FORM LANGUAGE IMAGERY R’s – Rhyme and Repetition and reasons THEMES STRUCTURE.

FORM LANGUAGE IMAGERY Rs Rhyme and Repetition and reasons THEMES STRUCTURE

This poem is about This poem is about a once great king looking over his decaying kingdom. The statue is all that remains of his reign. The poet is commenting on how leaders seem powerful when they are alive but over time, like their kingdoms, their power diminishes. Character.. Ozymandias was an ancient king who died a long time ago. His ruined statue is all that is left. He meets a traveller in the desert. Compare with My Last Duchess- the portrait and statue are about preserving a person who has died. They also both have arrogant male voices. The River God- they both have strong male voices and were once both god/king like. Voice The narrator is a statue of the old king (personification). He is proud and arrogant. Ozymandias by Shelley

FORM- this poem is a sonnet, it uses iambic pentameter which makes it flow like natural speech I met a traveller from an antique land. LANGUAGE- The language is quite aggressive which could reflect the kings corruption and power stampd/ mockd. Alliteration boundless and bare. The statue is a metaphor for all human life (it all ends). IMAGERY- Contrasts- arrogant and powerful / decay and ruin. Sense of grandeur antique/ colossal /visage. Imagery of the statue now decaying in a vast desert. Rs- unusual rhyme scheme which suggests things are out of balance Appear/despair THEMES- pride and arrogance Kings of kings. Power- the statue represents how power fades over time. STRUCTURE At the end there is a sense of loneliness and ruin the lone and level sands stretch far away. This is a comment on the inevitability of human life.

This poem is about A duke talking to a visitor about a portrait of his dead wife. We suspect that he may have killed her because he suspected her of being unfaithful. The poem is probably based on Duke Alfonso II of Italy. Character.. The Duke is a powerful and arrogant man. He is dangerous and dominant. He is a Duke and therefore has a high status. Compare with LGS- the Dukes power of his wife is similar to the power the husband has in LGS. Medusa- the Duke has the same emotional power of his wife as the husband in Medusa. Voice The narrator does not allow for conversation. He talks and poses questions without allowing the envoy to speak. This shows how dominant he is. My Last Duchess by Browning

FORM- dramatic monologue. It feels as though the Duke is talking directly to you which makes him seem powerful. The iambic pentameter makes the poem sound like natural speech. LANGUAGE- dramatic irony- the Duke never says what happens to her, we have to read between the lines. Some quite sinister language. IMAGERY- rich and expensive imagery- talks about possessions. Rs- rhyming couplets make the narrator seem organised and educated. This reflects his status. THEMES- Pride- the duke is really proud of his possessions; the duchess being one of them. Jealousy he was jealous of other men and hated the thought of the duchess cheating on him. Power- power to control others. STRUCTURE the duke flits from one subject to another, this makes us not trust him. It is hinted at that he had her killed I gave commands. This makes him sound ruthless. At the end he talks about other possessions he has.

This poem is about An old river god who likes women to swim in him. He is possessive and cruel and will drown them if they leave. Character.. The River God is an ancient power who was once loved and worshipped. He is perverted and likes women to swim in him. Compare with Ozymandias- both have arrogant, powerful male voices who represent old civilisations and religions. On a portrait of a deaf man- the river god doesnt value human life, in OPDM, the narrator mourns his father. Voice The voice is arrogant and cruel but also joyous and happy. This shows how he doesnt take death seriously. Personification is used to create the voice of the God. The River God by Smith

FORM- the poem is a dramatic monologue. 1 st person narration. LANGUAGE-euphemism- the god suggests that the woman is sleeping and not dead, he is deluded. Childlike language yippity-yap Women are objectified focuses on her appearance. IMAGERY-Personification- the river is personified as the god. The women are drowned- he refers to them as sleeping. Rs-regular rhyming couplets which give a song-like quality. This shows his merry side. THEMES-love- the god desires women, he is obsessed with them. Arrogance- he is arrogant and drowns women if they leave. Selfishness- he doesnt want to share these women. Power- power to control others. STRUCTURE enjambment makes the poem flow like the course of a river. At the start, the god seems friendly and innocent. Only at the end do we learn what he is capable of.

