Formulation of Antioxidant Gel Mask From Ethanol Extract of Papaya Leaves (Carica Papaya L.)
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Transcript of Formulation of Antioxidant Gel Mask From Ethanol Extract of Papaya Leaves (Carica Papaya L.)
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7/21/2019 Formulation of Antioxidant Gel Mask From Ethanol Extract of Papaya Leaves (Carica Papaya L.)
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OCQGXDIR@ RHK@IIE GIRJHQ NHD IE[@CJR@KIE
KIQ@ HJR[QIJ H[IECD KIXE \H\IPI (Bir`bi pipiyi D.)
OCQGXDI[@CE CO IE[@C]@KIE[ NHD GIRJ
OQCG H[MIECD H][QIB[ CO \I\IPI DHI_HR (Bir`bi pipiyiD.)
Biekri \rish!i N!e!e"# Dh$% Rir! D&'!s# Is!i Mi*e! D&'!s
Kh+irh,he [h-e$"! Oir,is! Oi-&$is Oir,is!
Xe!/hrs!is R&,ihri Xiri
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7/21/2019 Formulation of Antioxidant Gel Mask From Ethanol Extract of Papaya Leaves (Carica Papaya L.)
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\HEKIMXDXIE
"idig jhm`kupie shmir`-mir`
j`ti t`kij kipit thrahais kir` sheyiwi
rik`jid ahais. !sip rcjcj, gijieieyien k`aijir, pipirie s`eir gitimir`
ahrdha`m, cait-caitie thrthetu,
phst`s`ki, kie pcdus` ukiri ghrupijie
ahahripi sugahr phgahetuj sheyiwi
rik`jid ahais. ?ik`jid ahais
ghrupijie gcdhjud yien ghg`d`j`
situ itiu dha`m hdhjtrce yien t`kij
ahrpisienie. Hdhjtrce-hdhjtrce yien
t`kij ahrpisienie `e` gheyhaiajie
rik`jid ahais ghe>ik` sheyiwi yien
sienit rhijt`o thrmikip shd-shd tuaum\`htti, (&&&1. ?ik`jid ahais ijie
ahr`jitie khenie jcgpcehe shd uetuj
ghe>ik` stia`d, shm`enni ijie ghrusij
jcgpcehe shd shphrt` dhgij, prcth`e,
kie isig eujdhit. =hrusijie
jcgpcehe shd gheyhaiajie pheuiie
k`e` piki jud`t yien k`tieki` khenie
jud t jhr`en, jhr`put, jusig, kie
guebud odhj-odhj m`tig Hdsehr kie
0i`aibm, (&&&1.
\hennueiie iet`cjs`kieghrupijie sidim situ upiyi yien
shr en k`dijujie uetuj ghenitis`
prcshs pheuiie jud`t iet`-in`en1
!rkm`h, (&%%1. !et`cjs`kie ikidim
suitu sheyiwi yien kipit ghehtridjie
kie ghrhkig rik`jid ahais kie
ghenmigait thr>ik`eyi cjs`kis` piki
shd shm`enni ghenurien` thr>ik`eyi
jhrusijie shd #hreie` kie ?imir>c,
(&&)1. [uaum gieus`i t`kij
ghgpueyi` bikienie iet`cjs`kie
kidig >ugdim ahrdha`m, shm`enni >`ji
thr>ik` pipirie rik`jid ahais yien
ahrdha`m giji tuaum ghgautumjie
iet`cjs`kie kir` duir. 6hrkisirjie
sugahr phrcdhmieeyi, iet`cjs`kie
kipit k`ain` ghe>ik` kui jhdcgpcj,
yi`tu iet`cjs`kie idig` kie
iet`cjs`kie s`etht`j. !et`cjs`kie idig`
dha`m aieyij k`igit` k`aiek`enjie
khenie iet cjs`kie s`etht`j, jirhei
iet`cjs`kie s`etht j k`jmiwit`rjie
ghg`d`j` hohj sigp`en, shm`enni
iet cjs`kie idig` ghe>ik` idthreit`o
yien sienit k`autumjie \ie>i`tie, ht
id., (&%21.!et`cjs`kie idig` a`si
k`phrcdhm kir` siyurie, auim-auimie,
kie sugahr di`eeyi sidim situeyi
ikidim kiue phpiyi Bir`bi pipiyi
:.1. [ieigie phpiyi thrjheid shaini`
tieigie cait k` ahraini` ahdimie
kue`i. 0ieoiiteyi shaini` cait idig`
a`si k`phrcdhm kir` migp`r shdurum
ain`ie tieigie phpiyi. "iue phpiyi
thdim thraujt` gheniekuen -
tcjcohrcd, isig isjcrait, kieodivcec`k yien ahrpcthes` shaini`
iet`cjs`kie yien ahjhr>i khenie biri
gheienjip rik`jid ahais orhh rik`bid
sbivhenhr1, jhguk`ie ghebhnim
rhijt`v`tis igpd o`jis`eyi 4tsuj`, ht
id., (&%&1.
\hgieoiitie hohj iet`cjs`kie
piki shk`iie yien k`tu>ujie uetuj
jud`t wi>im dha`m ai`j a`di
k`ocrgudis`jie kidig ahetuj shk`iie
jcsght`ji tcp`jid k`aiek`enjie crid
"rihdcs, ht id., (&&7 \cu`ddct, ht id.,
(&%%1. =csght`ji wi>im thrshk`i
kidig ahraini` ahetuj shk`iie, sidim
situeyi kidig ahetuj gisjhr. 6hetuj
shk`iie gisjhr yien aieyij thrkipit
k` pisirie ikidim ahetuj pisti itiu
shrauj, shkienjie shk`iie gisjhr
ahetuj nhd gis`m >irien k`>ugpi`,
pikimid gisjhr ahetuj nhd
ghgpueyi` ahahripi jhuetueniek`ietirieyi phennueiie yien gukim,
shrti gukim uetuj k`a`dis kie
k`ahrs`mjie. 5hdi`e `tu, kipit >uni
k`ienjit itiu k dhpisjie shphrt`
ghgarie hdist`s ?`hnhr, (&&&1.
6hrkisirjie `eocrgis` k` itis,
giji k dijujie phehd`t`ie uetuj
ghenhtimu` jirijthr`sis` s`gpd`s`i,
sjr`e`en o`tcj`g`i, ghenu>` ijt`v tis
iet`cjs`kie hjstrij htiecd kiue
phpiyi, ghgocrgudis` gisjhr nhd
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7/21/2019 Formulation of Antioxidant Gel Mask From Ethanol Extract of Papaya Leaves (Carica Papaya L.)
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hjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi, ghenu>`
ijt`v tis iet`cjs`kie shk`iie gisjhr
nhd hjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi, kie
ghenu>` ijt`v`tis shk`iie gisjhr nhd
hjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi shaini`iet`-in`en.
GH[CKH \HEHD@[@IE
I$i kie ` `r`tis` kie u>` hohjt`o`tis
shk`iie gisjhr nhd shaini` iet`-in`en
shdigi phehd t`ie ahrdiensuen.5ujirhdiwie ahrshk`i ghen`s`
juhs`cehr yien k`ahr`jie khenie
dhenjip kie gheiekitienie` surit
phreyitiie phrshtu>uie `eocrghk
bceshet1. 5hkienjie jr`thr`i
hjsjdus` ghd put wie`ti khenie
jhdi`eie jud`t piki kihrim u>` shphrt`
duji kie pheyij`t jud`t di`eeyi t`kij
kipit k`gisujjie kidig phehd t`ie.
5hdi`e `tu, wie ti khenie r`wiyit
idhrn` thrmikip sidim situ it yienthrkipit kidig shk`iie >uni t`kij
kipit k`gisujjie kidig phehd`t`ie.
@khe!*!-is! Ri,+h$ [&,'&1ie
;khet`o`jis` sigphd k`dijujie k`
Mhr#ir`ug $cncr`hesh, 6`kien 6ctie`
\usit \hehd`t`ie 6`cdcn`-:hgaini
;dgu \henhtimuie ;ekcehs`i :;\;1
6cncr.
\he"$i1ie Ri,+h$"iue phpiyi guki shnir
k`ahrs`mjie kir` jctcrie-jctcrie yien
ghdhjit, k`bub` khenie i`r sigpi`
ahrs`m, k`t`r`sjie, didu k`t`gaien ahrit
shdurumeyi shaini` ahrit aisim.
