Formatting Output

Escape Sequences iomanip.h Objects

setw() setiosflags(…) setprecision()

Output cout

The object cout is used to direct data to the ststandard output device, usually the monitor.

predefined stream object in iostream library used with insertion operator <<

*

Output cout

Syntax: cout << ExprOrString;

Read << as “put to”.

cout << 24;

cout << ‘y’;

cout << “Hello”;

*

Output cout

Syntax: cout << ExprOrString;

cout << “The answer to question “;

cout << qu_num;

cout << “ is “;

cout << 1.5 * pay_rate;

*

Output cout

Syntax: cout << ExprOrString << ExprOrString;

Each appends data to the stream.

cout << “Num1 * num2 is “ << num1*num2;

OUTPUT

Num1 * num2 is 110

* *

space

Output cout

Syntax: cout << ExprOrString << ExprOrString;

Each appends data to the stream.

cout << “Num =“ << 35.1;

OUTPUT

Num =35.1

* *

no space

Output cout

Syntax: cout << ExprOrString << ExprOrString;

Each appends data to the stream.

cout << “Hi, “ << name << “how are you?”;

no spacespace

OUTPUT

Hi, Shadowhow are you?

* * *

Output cout

Syntax: cout << ExprOrString << ExprOrString;

cout << “The answer to question “;cout << qu_num;cout << “ is “;cout << 1.5 * pay_rate;

* *

no ;

cout << “The answer to question “ << qu_num << “ is “<< 1.5 * pay_rate;

Output cout

Syntax: cout << ExprOrString << ExprOrString << ExprOrString ;

cout << “The answer to question number 17 is listed after question “;cout << lastqu << ‘.’;

* *

cout << “The answer to question number 17 “<< “is listed after question “ << lastqu<< ‘.’;

no ;

Escape Sequences \ Changes the meaning of the

character that follows it.

\n hard return\t tab\\ \\” “\a beep or bell

These must be within quotation marks.

Escape Sequences

cout << “Name\tTotal\tGrade\n”;cout << “Miyo\t186\t B\n”;cout << “\n Jake\t211\t A\n”;cout << “Syd\t203\t A\n”;

OUTPUTName Total GradeMiyo 186 B

Jake 211 ASyd 203 A_ *

\n \n gives a blank line

Escape Sequences

\ Changes the meaning of the character that follows it.

\” take quotes literally

*

“Alfonsus \”Butch\” Billone”gives

Alfonsus ”Butch” Billone

Escape Sequences

* * * *

“\n Alfonsus\n\”Butch\” \nBillone”gives

Alfonsus“Butch”Billone

“|\n Alfonsus\n \t \”Butch\” \tBillone|”gives

|Alfonsus

“Butch” Billone|

Formatting Output

endlendl does the same thing as does the same thing as \n\n

- inserts a hard return- inserts a hard return requires the insertion operatorrequires the insertion operator

cout << endl << endlcout << endl << endl;;is the same as:is the same as:

cout << “\n\n”;cout << “\n\n”;

Formatting Output

iomanip.h contains the objects which have special effects on the iostream.

*

#include <iostream.h>#include <iomanip.h>

setw(n) how many columns for data setprecision(n) sets number of decimals

setiosflags(ios::fixed) displays 6 digits after the decimal

* * *

Formatting Output

iomanip.h contains the objects which havespecial effects on the iostream.…… …...

Formatting Output

setw(n) how many columns for data

cout << setw(4) << ans cout << setw(1) << ans<< setw(5) << num << setw(3) << num<< setw(4) << “Hi”; << setw(3) << “Hi”;

* *fields expand

337132Hi 337132Hi

Formatting Output

setprecision(n) sets number of decimals

x = format result314.0 setw(10)

setprecision(2)314.00

point counts

314.0 setw(10)setprecision(5) 314.00000

* * *columns added

314.0 setw(7)setprecision(5) 314.00000

Formatting Output

setiosflags(ios::fixed) displays 6 digits after the decimal

#include<iostream.h>#include<iomanip.h>

void main(){

double v = 0.00123456789; double w = 1.23456789; double x = 12.3456789; double y = 1234.56789; double z = 12345.6789;

Formatting Output

cout <<v<< endl<<w<< endl <<x<< endl <<y<< endl <<z<<”\n\n”;

cout << setiosflags(ios::fixed);cout <<v<< endl <<w<< endl <<x<< endl

<<y<< endl <<z<<”\n\n”;

cout << setprecision(2);cout <<v<< endl <<w<< endl <<x<< endl

<<y<< endl <<z<<”\n\n”;}

Formatting Output

default

0.00123457

1.23457

12.3457

1234.57

12345.7

ios::fixed

0.001235

1.234568

12.345679

1234.567890

12345.678900

+ setprecision(2)

0.00

1.23

12.35

1234.57

12345.68

Formatting Output

For decimal alignment use:For decimal alignment use:

ios::fixed and setprecision( ) sitcky sitcky

setw( ) only onceonly once

cout << setiosflags(ios::fixed) << setprecision(n);cout << setiosflags(ios::fixed) << setprecision(n);

cout << “- -” << setw(n) << var1 << setw(n) << “- -”;cout << “- -” << setw(n) << var1 << setw(n) << “- -”;

cout << “- -\t” << setw(n) << var1 << setw(n) <<var2;cout << “- -\t” << setw(n) << var1 << setw(n) <<var2;*

cout Syntax

cout << ExprOrStringOrManipulator << ExprOrStringOrManipulator...;

Good luck is nothing

but prepardnessprepardness and

opportunityopportunity coming

together.