This poem is about A hunchback homeless man lives in a park. He sleeps in a dog kennel and scavenges for food. Local boys mock and taunt him. He images a beautiful woman who protects him. Character.. We learn about several different characters including the cruel boys and the homeless man. Compare with Give- both characters are homeless and therefore outcasts. Horse Whisperer- social outcasts. Voice The 3 rd person narrative voice tells us about the characters in the park. We are made to feel sorry for the homeless man. He does not have a voice; this shows how insignificant he is to soceity. The Hunchback in the park

FORM- this is a narrative poem. It contains different characters. We do not hear from the POV of the homeless man but do understand how he feels. LANGUAGE-animal metaphors- they park is like a zoon. The homeless man is like a dog. Perhaps the poet is commenting on how badly people in society are treated by others. Nature similes like the birds he came early- he has more in common with nature than humans. IMAGERY-the homeless man is no better than an animal- rejected and isolated from society. The woman he imagines is beautiful and idealistic. Rs-repetition of natural images. THEMES-loneliness- the homeless man is solitary and alone. Lack of pride- the hunchback doesnt have any pride, he lives like an animal. Lack of power- the hunchback is an outcast and therefore has no power. STRUCTURE the poem is a series of observations. It is based on the narrators memories.

This poem is about A young country girl bumps into her old friend Melia. Melia used to be a made before leaving for the city to work as a prostitute. She enjoys her new lifestyle and this makes the country girl jealous. Hardy wrote this in a time when Britain was obsessed with the great social evil. Perhaps he is commenting on the hypocrisy in society. Character.. Two characters: Melia and the country girl. They show two different life styles- one moral and one immoral. Compare with LGS- the objectification of women. How lifestyles can change. The hunchback in the park- both feature characters who are deemed unworthy by society. Voice We learn about the characters through the conversational style and what is hinted at. The two women are friendly, jealous, and condescending. The Ruined Maid

FORM- the poem is a dramatic dialogue. It is written in the ballad form so it sounds quite light hearted. LANGUAGE- rural speech is written phonetically to emphasis the change in Melias speech. It is ironic at the end when he dialect slips back to the country speech you aint. Patronising in places My dear, Melia now looks down on the country girl. IMAGERY- contrasts between the hard life of the country girl- looking like an animal, to the beauty and grandeur of Melias new dress and jewellery. Rs-The poet builds up a lively conversation through the rhythm. THEMES- Jealousy- the country girl is jealous of Melia despite what she does for a living. Pride- Melia brags about her new life. She is not concerned by societys opinions of her. STRUCTURE at the start of the poem we do not know how Melia got her riches. It is not until the idea of being ruined is introduced we realise it was through prostitution.

This poem is about A young women looking at a photograph of herself. She has suffered a head injury and therefore cannot remember her former life. She has to be reminded everyday that he father has died. Character.. Alison- before and after her accident. We feel sorry for Alison because of the grief she suffers. Compare with On a portrait of a deaf man- characters have lost their fathers and find it hard to come to terms with their grief. Also, both feature imagery of physical decay. Voice Although they are the same person, we get a sense that there are two different people because of the use of pronouns I and she. This mix of first and 3 rd person narrative shows how confused she is. Case history: Alison (head injury)

FORM-the poem is a dramatic monologue. The stanzas are broken but linked through enjambment which reflect her memory. LANGUAGE- language of injury- physical and emotional. Use of pronouns I and she show a disconnection from her past life- almost as though they are two separate people. IMAGERY- the idea of looking at the photograph. Differences between how she used to look and now- simile like a Degas dancers beautiful like a dancer. Rs-the grief of loosing her father is repeated. Repetition of she shows how Alison cannot identify with her former life. THEMES- Loss Alison talks about what she has lost since the accident. Grief- Alison has to deal with the death of her father everyday. Identity- Alison struggles with knowing who she is. STRUCTURE it begins with isolated lines which highlight how she cannot remember her past. It alternates between 1 st and 3 rd person, showing how she flits between ideas about the past and her life now.