=hguk`ie kiue phpiyi k`jhr`enjie k`
dhgir` phenhr`en khenie sumu < 2&K9
sigpi` kiue phpiyi jhr`en kie gukim
ripum. 5hthdim jhr`en, kiue phpiyi
k`shrauj khenie ghennueijie
adhekhr kie k`t`gaien ahrit shrauj
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7/21/2019 Formulation of Antioxidant Gel Mask From Ethanol Extract of Papaya Leaves (Carica Papaya L.)
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shaini` ahrit jhr`en. 5hrauj s`gpd`s i
shahdug k`nueijie k`s`gpie kidig
wikim pdist`j thrd`ekuen kir` bimiyi
gitimir`.
Jiri-hr!sis! R!,+$!s!i
\hghr`jsiie jirijthr`sis`
s`gpd`s`i ghd`put` gijrcsjcp`j,
g`jrcsjcp`j, phehtipie jikir i`r,
phehtipie jikir iau tctid,
phghr`jsiie jikir iau yien t`kij
dirut kidig isig, phehtipie jikir sir`
yien dirut kidig htiecd, kie
phehtipie jikir sir` yien dirut kidig
i`r "hpjhs, %**)7 #4, %**1
\h,'&iie H-sri- Hie$
\hgauitie hjstrij k dijujie
khenie biri gishris ghennueijie
phdirut htiecd &'. 5haieyij 2&& n
shrauj s`gpd`s`i kiue phpiyi
k`gisujjie kidig wikim jibi
ahrwirei nhdip, jhguk`ie k`gishris`
khenie phdirut htiecd &' sigpi`
shdurum shrauj thrhekig, k`tutup kie
k`s`gpie piki sumu jigir shdigi )
mir` thrd`ekuen kir` bimiyi siga`dshr`en k`ikuj, jhguk`ie k`sir`en
shm`enni k`kipit gishrit. !gpis
k`gishris` jhgaid` khenie htiecd
&' shdigi ( mir` ghennueijie
prcshkur yien sigi. 5hdurum gishrit
k`niauen, k`shrji`, kie k`heip
tuienjie. "`phjitjie khenie rctiry
hvipcritcr piki thgphritur t`kij
dha`m kir )&&9 sigpi` k`phrcdhm
hjstrij jhetid, jhguk`ie k`jhr`enjie
khenie orhhzh kryhr " t>he \40,%*+*1.
R-r!e!e" O!-!,!i
5jr`e`en o tcj`g`i k dijujie
uetuj ghenhtimu` ncdcenie sheyiwi
j`g`i yien thrjiekuen kidig
s`gpd`s`i kie hjstrij, ghd`put`
ncdcenie idjidc`ki, odivcec`ki,
nd`jcs`ki, sipce`e, tie`e, kie
sthrc`kiAtr`thrphec`ki.
\he"&2!ie I-!/!is Ie!-s!kie
H-sri-
\h,'&iie $ir&ie !ek&- K\\M
5haieyij %*.+ gn "\\#
k`t`gaien, jhguk`ie k`dirutjie kidigdiau thetujur %&& gd khenie ghtiecd,
didu vcdugheyi k`bujupjie khenie
ghtiecd sigpi` nir`s tieki
jceshetris` (&& ppg1. :irutie k`>ini
piki sumu rhekim, thrd`ekuen kir`
bimiyi uetuj shnhri k`nueijie
0cdyehux, (&&21.
\h,'&iie $ir&ie '$ie-
:irutie "\\# &,) g0
jceshetris` (&& ppg1 k`p`phtshaieyij ) gd, jhguk`ie k`gisujjie
jh kidig diau thetujur () gd,
k`bujupjie vcdugheyi khenie
ghtiecd sigpi` nir`s tieki
jceshetris` 2& ppg1.
\hehi+ie ; ,i-s!,&, K\\M
:irutie "\\# jceshetris` 2&
ppg k`mcgcnhejie kie k`ujur
shripieeyi piki pie>ien nhdcgaien
2&&O+)& eg 5cdcgces, ht id%, (&%/1.
\h,'&iie $ir&ie !ek&- si,+h$
5haieyij () gn hjstrij htiecd
kiue phpiyi k t`gaien jhguk`ie
k`dirutjie kidig diau thetujur () gd
khenie ghtiecd didu vcdugheyi
k`bujupjie khenie ghtiecd sigpi`
nir`s tieki jceshetris` %&&& ppg1.
\h,'&iie $ir&ie &2! si,+h$:irutie `ekuj k`p`pht shaieyij
%,() gd7 (,) gd7 /,+) gd7 ) gd,
jhguk`ie k`gisujjie jh kidig diau
thetujur () gd uetuj ghekipitjie
jceshetris` )&, %&&, %)& kie (&&
ppg1, jhguk`ie kidig gis`en-gis`en
diau thetujur k tigaimjie ) gd
dirutie "\\# &,) g0 uetuj
ghekipitjie jceshetris "\\# 2&
ppg1 didu vcdugh k`bujupjie khenie
ghtiecd sigpi` nir`s tieki, k`k`igjie
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k` thgpit nhdip, didu k`ujur
shripieeyi piki sphjtrcoctcghthr
shthdim & ghe`t
\h,'&iie $ir&ie !ek&- /!i,!eiB
5haieyij () gn v`tig`e 9
k`t`gaien jhguk`ie k`dirutjie kidig
diau thetujur )& gd khenie ghtiecd
didu vcdugheyi k`bujupjie khenie
ghtiecd sigpi` nir`s tieki
jceshetris` )&& ppg1
\h,'&iie $ir&ie &2! /!i,!e B
:irutie `ekuj k`p`pht shaieyij
&,% gd7 &,( gd7 &,/ gd7 &,2 gdjhguk`ie gis`en-gis`en k`gisujjie
jh kidig diau thetujur () gd uetuj
ghekipitjie jceshetris` ( ppg, 2
ppg, ppg, ppg1, jhguk`ie kidig
gis`en-gis`en diau thetujur
k`tigaimjie ) gd dirutie "\\# &,)
g0 uetuj ghekipitjie jceshetris
"\\# 2& ppg1 didu vcdugh
k`bujupjie khenie ghtiecd sigpi`
nir`s tieki, k`k`igjie k` thgpit
nhdip, didu k`ujur shripieeyi pikisphjtrcoctcghthr shthdim & ghe`t.
\hehe&ie +hrshe +hrhki,ie
=hgigpuie iet cjs`kie k`ujur
shaini` pheurueie shripie dirutie
"\\# phrhkigie wirei uenu "\\#1
ij`ait ikieyi pheigaimie dirutie u>`.
3`di` shripie dirutie "\\# shahdug
kie shthdim pheigaimie dirutie u>`
thrshaut k`m`tuen shaini` phrshe
phrhkigie.
=hthrienie B
!jcetrcd N!ascraies` t`kij
gheniekuen sigphd
!sigphd N !ascraies` sigphd
\hehe&ie e!$i! @B8?#is`d phrm`tuenie k`gisujjie jh
kidig phrsigiie rhnrhs` khenie
jceshetris` hjstrij MnAgd1 shaini`
ias`s sugau @1 kie e`di` '
phrhkigie kir` iet`cjs`kie shaini`
crk`eiteyi sugau F1.
\h,'&iie Rhk!iie Gis-hr Nh$Or,&$i 'is!s ,is-hr "h$
?A \cd`v`e`d idjcmcd %&
9iracghr *2& &,()
$d`shr`e %&
3itr`ug diur`d sudoit (
Htiecd *' (&
0ht`d piriahe &.(
\iroug &.%
!`r sud`en ik %&&
\cd`v`e`d idjcmcd k`tigaimjie
i`r sud en, jhguk`ie k`pieisjie k`
itis pheienis i`r piki sumu Jcrgudis` shk`iie gisjhr
nhd iet`cjs kie hjstrij
htiecd kiue phpiyi
'\hrhkigieN D%-!sigphd1A!jcetrcd1Gx%&&'
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O0 O6 O:
Hjstrij htiecd
kiue phpiyi
- %x;9%&&
&,&(&1
/x;9%&&
&,&)*1
x;9%&&
&,%%*1
*x;9%&&
&.%+1
6is`s gisjhrnhd ikk %&& %&& %&& %&& %&&
\rcshkur phgauitie B Hjstrij htiecd
kiue phpiyi k`t`gaien &,&(& n7 &,&)*
n7 &,%%* n7 &,%+ n, jhguk`ie
k`tigaimjie jh kidig ais`s gisjhr
nhd, k`nhrus m`enni mcgcnhe.
