Format - Corporate Research - Chapter 3 this a format for methodology and description of ...

7/29/2019 Format - Corporate Research - Chapter 3 this a format for methodology and description of analytic process of survey that you encounter in your thesis case study.

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WILLY O. GAPASIN, DBA

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Research Design

a framework or blueprint for conducting the

business research project. It details the procedures

necessary for obtaining the information needed to

structure or solve research problems.

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Historical Research Design - The purpose is to collect, verify,

synthesize evidence to establish facts that defend or refute your

hypothesis. It uses primary sources, secondary sources, and lots of

qualitative data sources such as logs, diaries, official records,reports, etc. The limitation is that the sources must be both

authentic and valid.

Case and Field Research Design - Also called ethnographic research,it uses direct observation to give a complete snapshot of a case that

is being studied. It is useful when not much is known about a

phenomenon. Uses few subjects.

Descriptive or Survey Research Design - It attempts to describe and

explain conditions of the present by using many subjects and

questionnaires to fully describe a phenomenon. Survey researchdesign /survey methodology is one of the most popular fordissertation research. There are many advantages.

Correlational or Prospective Research Design - It attempts to

explore relationships to make predictions. It uses one set of subjects

with two or more variables for each.

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Causal Comparative or Ex Post Facto Research Design - This

research design attempts to explore cause and affect relationships

where causes already exist and cannot be manipulated. It uses what

already exists and looks backward to explain why.

Developmental or Time Series Research Design - Data are collected

at certain points in time going forward. There is an emphasis on time

patterns and growth or change. Experimental Research Design - This design is most appropriate in

controlled settings such as laboratories. The design assumes randomassignment of subjects and random assignment to groups (E and C).It attempts to explore cause and affect relationships where causes

can be manipulated to produce different kinds of effects. Because of

the requirement of random assignment, this design can be difficult toexecute in the real world (non laboratory) setting.

Quasi Experimental Research Design - This research design

approximates the experimental design but does not have a control

group. There is more error possible in the results.

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The researcher will utilize the normative descriptiveresearch with survey instruments, interviews and documentary

analysis as techniques to gather data. This type of research reveals

and interprets what is, thus describing what is, supplies factual

and practical information that can be used to evaluate condition.

The selected respondents are the directors, personnel and parents

of the day care centers in First District of Batangas: it supports therelevance and appropriateness of the above method to this study,

which involves the description, recording and analysis of data on

the prevailing perceptions of the selected respondents. The process

involved descriptive statistics which techniques and numeric

measures. Furthermore, the process of descriptive research went

beyond mere gathering and tabulation of data, it also involves theelements and interpretation of the meaning or significance of what

is to be described. Thus, description is often comparison and

contrast involving measurement, classifications, interpretation and

evaluation.

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Population and Sample

In a table, indicate the population and sample

involved in the research study. Discuss the specific

sampling technique used and justification on its used.

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Every subset of a specified size n from the

population has an equal chance of being

selected


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The population is divided into two or more

groups called strata, according to some

criterion, such as geographic location, grade

level, age, or income, and subsamples arerandomly selected from each strata.


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The population is divided into subgroups

(clusters) like families. A simple random

sample is taken of the subgroups and then all

members of the cluster selected aresurveyed.


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Every kth member ( for example: every 10th

person) is selected from a list of all

population members.


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Selection of whichever individuals are easiest

to reach

It is done at the convenience of the

researcher


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We need to lay down first the criteria or

bases for selection.

In the selection process, a prospective

element of the sample must meet all thepredefined criteria for selection.


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Very similar to stratified random sampling.

The difference is that in stratified, the

stratum are chosen at random. In quota

sampling, there is no specific procedure inselecting the elements in the sample.


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Where the selection of the elements in the

sample is within the sound judgment of the

researcher. The selection of the elements in

the sample may be based upon the expertise

or experiences of the researcher.


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Population and Sample

The purposive sampling technique, a well accepted method for

rigorous selection of respondents will utilize in this study. It is focused on the

directors, personnel and parents who have operated day care centers in the

First District of Batangas such as Balayan, Calaca, Calatagan, Lemery, Lian,Nasugbu Taal and Tuy.

The respondents of the study were the directors and personnel and

parents of the eight (8) day care centers.

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Table 1

Distribution of the Respondents

Municipality No. Day CareCenters

Balayan 50Calaca 43Calatagan 27Lemery 48Lian 20Nasugbu 46Taal 44Tuy 24

Total 302


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Instruments

Describe the construction, validation, and

administration of the research instrument/s such as

tests, questionnaires, interview guides/schedules,

apparatus, devices and laboratory equipment, etc.

