Formulated feed development for common octopus (Octopus ... · TEMPERATURE VALUES FOR OCTOPUS:...

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Formulated feed development for common octopus (Octopus vulgaris). Jesus Cerezo Valverde Formulated feeds have been recently developed that are acceptable to octopus with good growth rates and feed efficiency. It was deduced that such feeds should be stable in water and with a firm and homogenous (non-granular) texture, have a degree of flexibility so as not to disaggregate during manipulation. Also, the presence of chemical substances that might lead to rejection had to be avoided. Fish, crustacean or mollusc paste mixed with different binders (alginates or gelatines) gave a moist feed (>70% water) with a texture that was suitable for manipulation and ingestion. Semi-moist feeds (41-54 % water) include approximately similar parts of water and dry ingredients (meals or freeze-dried or protein concentrates). Also include binder such as gelatine, starch or gums. Specific growth rates were between 0.4-1.4 % body weight/day. Noteworthy is the high feed efficiency rates obtained with semi-moist feeds (80-116% of the food consumed). Our results suggest that efforts should be aimed towards improving intake, by optimizing textures or including attractants, as well as improving nutritional composition. In this sense, studies on short-term starvation and exhaustive studies on the biochemistry of cephalopods and their natural diets are helping us in understanding nutritional requirements for cephalopods.

Transcript of Formulated feed development for common octopus (Octopus ... · TEMPERATURE VALUES FOR OCTOPUS:...

Page 1: Formulated feed development for common octopus (Octopus ... · TEMPERATURE VALUES FOR OCTOPUS: GROWTH Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario-10-5

Formulated feed development for common octopus (Octopus vulgaris).

Jesus Cerezo Valverde

Formulated feeds have been recently developed that are acceptable to octopus with good

growth rates and feed efficiency. It was deduced that such feeds should be stable in

water and with a firm and homogenous (non-granular) texture, have a degree of

flexibility so as not to disaggregate during manipulation. Also, the presence of chemical

substances that might lead to rejection had to be avoided. Fish, crustacean or mollusc

paste mixed with different binders (alginates or gelatines) gave a moist feed (>70%

water) with a texture that was suitable for manipulation and ingestion. Semi-moist feeds

(41-54 % water) include approximately similar parts of water and dry ingredients (meals

or freeze-dried or protein concentrates). Also include binder such as gelatine, starch or

gums. Specific growth rates were between 0.4-1.4 % body weight/day. Noteworthy is

the high feed efficiency rates obtained with semi-moist feeds (80-116% of the food

consumed). Our results suggest that efforts should be aimed towards improving intake,

by optimizing textures or including attractants, as well as improving nutritional

composition. In this sense, studies on short-term starvation and exhaustive studies on

the biochemistry of cephalopods and their natural diets are helping us in understanding

nutritional requirements for cephalopods.

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Optimal water quality parameters for

common octopus (Octopus vulgaris

Cuvier, 1797) maintenance.

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1. Temperature

2. Oxygen Levels

3. Water flow rates

4. Nitrogen compounds

5. Salinity

COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)

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TEMPERATURE VALUES FOR OCTOPUS: GROWTHInstituto Murciano de Investigación y

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-10

-5

0

5

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15

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10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

TEMPERATURE (ºC)AB

SO

LU

TE

GR

OW

TH

R

AT

ES

(g

/da

y) Boga

Cangrejo

Topt Growth =17.5ºC

Aguado Giménez, F. & García García, B. (2002). Growth and food intake models in Octopus vulgaris

Cuvier (1797): influence of body weight, temperature, sex and diet. Aquacult. Int. 10: 361-377

Maximum Growth Rates: 17-19ºC

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TEMPERATURE VALUES FOR OCTOPUS: SURVIVAL (TANKS)Instituto Murciano de Investigación y

Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario

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0

2

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18

Ene. Feb. Mar. Abr. May. Jun. Jul. Ago. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

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(%

)

0

5

10

15

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25

30

Te

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ture

(ºC

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Boga Cangrejo Temperatura

Tmáx Cultivo = 22ºC

Aguado Giménez, F. & García García, B. (2002). Growth and food intake models in Octopus vulgaris