"`bujupjie khenie ais`s gisjhr nhd
m`enni %&& n kie k`ikuj m`enni
mcgcnhe.
\hehe&ie G&& O!s!- Rhk!iie
X2! 1,"he!is
L>` mcgcnhe`tis k`dijujie
khenie ghennueijie ca>hj nhdis.
5h>ugdim thrthetu shk`iie >`ji
k`cdhsjie piki shjhp`en jibi itiu
aimie triespirie di`e yien bcbcj,
shk`iie mirus gheue>ujjie susueie
yien mcgcnhe kie t`kij thrd mit
ikieyi aut`rie jisir "`t>he \40,
%*+*1
\he"i,iie r"ie$h+!s
\henigitie crniecdhpt`s ghd`put`
ahetuj, phruaimie wirei kie aiu kir`
shk`iie gisjhr nhd yien k`igit
shbiri v`suid
\he"&-&rie +M
\hehetuie p# shk`iie k`dijujie
khenie ghennueijie idit p# ghthr.
!dit thrdha`m kimudu k`jid`aris` khenieghennueijie dirutie kipir stiekir
ehtrid p# +,&%1 kie dirutie kipir p#
isig p# 2,&%1 m`enni idit
gheue>ujjie mirni p# thrshaut.
=hguk`iie hdhjtrcki k`bub` khenie
i`r sud`en, didu k`jhr`enjie khenie
t`ssuh. 5igphd k`auit kidig
jceshetris` %' yi`tu k t`gaien %
nrig shk`iie kie k`dirutjie kidig
%&& gd i`r sud`en. =hguk`iie
hdhjtrcki k`bhdupjie kidig dirutie
thrshaut. "`a`irjie idit gheue>ujjie
mirni p# sigpi` jcestie. !enji yien
k`tue>ujjie p# ghthr ghrupijie p#
shk`iie ?iwd`es, (&&/1
\he"&2!ie i-& %ie" k!'&&1-ie
shk!iie &e&- ,he"hr!e"
5hk`iie yien k`nueijie ikidim
shk`iie gisjhr nhd yien thdim
k`ocrgudis`jie 2 >ig shahdugeyi.
5haieyij &,+ n shk`iie k`cdhsjie kie
k`shair k` itis phrgujiie jibi khenie
irhi shduis ),& x (,) bg m`enni
ghgahetuj dip`sie t`p`s shrinig
khenie thaid j`ri-j`ri % gg, `e`
ghe`ru phenipd`jis`ie gisjhr phhd coopiki wi>im. =ibi yien thdim k`cdhs`
shk`iie k`gisujjie jhkidig cvhe
piki sumu /,) < ( K9 kie shk`iie
k`gce`tcr sigpi` prcshs phenhr`enie
shdhsi` I`h`ri ht id., (&&*1.
\he"&2!ie ki%i sh'ir
\henu>`ie kiyi shair k`dijujie
khenie ghe`gaien &,) n shk`iie kie
k dhtijjie k` thenim-thenim jibi
audit, k`tutup khenie jibi di`e yienthdim k`t gaien ahriteyi, k`a`irjie
shdigi situ ghe`t, kie k`ujur
k`ighthr shaireyi. 5hthdim `tu,
k`tigaimjie ahaie )& n kie
k`a`irjie shdigi situ ghe t, didu
k`ujur k`ighthr shaireyi.
\heigaimie ahrit )& n shthdim situ
ghe`t k`dijujie thrus ghehrus m`enni
k`phrcdhm k`ighthr yien bujup uetuj
ghd`mit phenirum ahaie thrmikip
phruaimie k`ighthr shair shk`iie.
\he"&-&rie /!s-s!is
\henujurie v`sjcs`tis shk`iie
k`dijujie khenie ghennueijie
v`sjcghthr 6rccjo`hdk piki sumu
ruien. 5haieyij %&& gd shk`iie
k`gisujjie jh kidig wikim,
jhguk`ie k`gisujjie sp`ekdh sigpi`
aitis phebhdupie kie k`>idiejie rctcr.
=hbhpitiesp`ekhdk`itur ahrturut-turut
(, ), %&, (& rpg jhguk`ie k`aid`j (&,
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%&, ), ( rpg. "ir` gis`en-gis`en
phenujurie khenie phrahkiie rpg,
sjidi k`aibi jht`ji >irug ghrim yien
ahrnhrij thdim stia`d. I sjcs`tis E1
kidig bhet`pc`sh bps1 k`phrcdhm kir`mis`d phrjid ie k`id rhik`en kr1
khenie oijtcr jcrhjs` o1 jmusus uetuj
gis en-gis en jhbhpitie sp`ekhd.
\henu> ie k`dijujie piki iwid kie
ijm`r hviduis`.
\he"i,iie si'!$!is shk!iie
\henigitie stia`d`tis shk`iie
k dijujie piki phey`gpieie sumu
jigir shdigi & mir` khenie `ethrvid
wijtu phenigitie sht`ip %), /&, 2),& mir yien ghd put` phruaimie
wirei, aiu, p#, wijtu shk`iie
ghenhr`en, kiyi shair, kie v`sjcs`tis
6ismi, ht id., (&%%1.
X2! I-!/!is Ie!-s!kie Rhk!iie
Gis-hr Nh$
L>` ijt`v`tis iet`cjs`kie shk`iie
gisjhr nhd k`dijujie piki iwid
phgauitie shk`iie gisjhr nhd kie
shthdim phey`gpieie piki sumu jigirshdigi & mir`.
X2! @r!is! [hr1iki+ J&$!
R&-irh$iie
[hje`j yien k`nueijie piki u>`
`r`tis` `e` ikidim u>` thgphd thrauji
&'phe (hst)piki dhenie aiwim ain`ie
kidig thrmikip %& crien piehd`s. L>`
thgphd thrauji k dijujie khenie
ghencdhsjie shk`iie yien k`auit piki
dcjis` dhjitie khenie duis thrthetu(,) x (,) bg1, k`a`irjie thrauji kie
k`igit` ipi yien thr>ik`. L> `e`
k dijujie shaieyij / jid` shmir`
shdigi kui mir` ahrturut-turut :it`oim
kie [rienncec, (&&+1. ?hijs` `r`tis`
pcs`t`o k`tieki` cdhm ikieyi
jhghrimie, nitid-nitid, itiu ahenjij
piki jud`t dhenie aiwim ain`ie kidig
yien k`ahr` phrdijuie.
\he"&2!ie H*h-!/!is Ie!4in`en
\henu>`ie hohjt`v`tis iet -in`en
k`dijujie thrmikip sujirhdiwie
shaieyij % crien kie k`ain` ghe>ik`
jhdcgpcj. 5hgui sujirhdiwie
k`ujur jcek`s` iwid jud`t piki irhi u>`yien thdim k tieki` yien ghd`put`B
jikir i`r gc`sturh1, jhmidusie
hvheehss1, ahsir pcr` pcrh1,
aieyijeyi ecki spct1, jhr`put
*r`ejdh1 kie jhkidigie jhr`put
&*r`ejdh khptm) khenie ghennueijie
sj`e ieidyzhr. \hriwitie gudi`
k dijujie khenie ghenipd`jis`jie
gisjhr nhd m`enni ghriti piki jud`t
shduis irhi u>` yien thdim k`tieki`,
gisjhr nhd k`ipd`jis`jie ahrkisirjiejhdcgpcj yien thdim k thtipjie k`
itis. \hruaimie jcek`s` jud t k`ujur
siit shahdug ipd`jis` gisjhr nhd kie
shthdim ipd`jis` gisjhr nhd sht`ip
g`ennu shdigi 2 g`ennu khenie
ghennueijie idit sj`e ieidyzhr.
\henu>`ie hohjt`v`tis iet`-in`en >uni
k dijujie thrmikip shk`iie yien
k`pisirie shaini` phgaiek`en
MIR@D KIE \HG
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\hghr`jsiie k`dijujie thrmikip
s`gpd`s`i kiue phpiyi. #is`d
phghr`jsiie g`jrcsjcp`j s`gpd`s`i
kiue phpiyi gheue>ujjie ikieyi
miadur jids`ug cjsidit, oringhephgaudum jiyu, kie oringhe ghsco`d.
Mis!$ +h,hr!-siie -iri-hr!s!-
shr'&- s!,+$!s!i
\hghr`jsiie Jikir (%)\hrsyirit
ie GG@(%)
Jikir i`r >,>= 9` k`m`tuen shaini` phrshe
phrhkigie. #is`d ieid`s`s yien thdim
k dijujie, k`phrcdhm e di` phrshe
phrhkigie piki sht`ip jceshetris`
sigphd u>` shphrt` yien thrd mit piki
[iahd 2 kie v`tig`e 9 piki [iahd ).