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In gathering the data (i.e., facts and figures) badly needed in this study, the researchermade use of the following:

1. Documentary Analysis. Vital data and basic information, relevant to the

study were gathered initially using documentary analysis. These data and information

were used as the foundation or cornerstone in formulating the theoretical and

conceptual framework including formulation of the research paradigm and basis for

developing the survey questionnaire.

2. Survey Questionnaire. The researcher formulated / developed a

researcher made questionnaire and mostly of the data gathered were retrieved

applying the Likert Five-Point Scale. The survey questionnaire was validated in terms

of content or substance by the adviser and experienced public school teachers and

likewise the survey questionnaire was subjected to dry-run or pre-testing to validate or

confirm its understandability and comprehensibility to the target respondents.

3. Observation. Through personal observation, the researcher had

supplemented and enriched the data and information gathered through survey

questionnaire following the popular byword to see is to believe. This type of data

gathering technique can be sued to verify matters or cross-check pertinent facts and

figures badly needed by the study in making analysis interpretation and ultimately in

making concluding statements and recommendations.

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Procedure

The step-by-step procedures followed in

conducting the study should be enumerated and

explained in complete detail. Identify time frame for the

collection of data.

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Procedure

The research instruments will distribute a notice of the researchers

intention and in various ways such as the personal approach and identifying

the appropriate person who could help the researcher in the distribution and

retrieval of the questionnaires. The following steps were undertaken:

1. The respondents were asked to answer the survey questionnaire.

2. The researchers contacted the respondents through handphone

for validation if some questions were left unanswered.

3. The study were explained by giving the respondents the

objectives of the research.

4. The researchers visited the selected BPOs and distributed the

questionnaires and covering letter to the respondents are

attached as Appendix B .

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The questionnaire consisted of two (2) parts:

Part I - Demographic data sheet; and

Part II Effectiveness of the Marketing Strategies

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Statistical Analysis of Data

Describe briefly how the data collected are to be

statistically processed. List sequentially and provide the

formula for the more sophisticated statistical tool usedas well as citing the sources and identifying the sub-

problem to which it is used.

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Statistical Treatment of Data

The data gathered were compiled, collated

and summarized separately per group. The

responses for each item were categorized basedon the specific problems raised.

The following were utilized in the

treatment of the data:

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1. Frequency. It is actual response to a specific

item/question in the questionnaire where the

respondent ticks his choice.

2. Percentage. To determine the relations of a

part to a whole.

Formula P = __f__ x 100

N

Where :

f = frequency

N = Number of cases

P = Percentage

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3. Weighted Mean. It is the sum of the item values \

divided by the total number of items. It is computed

average and its magnitude is influenced by every one of

the item values in the set, and used to describe as setof quantitative data provided the item values that

constitute the set are considerably concentrated. It is

computed by adding and dividing the sum by the total

number of scores.

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Formula : WM = (w1f1 + w2f2+wnfn)

N

Where : WM = weighted mean

f1 = frequency of first cell

w1 = weight of first cell

f2 = frequency of second cell

w2 = weight of second cell

N = number of cases

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4. Likert Scale. The data interpreted by using the Five

(5) Likert Scale Method, as the criterion which serves

as the basis for the interpretation of the data. The

concept of the boundary of the numerals will be usedas follows:

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation Symbol

5 5.00 4.20 Highly Satisfied HS

4 4.19 3.40 Nearly Highly Satisfied NHS

3 3.39 2.60 Satisfied S2 2.59 1.80 Unsatisfied US

1 1.79 1.00 Highly Not Satisfied HNS

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5. Ranking. This was used to determine the order of

decreasing or increasing magnitude of variations. The

largest frequency is ranked number 1, 2 and so on \

down to the last rank and number.6. t-test. This was used to determine whether or not

significant exist between the perceptions of the two

groups of respondents. It was solved using formula:

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6. t-test. This was used to determine whether or not

significant exist between the perceptions of the two

groups of respondents. It was solved using formula:

where:

x1 = mean of the first sample

x2 = mean of the second sample

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s1 = variance of the first sample

2

s2 = variance of the second sample


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7. Correlation Ratio. This was used to determine the

significant relationship between the level of

satisfaction and work values of the two groups of

respondents.

where:

n = number of ordered pairs

xi= value of independent t variable

yi= value of dependent variable

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