FORMULA HYBRID CAR

PRESENTED BY :-

DIVYA KUMAR GUPTA

What does hybrid car mean ???

• It means that the vehicle combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion system with an electric propulsion system.

• 3 possible drivetrains are possible in hybrid system : Series hybrid Parallel hybrid Series/Parallel hybrid

SERIES HYBRID

• In it, the electric motor is the only means of providing power to get your wheels turning. The motor receives electric power from either the battery pack or from a generator run by a gasoline engine.

PARALLEL HYBRID

• With it both the engine and the electric motor generate the power that drives the wheels.

• Parallel hybrids can use a smaller battery pack and therefore rely mainly on regenerative braking to keep it recharged.

SERIES/PARALLEL HYBRID

• By combining both series and parallel designs, the engine can both drive the wheels directly (as in the parallel drivetrain) and be effectively disconnected from the wheels so that only the electric motor powers the wheels (as in the series drivetrain).

CAR’S ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

• The car's electrical system can be broken up into two major parts :-

1. High Voltage System2. Low Voltage System --- LV System consist of shutdown circuit of car which includes safety systems that help keep the driver and those around the car free from harm.

HV SYSTEM

• The high voltage system includes the primary propulsion components of the car, which consists mainly of the Motor, Controller and their connection to the batteries.

• The motor is an Axial Flux permanent-magnet DC motor.• For batteries two Lithium-ion "Z-force" packs are used. The benefits of Lithium ion batteries include a low self-discharge rate, high energy density, high power density, and a high level of safety.• To give the driver control of the motor beyond “Off” and “Full Blast”, we

made use of a standard motor controller. The controller’s output is manipulated by changing the resistance of an adjustable 0-5kOhm

resistor called the “Throttle Potentiometer”.• The primary relays disable and enable current flow from the batteries to

the motor controller.

LV SYSTEM

• The low voltage system operates and controls many of the devices that can shut down the car, as well as the indicator lights, brake light, and the battery charger ventilation fan.

• To prevent damage to our Low Voltage system in case of a short circuit, we used a standard 5A automotive blade fuse in a fuse holder.

• The next major part of the LV system is a chain of safety devices connected in series, there safety devices are collectively referred to as the “Safety Latch System”. This chain includes the Big Red Buttons, the Brake Over-travel Switch, and the Dashboard Switch.• The brake over-travel switch is triggered in case the brakes fail.• For the sake of basic safety, our vehicle requires a generic LED brake light

to alert the drivers behind us that our vehicle is slowing down or stopping.

SHUTDOWN CIRCUIT• The shutdown circuit consists of series of switches/relays in series with the

24V supply which powers the HV contactors. When any of the switches/relays is open along the 24V line the power supply to the contactors is cut off and the discharge circuit is activated. Thus the HV Battery is isolated and the tractive system is de-energized.

1. INSULATION MONITORING DEVICE (IMD) : It monitors the insulation resistance between the insulated and active HV- conductors of the electrical drive system and the reference earth (vehicle mass/chassis ground).

2. INERTIA SWITCH : It shuts down the power to HV contactors upon vehicle impact, reducing the risk of fire and electrical shock in post-crash situations.

3. BRAKE SYSTEM PLAUSIBILITY DEVICE : Brake plausibility device opens the power supply to the contactors in case of detection.

4. MAIN MASTER SWITCH (TSMS) : The Main Master Switch activates the BMS, and when all other switches are in their normal positions it activates the pre - charge circuit and thus the HV system is connected to the accumulator.

5. SHUTDOWN BUTTONS : When any of the shutdown buttons is open the safety circuit is activated. The switch is a push pull switch which opens when pushed.

6. BOT : The brake over - travel switch is activated in the event of brake failure. The switch is a push pull switch which opens when pushed.

7. HV DISCONNECT (HVD) : It ensures the opening of the main contactors if the auxiliary contact is opened. It disconnects both positive and negative wire between the accumulator and motor controller.

THANK YOUAND

HAVE A NICE DAY !!!