[i'h$ : #is`d ieid`s`s phrhkigie
rik`jid ahais cdhm sigphdu>`.
Jesheris! Ri,+h$= \hrhki,ie
Ri,+h$ &2!
"\\# &
)& ppg 2&./%
%&& ppg &.%+
%)& ppg &.%(
(&& ppg *2.
[i'h$ 8 #is`d ieid`s`s phrhkigie
rik`jid ahais cdhm v`tig`e 9
Jesheris! si,+h$= \hrhki,ie
_!i,!e B
"\\# &
% ppg %2,)
( ppg /&,)
2 ppg )*,/(
ppg *),/
#is`d ieid`s`s gheue>ujjie aimwi
shgij`e ghe`enjit jceshetris` giji
shgij`e ghe`enjit ijt`v`tisphrhkigie "\\# jirhei shgij`e
aieyij "\\# yien ahrpisienie
khenie itcg m`krcnhe kir` hjstrij kie
v tig`e 9 shm`enni shripie "\\#
gheurue.
Iei$!s!s e!$i! @B8? (@em`a`tcry
Bcebhetrit`ce) si,+h$ &2! kie
/!i,!e B
3`di` ;9)& k`phrcdhm ahrkisirjie
phrsigiie rhnrhs` d`e`hr yien
k`kipitjie khenie biri ghgpdct
jceshetris` dirutie u>` kie phrshe
phrhkigie "\\# shaini` pirighthr
ijt`v`tis iet`cjs`kie, k`giei
jceshetris` dirutie u>` ppg1 shaini`ias`s kie e di` phrshe phrhkigie
shaini` crk`eit. #is`d phrsigiie
rhnrhs` d`e`hr yien k`phrcdhm uetuj
sigphd u>` kie v`tig`e 9 kipit k`d`mit
piki [iahd ahr`jut `e`B
[i'h$ 7 #is d phrsigiie rhnrhs`
d`e`hr yien k`phrcdhm kir`
sigphd u>` kie v`tig`e 9.
Ri,+h$ \hrsi,iie rh"rhs!
5igphd u>` F N &,2)*&x C *,%*&
I`tig`e 9 F N %%,*//x C 2,(*%
#is`d ieid s`s e di` ;9)& yien
k`phrcdhm ahrkisirjie phrm`tuenie
phrsigiie
rhnrhs` kipit k d`mit piki [iahd /.
ahr`jutB
[i'h$ 5 3`di` ;9)&sigphd u>` kie
v`tig`e 9.
Ri,+h$ @B8?(++,)
5igphd u>` .*%
I`tig`e 9 /,/
\iki [iahd + k` itis gheue>ujjie
aimwi hjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi
ghg`d`j` ijt v tis iet cjs`kie yien
dha`m rhekim k`aiek`enjie v`tig`e 9,
mid `e` kipit k`shaiajie jirhei
v tig`e 9 dha`m gure` k`aiek`enhjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi yien
gheniekuen ahraini` gibig
ghtiacd`t shjuekhr.
Rhk!iie Gis-hr Nh$
Jcrgudis` shk`iie gisjhr nhd
ghennueijie pcd`v`e`d idjcmcd \I!1
khenie jceshetris` %&' shaini` ais`s
nhd. Hjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi yien
k`nueijie uetuj ghgauit shk`iie
gisjhr nhd ikidim khenie jceshetris`
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gis`en-gis`en &,&(&', &,&)*',
&,%%*' kie &,%+'. #is`d
phenigitie shk`iie gisjhr nhd shbiri
v`suid piki siit shk`iie shdhsi` k`auit
k`tue>ujjie piki [iahd ahr`jutB
[i'h$ 3 #is d phenigitie shk`iie
gisjhr nhd shbiri v`suid
Or,&$
iLirei
Ir,
i
Jes!shes
!
J.& 6he`en !etir`
i=hetid
J.; =ue`en
triespiri
e
!etir`
i=hetid
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i=hetid
J.;;; =ue`en !etir`
i=hetid
J.;I =ue`en !etir`
i=hetid
=hthrienie B
J.& B 6is`s gisjhr nhd adiejc1
J.; B 0isjhr nhd &,&(&'
J.;; B 0isjhr nhd &,&)*'
J.;;; B 0isjhr nhd &,%%*'
J.;I B 0isjhr nhd &,%+'
6is`s gisjhr nhd tiepi
pheigaimie hjstrij htiecd kiue
phpiyi ahrwirei ahe`en, shkienjie
khenie pheigaimie hjstrij
k`mis`djie shk`iie gisjhr nhd
ahrwirei m`>iu dhgim m`enni m`>iu
jhbcjditie. ;ethes tis wirei shk`iie
gisjhr nhd ahrtigaim khenie
ghe`enjiteyi jceshetris` hjstrij
yien k tigaimjie. 5hgui ocrgudi
shk`iie gisjhr nhd yien k`auit
ghenmis`djie jces`sthes` yien jhetid.
\hehe&ie G&& O!s!- Rhk!iie
\h,hr!-isiie 1,"he!is
#is`d phghr`jsiie
mcgcnhe`tis thrmikip shk`iie gisjhr
nhd hjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi
gheue>ujjie aimwi shgui shk`iie
t`kij ghgphrd mitjie ikieyi aut r-
aut`r jisir piki siit shk`iie k`cdhsjie
piki jibi triespirie. #id `e`
0heue>ujjie aimwi shk`iie yien
k`auit ghg`d`j` susueie yien
mcgcnhe "`t>he \40, %*)1.
H/i$&is! si'!$!is shk!iie
Hviduis` stia`d tis shk`iie
k dijujie shdigi phey`gpieie &
mir` khenie `ethrvid phenigitie
sht ip %), /&, 2), & mir`. 5hk`iie
gisjhr nhd k`s`gpie piki sumu /& `
gheue>ujjie aimwi shk`iie gisjhrnhd thtip stia d piki phey`gpieie
sumu jigir shdigi & mir`, k`giei
t`kij thr>ik` phruaimie yien
s`ne`o`jie piki t`ip pirighthr u>`.
#is`d phenigitie crniecdhpt`s
shk`iie gisjhr nhd hjstrij htiecd kiue
phpiyi gheue>ujjie aimwi wirei
kie aiu shk`iie gisjhr nhd t`kij
ghenidig` phruaimie shdigi
phey`gpieie & mir` piki sumu
jigir.\iki phghr`jsiie p# shk`iie
gisjhr nhd, k`kipitjie p# ahrj`sir
ietiri ,/ - ,2. 5hgij`e idjid`s itiu
shgij`e isig aimie yien ghenhei`
jud`t, shgij`e sud`t jud`t uetuj
ghehtrid`s`reyi kie jud t kipit
ghe>ik` jhr`en, phbim-phbim, shes`t`o,
kie gukim thrjhei `eohjs`. 4dhm
jirhei `tu p# jcsght ji k`usimijie
sigi itiu shkhjit guenj`e khenie p#
o`s`cdcn`s jud`t yi`tu ietiri 2,) - +,&
is`iitgik>i, %**+1.
\henu>`ie wijtu shk`iie
ghenhr`en k`dijujie khenie
ghenigit` wijtu yien k`phrdujie
shk`iie uetuj ghenhr`en, yi`tu wijtu
kir` siit gudi` k`cdhsjieeyi gisjhr
nhd piki jibi m`enni aheir-aheir
thrahetuj dip`sie yien jhr`en I h`ri,
ht id., (&&*1. #is`d yien k`phrcdhm
gheue>ujjie aimwi shgij`e digi
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phey`gpieie, giji wijtu yien
k`autumjie shk`iie gisjhr nhd uetuj
ghenhr`en shgij`e ghe`enjit. #id `e`
kipit k`shaiajie jirhei shk`iie
gisjhr nhd gheniekuen nd`shr`e yienahrs`oit m`nrcsjcp`s khenie io`e`tis
yien t`enn` uetuj gheir`j kie
gheimie gcdhjud i`r kie ghe>ini
jhstia`die khenie biri gheniascras`
dhgaia kir` d`enjuenie kie
ghenurien` phenuipie i`r kir
shk`iie 6irhd, ht id., (&&*1.