Cuvier (1797): influence of body weight, temperature, sex and diet. Aquacult. Int. 10: 361-377

COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)

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TEMPERATURE VALUES FOR OCTOPUS: SURVIVAL

(OFF-SHORE SEACAGES)

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García García, B., Cerezo Valverde, J., Aguado-Gimenez, F., García García, J., Hernandez, M.D. Growth

and mortality of common octopus Octopus vulgaris reared at different stocking densities in

Mediterranean offshore cages. Aquacult. Res., 40: 1202-1212.

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Suitable dissolved oxygen levels for octopusInstituto Murciano de Investigación y

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1. Depending on Temperature and Body Weight

2. Oxygen saturation levels for O. vulgaris:

OXYGEN SATURATION (%)

T (ºC) 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10

16

19

22

25

28

OPTIMAL

SUB-OPTIMAL

LETHAL

DANGEROUS

Values estimated for a 500-g body weight animal at different temperatures

Cerezo Valverde, J. & García García, B., 2005. Suitable dissolved oxygen levels for common octopus

(Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797) at different weights and temperatures. Aquaculture, 244: 303-314.

-Optimal: Vf and MO2 are not disturbed;

-Sub-optimal: Vf is disturbed but not MO2;

-Dangerous: both Vf and MO2 values are disturbed;

-Lethal: Vf stopped for 60 s.

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0

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Temperatura (ºC)

mg

O2

/l

O2 Ent. O2 Sal. O2 Disp.

100%

55% 65%

75%85%

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Instituto Murciano de Investigación y

Desarrollo Agrario y AlimentarioWATER FLOW RATES FOR OCTOPUS:

TEMPERATURE & BODY WEIGHT

Cerezo Valverde, J. & García García, B. (2004). Influence of body weight and temperature on post-prandial

oxygen consumption of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris).(2005/Aquaculture, 244: 303-314)

COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)

Mean Daily Flow Rates with Feeding at different temperatures and body weight

(litres/kg/hour)

0

50

100

150

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0 1 2 3 4

Peso corporal (Kg)

Q (

l/K

g p

ulp

o/h

)

15

18

21

24

TºC

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Instituto Murciano de Investigación y

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0

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WATER FLOW RATES FOR OCTOPUS: FEEDING

COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)

QR = Mean Daily Flow Rates (Starvation-Routine Status)

QMD = Mean Daily Flow Rates with Feeding

QMAX = Maximum Flow Rates to cover maximum peak post-feeding

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TO

TA

L A

MM

ON

IA N

ITR

OG

EN

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g/L

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Hours

Critical concentration

20.0

0.1

<0.1

<1.00

Aquaculture

Research

Purposes

(Subadults-Adults)

N-NO3- (mg/L)

N-NO2- (mg/L)

N-NH3 (mg/L)

TAN (N-NH4+ + N-NH3) (mg/L)

NITROGEN COMPOUNDS

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Instituto Murciano de Investigación y

Desarrollo Agrario y AlimentarioNITROGEN COMPOUNDS

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COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)Instituto Murciano de Investigación y

Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario

Instituto Murciano de Investigación y

Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario

García García B., Cerezo Valverde J., Gómez E., Hernández M.D., Aguado-Giménez, F. (2011). Ammonia

excretion of octopus (Octopus vulgaris) in relation to body weight and protein intake. Aquaculture 319:

162-167.

NITROGEN COMPOUNDS: AMMONIA EXCRETION

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COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)Instituto Murciano de Investigación y

Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario

Instituto Murciano de Investigación y

Desarrollo Agrario y AlimentarioSALINITY VALUES FOR OCTOPUS

-PERSONAL OBSERVATION (IMIDA): Abrupt changes in salinity

(37 to 34 gr/L on the same day) cause massive escapes.

-CHAPELA et al. (2006), Rías Galicia: High mortality below 32 gr/L

-DELGADO et al. (2011), IRTA: No differences in growth or

survival in a range of 29-34 gr/L