Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of...

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Formation of compounds

Transcript of Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of...

Page 1: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Formation of compounds

Page 3: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Sodium gives 1 electron to chlorine

Cl

chlorine = 17 electrons : 2, 8, 7

sodium = 11 electrons : 2, 8, 1

Na

Before Bonding

Page 4: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Cl

chloride ion17 protons18 electrons

Charge - 1

Cl - = 2, 8, 8

sodium ion 11 protons10 electrons

Charge + 1

Na+ = 2 , 8

Na

Page 5: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

This type of bonding is known as ionic bonding because the metal atoms transfer electron(s) to non-metal atoms and ions are formed.

Sodium atom loses an electron to form sodium ion Na +

Chlorine atom gains an electron to form chloride ion Cl-

Chemical formula of sodium chloride is NaClChemical formula of sodium chloride is NaCl

ClNa

After Bonding

Page 6: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

When metal meet non-metals, the sparks will fly“Give me the electrons!” non-metal do cry

“you got a deal!” the metal respondsThe ions attract to form their bonds.

Page 7: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Lithium + fluorine Lithium + fluorine lithium fluoride lithium fluoride

Lithium gives 1 electron to fluorine

F

fluorine = 9 electrons : 2, 7

lithium = 3 electrons : 2, 1

Li

Before Bonding

Page 8: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

F

fluoride ion9 protons10 electrons

Charge - 1

F - = 2, 8

lithium ion 3 protons2 electrons

Charge + 1

Li+ = 2

Li

Page 9: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Lithium atom loses an electron to form lithium ion Li +

Fluorine atom gains an electron to form fluoride ion F-

Chemical formula of lithium fluoride is LiFChemical formula of lithium fluoride is LiF

FLi

After Bonding

Page 10: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

What happens when a piece of magnesium is burnt in air?

magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide

Page 11: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Magnesium gives 2 electrons to oxygen

O

oxygen = 8 electrons : 2, 6

magnesium = 12 electrons : 2, 8, 2

Before Bonding

Mg

Page 12: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

O

oxide ion8 protons10 electrons

Charge - 2

O 2- = 2, 8

magnesium ion 12 protons10 electrons

Charge + 2

Mg 2+ = 2 , 8

Mg

2+ 2-

Page 13: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Magnesium atoms lose 2 electrons to form magnesium ions Mg 2+

Oxygen atoms gain 2 electrons to form oxide ions O 2-

Chemical formula of magnesium oxide is MgOChemical formula of magnesium oxide is MgO

OMg

2+ 2-

After Bonding

Page 14: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Cl

ClMg

Mg = 12 electrons: 2, 8, 2

Cl = 17 electrons : 2, 8, 7

Page 15: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Cl

ClMg

2+

Mg 2+ = 2 , 8

Cl - = 2 , 8, 8

Page 16: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Magnesium lost 2 electrons to form magnesium ions Mg 2+

Each chlorine atom gained an electron to form chloride ions Cl –

Magnesium chloride is MgClMagnesium chloride is MgCl22

ClMg

2+

2

After Bonding

Page 17: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Sodium oxideSodium oxide

Na

Na

O

O : 8 electrons : 2, 6

Na: 11 electrons : 2, 8, 1

Page 18: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Na

Na

O

2-

Na + = 2 , 8O 2- = 2, 8

Page 19: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Na O

2-

2

Each sodium atom lost an electron to form sodium ions Na +

An oxygen atom gained 2 electrons to form an oxide ion O 2-

Sodium oxide is NaSodium oxide is Na2 2 OO

After Bonding

Page 20: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Potassium sulphidePotassium sulphide

S : 16 electrons : 2, 8, 6

K: 19 electrons : 2, 8, 8, 1

K

K

S

Page 21: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

S 2- : 2, 8, 8K+ : 2, 8, 8

K

K

S

2-

Page 22: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Each potassium atom lost an electron to form potassium ions K +

A sulphur atom gained 2 electrons to form sulphide ion S 2-

Potassium sulphide is KPotassium sulphide is K2 2 SS

After Bonding

K S

2-

2

Page 23: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

F

F = 9 electrons : 2, 7

Al

Al = 13 electrons: 2, 8, 3

F

F

Page 24: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

F

F- : 2, 8

Al

Al 3+ : 2, 8

F

F

3+

Page 25: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

After Bonding

Aluminium atom lost 3 electrons to form aluminium ions Al 3+

Each fluorine atom gained an electrons to form fluoride ion F –

Aluminium Fluoride is AlFAluminium Fluoride is AlF3 3

FAl

3+

3

Page 26: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Summary

Li

Na

K

Mg

Ca

Al

F

Cl

O

S

Metals transfer electrons to non-metal forming ions

Page 27: Formation of compounds. What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? sodium chlorine + sodium chloride.

Predict the formulas for the following ionic compounds:

Potassium bromide

Lithium oxide

Magnesium sulphide

Sodium iodide

Aluminium chloride

Calcium fluoride

KBr

Li2O

MgS

NaI

AlCl3

CaF2