#is`d u>` kiyi shair shk`iie
gisjhr nhd hjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi
gheue>ujjie gisjhr nhd ghg d`j`
kiyi shair ),2 - ,) bg. L>` kiyi shairghg`d`j` tu>uie uetuj ghd`mit
jhgigpuie gheyhaireyi nhd piki
phrgujiie jud`t k`giei k`miripjie
nhd gigpu gheyhair khenie gukim
k`thgpit yien k`cdhsjie tiepi
k`ahr`jie thjieie yien ahrirt`. "iyi
shair yien k`mis`djie piki shgui
ocrgudis` nhd gheue>ujjie aimwi
shgij`e digi phey`gpieie giji
kiyi shair nhd shgij`e ghe`enjit.
"iyi shair nhd yien ai`j yi`tu ietiri
) - + bg $irn, ht id% (&&(1.
\henu>`ie v`sjcs`tis ghrupijie
oijtcr yien phet`en jirhei
ghgphenirum` pirighthr kiyi shairkie phdhpisie it ijt o kir` gisjhr
nhd. 0isjhr nhd yien ghg`d j`
v`sjcs`tis cpt`gug ijie gigpu
gheimie it ijt`o thtip thrk`sphrs`
kidig ais`s gisjhr nhd kie
ghe`enjitjie jces`sthes` gisjhr nhd
thrshaut 0ikie iek 5`enm, (&%&1.
#is`d phenigitie v`sjcs`tis shk`iie
gisjhr nhd shdigi phey`gpieie &
mir` gheue>ujjie aimwi shk`iie
ghenidig` pheurueie e`di` v`sjcs`tis,mid `e` kipit k`shaiajie jirhei digi
phey`gpieie shm`enni shk`iie digi
thrphenirum cdhm d`enjuenie shphrt`
ukiri. 5hdi`e `tu jhgisie yien jurien
jhkip >uni kipit gheyhaiajie
shk`iie gheyhrip i`r kir` duir,
shm`enni gheigaim vcdugh i`r
shk`iie gisjhr nhd. #is`d hviduis`
stia`d tis kir` t`ip pirighthr kipit
k`d`mit kidig [iahd *.
[i'h$ #is`d hviduis` stia`d`tis shk`iie gisjhr nhd
\irighthr;ethrvid ijtu mir`1
%) /& 2) &
J.& irei [6 [6 [6 [6
6iu [6 [6 [6 [6
p# ,% ,% ,% ,%
ijtu ghenhr`en ghe`t1 %/ %/ %2 %)
"iyi shair bg1 ),+ ),+ ),* ,(
I`sjcs`tis bp1 %&&& - - %&(&
J.; irei [6 [6 [6 [6
6iu [6 [6 [6 [6
p# ,2 ,/ ,/ ,/
ijtu ghenhr`en ghe`t1 %/ %/ %2 %"iyi shair bg1 ),) ),) ), ,/
I`sjcs`tis bp1 %&&2& - - **(&
J.;; irei [6 [6 [6 [6
6iu [6 [6 [6 [6
p# ,2 ,2 ,2 ,/
ijtu ghenhr`en ghe`t1 %/ %/ %/ %
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J.;;; irei [6 [6 [6 [6
6iu [6 [6 [6 [6
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ijtu ghenhr`en ghe`t1 %/ %/ %2 %
"iyi shair bg1 ),2 ),) ,/ ,)
I`sjcs`tis *2& - - *)(&
J.;I irei [6 [6 [6 [6
6iu [6 [6 [6 [6
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p# ,2 ,2 ,2 ,/
ijtu ghenhr`en ghe`t1 %/ %/ %) %
"iyi shair bg1 ),) ),+ ,) ,)
I`sjcs`tis bp1 *2& - - */&
=hthrienieB [6B [`kij thr>ik` phruaimie7
6 B [hr>ik` phruaimie
Mis!$ X2! @r!is! [hr1iki+ J&$!
R&-irh$iie
6hrkisirjie mis`d u>` `r`tis` yien
k`dijujie piki %( sujirhdiwie yien
k`dijujie khenie biri ghencdhsjie
shk`iie gisjhr nhd yien k`auit piki
jud`t dhenie aiwim ain`ie kidig
shdigi t`ni mir` ahrturut-turut,
gheue>ujjie aimwi shgui
sujirhdiwie ghgahr`jie mis d
ehnit`o thrmikip pirighthr rhijs`
`r`tis` yien k`igit` yi`tu ikieyi
jud`t ghrim, nitid-nitid, itiupue
ikieyi phgahenjijie. "ir` mis`d u>`
`r`tis` thrshaut kipit k`s`gpudjie
aimwi shk`iie gisjhr nhd yien
k`auit igie uetuj k`nueijie
[rienncec kie :it`oim, (&&+1. #is`d
u>` `r`tis` thrmikip jud`t sujirhdiwie
kipit k`d`mit piki [iahd %& ahr`jutB
[i'h$ >? #is`d u>` `r`tis` thrmikip jud`t sujirhdiwie
\he"i,iieR&-irh$iie
% ( / 2 ) + * %&
=hghrimie -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
$itid-nitid -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
6henjij -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
=hthrienie B O1 B t`kij ghen`r`tis`
Mis!$ \he"&2!ie I-!/!is Ie!4
in`en
\henu> ie ijt`v tis iet`-in`en
ghennueijie sj`e ieidyzhr !rigc,
pirighthr u>` ghd`put` phenujurie
jikir i`r Gc`sturh1, phenujurie
jhmidusie jud`t +vheehss1 kie ahsir
pcr` \crh1, phenujurie aieyijeyi
ecki spct1, phenujurie jhr`put
r`ejdh1 kie jhkidigie jhr`put
r`ejdhs .hptm). \henujurieijt v tis iet -in`en k`gudi` khenie
ghenujur jcek`s` jud`t sujirhdiwie
yien thdim k`p`d`m, mid `e` ahrtu>uie
uetuj a`si ghd`mit shahripi ahsir
phenirum gisjhr nhd hjstrij htiecd
kiue phpiyi yien k`nueijie kidig
ghgud`mjie jud`t yien ghenidig`
pheuiie k`e`.
Jikir i!r (Gc`sturh)
\hriwitie yien k`dijujie
gheue>ujjie ikieyi hohj phe`enjitie
jikir i`r jud`t sujirhdiwie shthdim
phgiji`ie gisjhr nhd. $rio`jphenirum phgiji`ie gisjhr nhd
thrmikip jikir i`r jud`t sujirhdiwie
shdigi hgpit g`ennu phriwitie kipit
k`d`mit piki $igair (.
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% ( / 2(&
/)
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% ( / 2(&
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Jikir i!r -&$! s&-irh$iie
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0$\
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phrahkiie ocrgudi
thrmikip jikir i`r jud t
sujirhdiwie.
"iti shdie>uteyi k`ieid s`skhenie u>` ece pirightr`j /rusjid
idd`s uetuj ghenhtimu` hohjt`v`tis
ocrgudi thrmikip jikir i`r jud t
sujirhdiwie kie k`phrcdhm e`di` p
&,&) yien gheue>ujjie ikieyi
phrahkiie hohjt`v`tis yien s`ne`o`jie
ietir ocrgudi kidig ghe`enjitjie
jikir i`r jud t sujirhdiwie. Letuj
ghenhtimu` ocrgudi giei yien
ahrahki giji k`dijujie u>` Giee-
m`tehy :`mit :igp`rie midigie%&&1. "ir` mis`d u> Giee-m`tehy
kipit k`s`gpudjie aimwi thrkipit
phrahkiie phe`enjitie jikir i`r
yien s`ne`o`jie ietiri adiejc -1
khenie adiejc C1, ocrgudi ;;;, kie
;I7 adiejc C1 khenie ocrgudi ;7
ocrgudi ; khenie ocrgudi ;;; kie
ocrgudi ;I e`di` p &,&)1.
Letuj ghenhtimu` phruaimie
jcek`s` jud`t shdigi wijtu
phriwitie, giji kiti shdie>uteyi k`ieid`s`s ghennueijie ujjie ikieyi phrahkiie
yien s`ne`o`jie shdigi wijtu
phriwitie. "iti jhguk`ie k`ieid`s`s
dha`m die>ut ghennueijie `dbcxce
thstkie k`phrcdhm e`di` p &,&) yien
gheue>ujjie aimwi phennueiie
gisjhr nhd ghgahr`jie phrahkiie
yien s`ne`o`jie thrmikip jcek`s`
jud`t.
