FORMS OF FORMS OF GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Objectives of the lesson:Objectives of the lesson:

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

1. Discuss the importance of government.

2. Classify the different forms of the government.

3. Compare and contrast the different classifications of government.

RationaleRationale

Aristotle had a strong belief that citizens should be educated in a manner that moulds their minds to suit the form of government under which he or she lives, meaning that every government developed its own individual character and the better the character the better the government. Hence, one of things that is imperative for us to understand is the government.

It is important to teach the college student about the government so they begin the process of becoming informed citizens. Government is a huge part of social studies and history. Many historical events have happened due to what political people have said or done, so it is important for them to know their roles.

The unit is going to be partially instructor directed and also the students will be exploring the issues further based on personal interest. Students will be encouraged to question and explore why the government runs the way that it does.

The lesson, therefore, tries to discuss the relevance of having a government, its powers, functions and responsibilities, and its different classification as well.

The term government is derived from the Latin word “gubernare” or “gubernaculum” meaning to rudder or steer.

According to Professors Ayson and Reyes, the government of the state is at the very center of politics.

Government – refers to the agency through which the will of the people is formulated, expressed and carried out.

One of the four essential elements of the state.

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

Forms of GovernmentForms of GovernmentHow can we classify governments?

How are systems of government defined in terms of who can participate?

How is power distributed within a state?

How are governments defined by the relationship between the legislative and executive branches?

Classifying GovernmentsClassifying Governments

Governments can be classified by three different standards.

1. As to the number of persons exercising sovereign powers.

2. As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government. The geographic distribution of governmental power within the state.

3. As to the relationship between the executive and legislative branches of government.

Forms of GovernmentForms of GovernmentAbsolute

MonarchyLimited MonarchyAristocracy/

OligarchyDirect DemocracyIndirect/

Representative Democracy

Unitary ConfederationFederalParliamentaryPresidential

As to the number of persons exercising As to the number of persons exercising sovereign powers.sovereign powers.

MonarchyAristocracy/OligarchyDictatorshipDemocracy

MonarchyMonarchy

The powers are vested in the hands of a single person without regard to the source of his election or the nature of the duration of his tenure.

Governance of a king, queen, emperor, sultan, emir

Classification of Classification of MonarchyMonarchy

1. Absolute Monarchy

2.Constitutional/limited Monarchy

Absolute MonarchyAbsolute Monarchy

This is a country where kings and queens are born into ruling families.

The ruler rules in accordance with the divine right.

Their power is inherited and unlimited.

Haji Hassanal Bolkiah

Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah 

29th Sultan of Brunei

Countries: Saudi Arabia, Brunei,

Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain

Constitutional /Limited Constitutional /Limited MonarchyMonarchy

This is a type of limited government where there is a king or queen but their power is limited by laws and the people elect representatives to a parliament or congress.

The ruler rules in accordance with the constitution.

Elizabeth II Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 16 commonwealth realms and other 54 commonwealth of nations

Countries:Malaysia, Thailand, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Sweden, Monaco

Aristocracy / OligarchyAristocracy / Oligarchy

the political power resides in, and is exercised by, a special and usually small class of persons whose privilege arises from birth, wealth, superior wisdom or priestly title.

House of Lords (Upper House) of the Parliament United Kingdom

PeeragePeerage

The peerage is a legal system of largely hereditary titles in the United Kingdom, which is constituted by the ranks of British nobility and is part of the British honours system.

Ranks of PeerageRanks of PeeragePeerages Male Female

Dukedom Duke Duchess

Marquessate Marquess Marchioness

Earldom Earl Countess

Viscountcy Viscount Viscountess

Barony Baron Baroness

Baronetcy Baronet(Knight)

Baronetess(Dame)

DictatorshipDictatorshipThis is a country ruled by a single leader.

The leader has not been elected and may use force to keep control.

Autocracy is a government in which a single person holds unlimited political power

In a military dictatorship, the army is in control.

KIM JONG-UNSupreme Leader of

North Korea

Countries:Cuba, North Korea,

Vietnam, Mynmar,

DemocracyDemocracy

In democracy, the supreme political authority rest with the people.

Types of DemocracyTypes of Democracy

1. Absolute or Direct Democracy

2. Indirect, Representative Democracy, Republicanism

Direct DemocracyDirect DemocracyThis is a form of limited government

where the people govern themselves directly—voting individually on issues.

Indirect, representative Indirect, representative or republican democracy or republican democracy

In a representative democracy, the government is elected by the people. Everyone who is eligible to vote has a chance to have their say over who runs the country. They elect representatives who then make and enforce the laws.

Barack Hussein Obama II

44th President United States of

America

Countries:Philippines, USA,

Singapore

As to extent of powers exercised by the As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government. As to extent central or national government. As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national of powers exercised by the central or national government. The geographic distribution of government. The geographic distribution of governmental power within the state.governmental power within the state.

Unitary GovernmentConfederation GovernmentFederal Government

Classification by Geographic Classification by Geographic Distribution of PowerDistribution of PowerUnitary Government has all powers

held by a single central agency

Confederation Government is an alliance of independent states.

Federal Government is one in which the powers of government are divided between a central government and several local government.

Unitary GovernmentUnitary Government-has all powers held by a

single central agency

Executive Power – held by the Philippine president

Legislative Power – Congress of the Philippines

House of Senate (Upper House)

House of Representative (Lower House)

Confideration GovernmentConfideration Government-is an alliance of independent states.

United Arab Emirates (UAE)

is a confederation of seven emirates (equivalent to principalities), each governed by a hereditary emir, who choose one of their members to be the president of the federation

Federal GovernmentFederal Governmentis one in which the powers of

government are divided between a central government and several local government.

United States of America is federal states

As to the relationship between the As to the relationship between the executive and legislative branches of executive and legislative branches of government.government.

Parliamentary GovernmentPresidential Government

Classification by the Relationship Classification by the Relationship Between Legislative and Executive Between Legislative and Executive BranchesBranches

The Presidential Relationship

Voters elect the legislature and the chief executive who is part of Executive Branch.

The legislature and executive are independent and co-equal.

System of Checks and Balance

The Parliamentary Relationship

Voters elect the legislature.

The chief executive is drawn from the legislature.

Parliamentary Parliamentary GovernmentGovernmentIt is the system in which the real

executive – the cabinet or ministry – is immediately and legally responsible to the legislature or one branch of it for its legislative and administrative acts.

merger of the executive and legislative department).

Presidential Presidential GovernmentGovernment

The president is the chief executive. The head of the state and government.

President Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III

Parliamentary Parliamentary GovernmentGovernment

Prime Minister is a member of the executive and legislative branch

The head of the Parliament who is also the head of the government

The monarch/ruler is the head of the state (ceremonial by nature)

Parliament of the United kingdom

House of Lords (Upper House)House of Commons

(Lower House)

David CameroonPrime Minister of

the United Kingdom

Countries:

Malaysia, Netherlands, Denmark, UK, Russia, Japan

Philippine Philippine GovernmentGovernment

What is the form, structure What is the form, structure and system of the Philippine and system of the Philippine Government?Government?

Form:Structure:System:

RepublicanUnitaryPresidential