– Revitalization of downtown core through Revitalization of downtown core through

pedestrianizationpedestrianization and promotion of nonand promotion of non--motorized motorized transportation transportation

““Cities that are growingCities that are growing…… need to start identifying need to start identifying and preparing corridors for such public transit and preparing corridors for such public transit systems even if they cannot yet afford them.systems even if they cannot yet afford them.”” ––SustranSustran networknetwork

Case Study: Surabaya, IndonesiaCase Study: Surabaya, Indonesia

• Rapid expansion of the transportation system focused on vehicular movement resulted in:– Congestion, pollution, out migration and the

marginalization of portions of the population• Lessons Learned:

– Incorporate and plan for non-motorized transportation into transportation management systems

– To support the vitality of communities and business facilities that support walking and cycling need to be created

GreenwaysGreenways• Are “linear public corridors for

pedestrians and cyclists that connect parks, nature reserves, cultural features, historic sites, neighbourhoods and retail areas”[City of Vancouver].

Ann Arbor, MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan Hong KongHong Kong

Case Study: VancouverCase Study: Vancouver

• Vancouver’s Greenway Network– City Greenways designed to:

• make walking more interesting• make cycling safer and more convenient• reduce the impact of the car• provide space for public art

Case Study: VancouverCase Study: Vancouver

Case Study: VancouverCase Study: Vancouver

• Vancouver’s Neighbourhood Greenways are:– Initiated by local residents– Connect local community amenities– Reflect local character and identity by providing

opportunities to express the unique character of the area by adding details and activities to the public landscape

– Are maintained by community residents once completed

– A way to explicitly involve the public in the planning process

Case Study: VancouverCase Study: Vancouver

• Example: Arbutus Walk Neighbourhood– Connects important public spaces in community– Greenway uses existing 11th Avenue corridor

Urban DesignUrban Design

• Paints a picture of what Naga can aspire and plan to become after successfully implementing:– Promising planning strategies (Smart Growth, TDM)

appropriate for Naga– Lessons learned from case studies– Visions from Comprehensive Land Use Plan

• Is a synthesis of planning practices as it physically plans these strategies, lessons and visions

• The application of the aforementioned principles and lessons is perhaps best illustrated in the case of CBD I

Assets in CBD IAssets in CBD I

The Status of CBD IThe Status of CBD I

• Many cultural, civic, historic and commercial assets

• Full of people throughout day and night• Healthy and vibrant, but not most

comfortable for pedestrians and cyclists• Sidewalks and roads very congested• CBD II threatens its vitality

Planning Interventions in CBD IPlanning Interventions in CBD I

• Greenways– Network should originate in heart of CBD I,

around plazas– More comfortable way for pedestrians and

cyclists to move to, from and within CBD I

• Sidewalk Vendor Organization– Helps reduce sidewalk and street congestion– Two new locations to organize vendors

Greenway Planning ProcessGreenway Planning Process

• Visioning– Seek public input by establishing committees to

identify desires of which community and city assets and facilities should be linked and where to link them

– Potential user groups need to be consulted• Pedestrians, cyclists, padyak operators, displaced motorized

vehicle operators

• Overlay Method– Inventory social, historic, cultural and natural features

and determine available land for most suitable connections

Planning Naga Planning Naga CityCity’’s Greenway s Greenway

NetworkNetwork

• Origin: Plazas in CBD I– Proposed hierarchy of

open/green space around plazas:

• Greenway: Ojeda IV Street leading to river

• Marketplace: surrounding Plaza Rizal; home of vendors

• Green Walk: P. Burgos Street, Gen. Luna to Public Market

Continuing from Continuing from CBD ICBD I……

• Green Connections to/from CBD I– Encourage pedestrians

and cyclists to access the district in a more pleasant and safer manner

– Supports benefits of a greener centre

• Reduced congestion not only within, but to and from CBD I

• Reduced levels of pollution

……to a Citywide to a Citywide NetworkNetwork

• Visioning process will yield public input on what, where and how to connect important city and community assets and facilities

Proposed Ojeda IV GreenwayProposed Ojeda IV Greenway• Benefits of dedicating Ojeda IV as first city greenway

– Already a corridor: city right-of-way– Natural connection between plazas and river

• Considerations– Anchors

• Greenways should always connect anchors that give pedestrians and cyclists a reason to travel between them on the greenway

– Variety• There should be unique features along the greenway so that the

interest of pedestrians and cyclists is kept as they travel along the corridor

• Phasing: from plazas to river to PNR to CBD II– Connect anchors at every phase and add interesting

pedestrian and cycling features to stir excitement and encourage more users

Visions of the Ojeda IV GreenwayVisions of the Ojeda IV Greenway

Proposed Sidewalk Vendor AggregationProposed Sidewalk Vendor Aggregation

• Aggregation will help reduce congestion on the sidewalks and keep pedestrians off the streets

• Proposed sites for organization– Naga City Marketplace

• Surrounds Plaza Rizal and connects P. Burgos and Gen. Luna Green Walks to Ojeda IV Greenway

– Ojeda IV Greenway• Connects plazas to river and eventually to CBD II

A Vision of A Vision of Naga City Naga City

MarketplaceMarketplace

RecommendationsRecommendations

Recommendations: Recommendations: Overarching PrinciplesOverarching Principles

• Engage in holistic, equitable, sustainable long term planning to create a city that promotes economic vitality, limits congestion, enlivens the downtown core, and supports the health of its residents

• Create complete, compact, and highly livable communities

Recommendations: Recommendations: Land Use and TransportationLand Use and Transportation

•• Create an agency or interCreate an agency or inter--departmental task departmental task force that engages in transportation and land force that engages in transportation and land use planninguse planning

•• Promote coordinated and dedicated Promote coordinated and dedicated transportation and land use planning in transportation and land use planning in collaboration with the Centre of Environment collaboration with the Centre of Environment and Natural Resources and the Office of and Natural Resources and the Office of AgricultureAgriculture

Recommendations: Recommendations: Land Use and TransportationLand Use and Transportation

• Manage transportation demand, not just supply

Recommendations: Recommendations: Land Use and TransportationLand Use and Transportation

• Undertake participatory transportation and land use visioning and planning

• Reserve land for future public transportation corridors

• Plan for the whole community, recognizing that marginalized groups have different needs (women, poor)

Recommendations: Recommendations: Transportation and Land UseTransportation and Land Use

• Create a long term plan for land use that incorporates the needs of Naguenos and is not solely driven by market growth

Recommendations for CBD IRecommendations for CBD I

• Recognize that the vitality of CBD I depends not only on the structure and occupants of CBD I, but of [Metro] Naga City as a whole.

• Design a greenway network originating in the heart of CBD I that connects the centre to surrounding areas of Naga City.

• Aggregate the sidewalk vendors in CBD I into two primary locations: Naga City Marketplace and the Ojeda IV Greenway.

Questions?Questions?

Dios Mabalos Po!