=iekuenie i`r piki jud`t shmit
ikidim g`e`gid shahsir &' inir
jud`t thtip dhgaut, jheyid, bhrim,ghgiscj shd khenie eutr`s` yien
bujup shm`enni jud t thtip dhgaut
kie ahrouens` khenie ai`j 6hetdhy,
(&&1. Letuj ouens` o`s`cdcn`seyi
jud`t ghghrdujie dhgij kie i`r.
:ip`sie dhgij k` phrgujiie jud`t
kie aimie-aimie kidig stritug
jcrehug yien ahrs`oit m`nrcsjcp`s
kipit gheyhrip i`r kie ahriki kidig
muauenie yien ouens`ceid k`shaut
3iturid 0c`stur``en Jibtcr.=hgigpuie stritug jcrehug uetuj
ghen`jit i`r sienit phet`en ain`
odhjs`a`d`tis kie jhdheturie jud`t
[rienncec kie :it`oim, (&&+1. =ud`t
yien shmit ghg`d`j` b`r -b`r B t`kij
gukim gheyhrip i`r, dirutie, itiu
aheki pikit. =hgigpuie jud`t
kidig gheyhrip iascras`1 sienit
k`phenirum` cdhm ghtiacd sgh,
jhdhgaiaie kie jhthaidie jud t
"irgiwie, (&%/1.
Jh1i$&sie (Hvheehss)
"ir` kiti yien k`phrcdhm
kipit k`d mit aimwi jhdcgpcj
adiejc t`kij gheue>ujjie
phe`enjitie e`di` jhmidusie jud`t,
shkienjie jhdcgpcj sujirhdiwie
khenie phriwitie ghennueijie J ;,
J ;;, J ;;;, J ;I gheue>ujjie
phe`enjitie e`di` jhmidusie jud`t.
$rio`j phenirum phgiji`ie gisjhr
nhd thrmikip jhmidusie jud t
sujirhdiwie shdigi hgpit g`ennu
phriwitie kipit k`d`mit piki $igair
2. $rio`j gheue>ujjie aimwi t`kij
iki phenirum phe`enjitie jhmidusie
jud`t shbiri diensuen shthdim
phgiji`ie gisjhr nhd, thtip`
phe`enjitie jhmidusie jud`t thr>ik`
shbiri ahrtimip khenie phriwitie
ghennueijie gisjhr nhd.
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% ( / 2
&
2&
ujjie
aimwi phrahkiie ocrgudi
ghgphenirum` phe`enjitie
jhmidusie jud`t sujirhdiwie shdigi
hgpit g`ennu phriwitie, gisjhr nhd
ocrgudi ;I khenie jceshetris`
hjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi &,%+'
dha`m hohjt`o kidig ghenmidusjie
jud`t sujirhdiwie k`aiek`enjie
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khenie gisjhr nhd ocrgudi ;, ;;, ;;;.
"ir` nrio`j >uni kipit k`d`mit aimwi
gisjhr nhd Jcrgudi ;I dha`m hohjt`o
kir`piki gisjhr nhd phgaiek`en.
"iti yien k`phrcdhmgheue>ujjie aimwi phe`enjitie
jhmidusie jud t yien pid en t`enn`
k`tue>ujjie cdhm jhdcgpcj
sujirhdiwie khenie phriwitie
ghennueijie ocrgudi ;I khenie
jceshetris` hjstrij htiecd kiue
phpiyi &,%+'. "iti k`ieid`s`s
khenie u>` ece pirightr`j /rusjid
idd`s uetuj ghenhtimu` hohjt`v`tis
ocrgudi thrmikip jhmidusie jud`t
sujirhdiwie kie k`phrcdhm e`di` p&,&) yien gheue>ujjie ikieyi
phrahkiie yien s`ne`o`jie ietir
ocrgudi kidig ghe`enjitjie
jhmidusie jud`t sujirhdiwie. Letuj
ghenhtimu` ocrgudi giei yien
ahrahki giji kiti shdie>uteyi k`u>`
ghennueijie Giee-m`tehy% #is`d
u>`Giee-m`tehy kipit k`s`gpudjie
aimwi thrkipit phrahkiie
phe`enjitie jhmidusie jud`t yien
s`ne`o`jie ietiri adiejc -1 khenie
adiejc C1, ocrgudi ;;, ocrgudi ;;;,
kie ;I7 adiejc C1 khenie ocrgudi
;I7 ocrgudi ; khenie ocrgudi ;I7 kie
ocrgudi ;;; khenie ocrgudi ;I e`di`
p &,&)1.
#is`d u>` ujjie ikieyi phrahkiie
jhmidusie jud t yien s`ne`o`jie
shdigi wijtu phriwitie.5hdie>uteyi k`dijujie u>` `dbcxce
kie k`phrcdhm e`di` p &,&) piki siit
phriwitie g`ennu phrtigi, jhkui,
kie jht`ni yien gheue>ujjie aimwi
phennueiie gisjhr nhd ghgahr`jie
phrahkiie yien s`ne`o`jie thrmikip
jhmidusie jud`t kie piki phriwitie
g`ennu jhhgpit k`phrcdhm e di`
pY&,&) yien gheue>ujjie aimwi
t`kij ikieyi phrahkiie yiens`ne`o`jie siit shahdug kie shthdim
ipd`jis` gisjhr nhd.
=ud`t jhr`en kie jisir
ghrupijie tieki ugug yien
k`idig` siit jud`t ghenidig`
pheuiie k`e`. =ht`ji jud`t thrdidu
shr`en thrpipir cdhm s`eir gitimir`,
jcdinhe kie hdist`e yien ahriki
kidig dip`sie jud t ijie rusij,
shm`enni shd-shd git` yien
ahrtugpuj piki stritug jcrehuggheyhaiajie phrgujiie jud t
ghe>ik` jurien midus, ij`aiteyi
jud`t tigpij dha`m jisir 6cnikheti,
(&%(1. 5hdi`e `tu, jud`t >uni ijie
thrisi jisir, jusig kie ahrs`s`j
ij`ait gheurueeyi jhgigpuie jud`t
uetuj ghdhpisjie shd jud t yien
digi uetuj k`niet` khenie shd jud`t
yien airu is`iitgik>i, %**+1.
ujjie ikieyi hohj
phenhb`die pcr`-pcr` jud`t
sujirhdiwie shthdim phgiji`ie
gisjhr nhd. \henhb`die ujurie pcr`-
pcr` jud`t thr>ik` jirhei gisjhr nhd
kipit ghenienjit jctcrie kie shd-
shd jud`t git 6isuj`, (&&/1.
\heugpujie shd-shd jud t git
ghgauit pcr`-pcr jud`t tigpij
dha`m ahsir 3ccrg`ekmiwit`, (&%/1.
$rio`j phenirum phgiji`ie gisjhr
nhd thrmikip Ljurie pcr -pcr` jud`t
sujirhdiwie shdigi hgpit g`ennu
phriwitie kipit k`d`mit piki $igair
.
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% ( / 2
&
%)
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gisjhr nhd ocrgudi ;, ;;, kie ;;;.
0isjhr nhd yien gheniekuen
hjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi dha`m
hohjt`o kir`piki gisjhr nhd
phgaiek`en. #id `e` kipit thr>ik`jirhei hjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi
gheniekuen he`g yien ghgaietu
ghdirutjie kie ghenienjit shd-shd
jud`t git` 5urt`e`ens`m, (&&)1.
"iti
shdie>uteyi k`ieid`s`s khenie u>
/rusjid idd`skie k`phrcdhm e`di` p
&,&) yien gheue>ujjie aimwi
ikieyi phrahkiie yien s`ne`o jie
ietir ocrgudi kidig ghenhb djie
ujurie pcr` jud`t sujirhdiwie. "itishdie>uteyi k`u>` ghennueijie
Giee-m`tehy uetuj ghenhtimu`
ocrgudi giei yien ahrahki :`mit
:igp rie midigie %%(1. "ir` mis`d
u>`Giee-m`tehy kipit k`s`gpudjie
aimwi thrkipit phrahkiie yien
s`ne`o`jie ietiri adiejc -1 khenie
adiejc C1, ocrgudi ;;;, kie ocrgudi
;I e`di` p &,&)1.
"iti jhguk`ie k`ieid`s`s
ghennueijie ujjie ikieyi phrahkiie
phruaimie ujurie pcr` yien
s`ne`o`jie shdigi wijtu phriwitie.
5hdie>uteyi k`dijujie u>` `dbcxce
kie k`phrcdhm e di` p &,&) yien
gheue>ujjie aimwi ikieyi
phrahkiie yien s`ne`o`jie ietiri
shahdug kie shsukim ipd`jis` gisjhr
nhd. \hgahsirie pcr -pcr` >uni
thrji`t khenie pheuiie k`e`. !j`ait
pheugpujie shd-shd jud`t git`, pcr`-
pcr` jud`t ghe>ik` ghgahsir
3ccrg`ekmiwit`, (&%/1.
\hgahsirie pcr`-pcr` kipit
k`jurien` khenie phenhdupisie jud`t
shbiri thritur. 5hdi`e k`shaiajie cdhm
ahrtigaimeyi us`i yien ghgauit
pcr`-pcr` ghe>ik` dha`m ahsir jirhei
shgij`e ahrjurieneyi hdist s`tis
jud`t >uni k`jirheijie shr eneyi
thrjhei s`eir gitimir` shbiri thrus
ghehrus shm`enni shd-shd jud`t git`
gheugpuj. 6ieyijeyi ijt`o`tis
yien gheyhaiajie phe`enjitie sumutuaum >uni kipit ghgauit ujurie
pcr` ghgahsir 6cnikheti, (&%(1.
Ljurie pcr yien ahsir rhetie
thrmikip phehgphdie khau kie it-
it phenctcr di`e yien kipit
gheyugait pcr`-pcr` shm`enni kipit
gheyhaiajie thrahetujeyi bcghkc
`acwc, (&&)1
ujjie t`kij ikieyi
pheurueie >ugdim ahrbij ecki
shbiri diensuen, thtip` pheurueie
>ugdim ahrbij ecki thr>ik` shbiri
ahrtimip shthdim phriwitie khenie
gisjhr nhd hjstrij htiecd kiue
phpiyi sht`ip g`ennueyi.
5ujirhdiwie jhdcgpcj adiejc t`kij
gheue>ujjie phenurienie >ugdim
ahrbij ecki yien bujup ahsir.$rio`j phenirum phgiji`ie gisjhr
nhd thrmikip >ugdim ecki jud t
sujirhdiwie shdigi hgpit g`ennu
phriwitie kipit k`d`mit piki nigair
. \henurienie >ugdim ahrbij ecki
yien bujup ahsir k`tue>ujjie cdhm
jhdcgpcj sujirhdiwie khenie
phriwitie ghennueijie ocrgudi ;,
;;, ;;;, kie ;I. $rio`j phenirum
phrahkiie ocrgudi thrmikip >ugdim
ecki jud`t sujirhdiwie shdigi hgpit
g`ennu phriwitie kipit k`d`mit piki
$igair *.
"iti yien k`phrcdhm
shdie>uteyi k`ieid s`s ghennueijie
/rusjid idd`s thst kie k`phrcdhm
e`di` p &,&) yien gheue>ujjie
aimwi ikieyi phrahkiie yien
s`ne o`jie ietir ocrgudi kidig
ghenurien` ahrbij-ahrbij ecki piki
jud t sujirhdiwie. =hguk`ie kiti
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k`u> ghennueijie Giee-m`tehy
uetuj ghenhtimu` ocrgudi giei
yien ahrahki :`mit :igp`rie
midigie %%1. "ir` mis`d u>` Giee-
m`tehy kipit k`s`gpudjie aimwi
thrkipit phrahkiie yien s`ne`o`jie
ietiri adiejc -1 khenie ocrgudi ;;,
ocrgudi ;;;, kie ocrgudi ;I7 shrti
ocrgudi ; khenie ocrgudi ;;; kie
ocrgudi ;I e`di` p &,&)1.
% ( / 2
&
2&
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kie ;I dha`m hohjt`o kidig
gheuruejie >ugdim ahrbij ecki
k`aiek`enjie khenie gisjhr nhd
jhdcgpcj ocrgudi J ;, J ;;, kie
gisjhr nhd phgaiek`en."iti pheurueie aieyijeyi
ahrbij-ahrbij m`tig shdigi hgpit
g`ennu phriwitie jhguk`ie
k`ieid s`s ghennueijie ujjie ikieyi phrahkiie
yien s`ne`o`jie shdigi wijtu
phriwitie. 5hdie>uteyi k`dijujie u>`
`dbcxce kie k`phrcdhm e`di` p &,&)
yien gheue>ujjie aimwi ikieyi
phrahkiie yien s`ne`o`jie ietirishahdug kie shsukim ipd`jis` gisjhr
nhd piki g`ennu phrtigi, jhkui, kie
jht`ni. 5hkienjie piki g`ennu
jhhgpit, k`phrcdhm e di` pY &,&)
yien gheue>ujjie aimwi t`kij iki
phrahkiie yien s`ne`o`jie ietiri
shahdug kie shthdim ipd`jis` gisjhr
nhd.
0udyiwie kie 5ur`iei
(&%/1 gheyhautjie aimwi ahrbij-
ahrbij m`tig m`phrp`nghetis`1 a`si
guebud piki jud`t yien gudi` gheui
giupue jud`t yien ahdug tui cdhm
ahraini` pheyhaia. \iki ugugeyi
ahrbij-ahrbij m`tig `e` guebud piki
ain`ie tuaum yien shr`en thrpipir
s`eir gitimir` 6cnikheti, (&%(1.
5hgij`e digi jud t thrpipir s`eirgitimir`, gheyhaiajie
phgahetujie ghdie`e jud`t shgij`e
ijt`o kie ghe`gaudjie ahrbij-
ahrbij ecki ahrwirei bcjdit piki
jud`t. 6hrbij-ahrbij ecki kipit
guebud k` ahahripi irhi jud t,
shphrt` jud`t tienie, puennuen, kie
wi>im 5ugiryit`, (&%(1.
Jhr!+& (^r`ejdh)
\hriwitie yien k`dijujiegheue>ujjie aimwi t`kij ikieyi
phenirum phgiji`ie gisjhr nhd
shbiri diensuen thrmikip >ugdim
jhr`put jud`t sujirhdiwie, thtip`
phenurienie >ugdim jhr`put thr>ik`
shbiri ahrtimip shthdim phriwitie
ghennueijie gisjhr nhd hjstrij
htiecd kiue phpiyi sht`ip
g`ennueyi. $rio`j phenirum
phgiji`ie gisjhr nhd thrmikip
>ugdim jhr`put jud`t sujirhdiwieshdigi hgpit g`ennu phriwitie
kipit k`d`mit piki $igair %&.
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% ( / 2
&
2&
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% ( / 2
&
(&
2&
&,$i1 -h r!+&
6diejc J; J;; J;;; J;I
0$\
Li-& (G!e""&)
&,$i1 -h r!+&
$igair %% $rio`j phenirum
phrahkiie ocrgudi
thrmikip >ugdim jhr`put
jud`t sujirhdiwie
"iti yien k`phrcdhm shdie>uteyi
k`ieid`s`s ghennueijie =rusjid
idd`s thst kie k`phrcdhm e di` pY
&,&) yien gheue>ujjie aimwi t`kij
iki phrahkiie yien s`ne`o`jie ietir
ocrgudi kidig ghenurien` jhr`put
piki jud`t sujirhdiwie. =hguk`ie
kiti k`u>` ghennueijie 0iee-
m`tehy uetuj ghenhtimu` ocrgudi
giei yien ahrahki :`mit :igp`rie
midigie %(21. "ir` mis`d u>` 0iee-m tehy kipit k`s`gpudjie aimwi
thrkipit phrahkiie yien s`ne`o`jie
ietiri adiejc -1 khenie ocrgudi ;,
ocrgudi ;;, ocrgudi ;;;, kie ocrgudi
;I e`di` p &,&)1.
\hruaimie aieyijeyi jhr put
piki jud`t shdigi hgpit g`ennu
phriwitie k`ieid`s`s ghennueijie
Jr`hkgie thst kie k`phrcdhm e di`
p&,&) yien gheue>ujjie ikieyiphrahkiie yien s`ne`o`jie shdigi
wijtu phriwitie. 5hdie>uteyi
k`ieid s`s ghennueijie dbcxce
thst kie k`phrcdhm e`di` pY &,&) yien
gheue>ujjie aimwi t`kij ikieyi
phrahkiie phenurienie >ugdim
jhr`put yien s`ne`o`jie ietiri
shahdug kie shsukim ipd`jis` gisjhr
nhd.
Jhki$i,ie -hr!+& (^r`ejdhsKhptm )
\hriwitie yien k`dijujie
gheue>ujjie phenirum phennueiie
gisjhr nhd t`kij shbiri diensuen
ghgphrd`mitjie phenurienie
jhkidigie jhr`put jud`t sujirhdiwie,
thtip` phenurienie jhkidigie
jhr`put thr>ik` shbiri ahrtimip
shthdim phriwitie ghennueijie
gisjhr nhd hjstrij htiecd kiue
phpiyi. $rio`j phenirum phgiji`iegisjhr nhd thrmikip jhkidigie
jhr`put jud`t sujirhdiwie shdigi
hgpit g`ennu phriwitie kipit
k`d`mit piki nigair %(.
% 2
&
&.2
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% 2
&
&.2
Or,&$i @@@
Li-& (G!e""&)
Jhki$i,ie Jhr!+& (,, )
%
&
&.2
Or,&$i @_
Li-& (G!e""&)
Jhki$i,ie Jhr!+& (,,)
% 2
&
&.2
Gis-hr "h$ +h,'iek!e"
Li-& (G!e""&)
Jhki$i,ie Jhr!+& (,, )
Ni,'ir >0 $rio`j phenirum phgiji`ie gisjhr nhd thrmikip jhkidigie
jhr`put jud`t sujirhdiwie
5hdigi hgpit g`ennu phriwitie,
phenurienie jhkidigie jhr`put
pid`en t`enn` thr>ik` piki jhdcgpcj
sujirhdiwie khenie phriwitie
ghennueijie ocrgudi ;I khenie
jceshetris` hjstrij htiecd kiue
phpiyi &,%+'. "ir` mis`d yien
k`phrcdhm kipit k`d`mit aimwiphriwitie khenie ghennueijie
ocrgudi ;I dha`m hohjt o kidig
ghenurien` jhkidigie jhr`put jud`t
sujirhdiwie kir`piki phriwitie
khenie ghennueijie gisjhr nhd
phgaiek`en. $rio`j phenirum
phrahkiie ocrgudi thrmikip
jhkidigie jhr`put jud`t sujirhdiwie
shdigi hgpit g`ennu phriwitie
kipit k`d`mit piki nigair %/.
% ( /
&
&.(
&.2
Jhki$i,ie - hr!+&
6diejc J; J;; J;;; J;
0$\
Li-& (G!e""&)
Jhki$i,ie Jhr!+& (,, )
Ni,'ir >6 $rio`j phenirum
phrahkiie ocrgudi thrmikip
jhkidigie jhr`put jud`t sujirhdiwie
"iti yien k`phrcdhm shdie>uteyi
k`ieid`s`s ghennueijie =rusjid
idd`s thst kie k`phrcdhm e`di` p
&,&) yien gheue>ujjie aimwi iki
phrahkiie yien s`ne`o`jie ietirocrgudi kidig ghenurien`
jhkidigie jhr put piki jud t
sujirhdiwie. =hguk`ie kiti k`u>`
ghennueijie 0iee-m`tehy uetuj
ghenhtimu` ocrgudi giei yien
ahrahki. "ir` mis`d u>` 0iee-
m tehy kipit k`s`gpudjie aimwi
thrkipit phrahkiie yien s`ne`o`jie
ietiri adiejc -1 khenie adiejc C1,
ocrgudi ;;, ocrgudi ;;;, kie ocrgudi
;I7 adiejc C1 khenie ocrgudi ;I7ocrgudi ; khenie ocrgudi ;I7
ocrgudi ;; khenie ocrgudi ;I7 kie
ocrgudi ;;; khenie ocrgudi ;I e`di`
p &,&)1.
\hruaimie jhkidigie jhr`put
piki jud`t shdigi hgpit g`ennu
phriwitie shdie>uteyi k`ieid`s`s
ghennueijie Jr`hkgie thst kie
k`phrcdhm e`di` p&,&) yien
gheue>ujjie ikieyi phrahkiie
yien s`ne`o`jie shdigi wijtu
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phriwitie. =hguk`ie k`die>utjie
khenie ghennueijie `dbcxce thst
kie k`phrcdhm e di` p &,&) yien
gheue>ujjie aimwi ikieyi
phrahkiie phenurienie jhkidigiejhr`put yien s`ne`o`jie ietiri
shahdug kie shsukim ipd`jis` gisjhr
nhd.
=ud t thrus ghehrus thrpipir
rik`jid ahais yien gheyhaiajie
jhrusijie "3!, prcth`e, kie
ghgarie jhritcecs`t, shm`enni
thr>ik` pheuiie k`e` shd-shd jud`t.
=ht`ji thrpi>ie s`eir udtriv`cdht, jud`t
ghenidig` phruaimie yien
ghenij`aitjie pheuiie jud`t k`shrti`khenie jhrutie kie pheurueie
hdist`s`tis jud`t \cu`ddct, ht id.,
(&%%1.
5`eir udtriv`cdht kidig wijtu
pie>ien ijie ghe`gaudjie hohj
jhrusijie jud`t, jud`t gudi` ghdcrct,
ghrhennien kie jhm`dienie
jhgigpuieeyi uetuj jhgaid jh
thgpiteyi shthdim phrhennienie
"irgiwie, (&%/1. =cek`s` `e`
k`shaiajie cdhm gheurueeyi ouens`
jcdinhe kie hdist`e piki jud t,
m`enni jud`t thrd`mit ghrcsct kie
jhm`dienie hdist`s`tiseyi
6cnikheti, (&%(1.
Mis!$ Iei$!s!s e!$i! @B8?(@em`a`tcry
Bcebhetrit`ce) Rhk!iie Gis-hr
Nh$
\henujurie ijt`v`tis
iet`cjs`kie shk`iie gisjhr nhd
ahrtu>uie uetuj ghenhtimu` ijt`v`tis
iet`cjs`kie sht`ip ocrgudi shk`iie,
shkienjie phenujurie ijt`v tis
iet`cjs`kie shk`iie gisjhr nhd
shthdim phey`gpieie shdigi & mir`
ahrtu>uie uetuj ghenhtimu`
jhtimieie ijt`v tis iet`cjs`kie
shdigi phey`gpieie.
#is`d \henujurie ijt`v`tis
iet`cjs`kie shk`iie gisjhr nhd kipit
k`d`mit piki $igair /. kie [iahd
/.% ahr`jutB
Jcrg
udi;
Jcrg
udi;;
Jcrg
udi;;
;
Jcrg
udi;I
ik` jirhei
ikieyi phenirum kir` ais`s kidig
shk`iie gisjhr nhd yien gheir`j
shain`ie hjstrij. 5hdi`e `tu, kir`
tiahd k`itis kipit k`jhtimu` aimwi
wijtu phey`gpieie ahrphenirum
thrmikip ijt`v`tis iet`cjs`kie
shk`iie. !jt v`tis iet`cjs kie
gheurue shdigi phey`gpieie &
mir`. 0heurueeyi ijt`v`tis
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iet`cjs`kie shthdim phey`gpieie
kipit k`phenirum` cdhm oijtcr
d`enjuenie, g`sideyi bimiyi yien
kipit gheyhaiajie prcshs cjs`kis`
yien kipit gheuruejie ijt`v`tisiet`cjs`kie shk`iie. =hguk`ie biri
phenhgisie kipit >uni ahrphenirum
thrmikip pheurueie ijt`v`tis
iet`cjs`kie. 9iri phenhgisie yien
jurien ai`j ghgauit shk`iie dha`m
aieyij jcetij khenie d`enjuenie,
shm`enni kipit gheuruejie ijt`v`tis
iet`cjs`kie shk`iie.
JHR@G\XDIE KIE RIQIE
Jhs!,+&$ie
6hrkisirjie mis`d phehd`t`ie
ocrgudis shk`iie gisjhr nhd
iet`cjs`kie hjstrij htiecd kiue
phpiyi 9ir`bi pipiyi :.1 k`phrcdhm
mis`d shaini` ahr`jutB
%. \henujurie ijt`v`tis iet`cjs`kie
hjstrij shbiri `e v trc khenie
ghennueijie ghtckh phrhkigie"\\# gheue>ujjie aimwi
hjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi
ghg`d`j` e`di` ;9)& shahsir ,*%
ppg ijt`v`tis iet`cjs`kie t`enn`1.
"ir` mis`d phenu>`ie `e` k`jhtimu`
aimwi hjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi
ghg`d`j` ijt`v`tis shbiri `e v`trc.
(. Hjstrij htiecd kiue phpiyi kipit
k`ocrgudis jie kidig ahetuj
shk`iie gisjhr nhd shaini` iet`-
in`en yien stia`d, kie igiekidig phennueiieeyi.
/. 5hk`iie gisjhr nhd yien k`auit
kidig 2 ocrgudi yien k`ahkijie
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