This poem is about The narrator coming to terms with the death of his father. He is angry at God for taking his father. Character.. The narrator is the poet John Betjeman. He is discussing the passing of his father and his lack of faith. We also find out about his father- the good when he was alive and his decaying dead body. The characters are based on real people. Compare with Brendon Gallacher- both are about death and grief. Case history- physical damage and decay. Voice The voice is very accusing at the end when he addresses God. The poem is supposed to be an elegy which should be a tribute but instead it is filled with images of decay which show the poet cannot accept what has happened. On a portrait of a deaf man

FORM-this poem is an elegy in tribute to his father. However it doesnt follow the usual conventions of the form because of the imagery. LANGUAGE- sense are really important because his father was deaf. Oxymoron- discreetly loud highlight the importance of the senses. IMAGERY- images of decay- shows his anger at his father dying because it is not natural to think about bodies decaying in the ground. Rs- strict alternate rhyme which makes the narrators thoughts seem ordered. The rhythm is very regular which gives the impression that the narrator is trying to keep his emotions in check. THEMES- Love- the narrator loved his father very much. Grief- the narrator cannot cope with the loss of his father. Bitterness- he accuses God of being unfair. STRUCTURE first 7 stanzas are in 1 st person narrative about his father. He alternates between pleasant memories and horrible imagery. At the end he addresses God- this suggests that he has lost his faith.

This poem is about The narrator is talking about his identity and how he hasnt been taught about his black history and heritage. He decides to create his own identity. Character.. The narrator is a black man living in a white world. He has only been taught white British history rather than diversity. He is angry and feels an injustice because of this. The characters are based on real people. Compare with Singh Song!- compare with the idea of identity and cultural diversity. Case history- compare with the importance of diversity and connecting with your identity and heritage. Voice The voice is created through comparisons between what he has been taught at school and what he hasnt. Checking out me history

FORM- the narrator uses techniques from oral poetry thats written to be recited out loud. This ties in with the traditions of black poetry. LANGUAGE-phonetic language and dialect- a mix between creole and standard English, this shows the contrasts in his background. Metaphors of vision bandage up me eye to show how blind people can be to their own heritage. IMAGERY- images of light are positive as they suggest an awareness or identity. Rs- repetition throughout, strong rhythm and chant link- these are all oral poetry techniques. THEMES- Anger- angry that his education has prevented him from learning about his culture. Admiration- he respects the people he describes in the poem STRUCTURE the poem alternates between historical figures from black and white cultures to highlight what he was taught and wasnt taught.

This poem is about A newly married man who has stopped putting effort into running his fathers shop because he would rather spend time with his new bride. Character.. Singh and his new bride. Compare with Checking out me history- deals with the idea of creating your own identity. LGS and Medusa- all deal with the idea of marriage and relationships. Voice We hear from the voices of Singh, his bride and customers in a light hearted, conversational tone. The voice mixes between standards English and phonetic Indian. Singh Song!

FORM- it features the voice of Singh and other characters such as his wife. Song like verses and a chorus. LANGUAGE- phonetic Indian English show influences and a mix of both cultures. IMAGERY-we have the imagery of the shop and new bride. The new bride goes against our stereotypical view of Indian women because of how he looks and behaves etc. Rs- rhyme is used to give it a light hearted tone. THEMES-love- the narrator is in love and very proud of his wife. The wifes online dating agency shows modern views towards love and relationships. STRUCTURE the poem alternates between descriptions of the narrators marriage and his customers complaints.

This poem is about The narrator is driving through the wrong side of town with his children in the car when they see a punk covered in tattoos. The children are scared by the appearance of the punk. Character.. The narrator compares the punk to a clown. The children are very afraid of the punk as they are not used to seeing anyone look like him. The punk is said to look like a clown. He is an outcast. Compare with Give - both are undesirable characters, mocked by society. Checkin out my history- both are about identity. Voice The punk does not have a voice because he is an outcast. The narrator has sympathy for the punk and says we, as society, shouldnt laugh at him. The Clown Punk

FORM- this poem is written in sonnet form. Its ironic because sonnets are often associated with love. LANGUAGE- pixel Metaphor compares him to a computer game or image to make him seem unreal. Language about IMAGERY- The visual imagery of the punk is really striking. Images of paintings he is covered in tattoos- this links to his identity. Rs-it has regular rhyme at the start but then changes to half rhymes in the middle. This shows that it appears ordered but is actually out of order. THEMES- Pride- the punk doesnt seem bothered by the reactions of others. Identity the punk has a clear identity. STRUCTURE Initially he presents the clown as an outsider on the edge of society. The poem is structured around a brief moment. At the end of stanza 1 there is a broken stanza which shows there is something wrong.

This poem is about A horse whisperer who was once celebrated in his village before being outcast because people began to accuse him/her of witchcraft. He/she takes revenge on those villagers. Character.. The horse whisperer who is driven from their village. The villagers also feature as an enemies. Compare with On a portrait of a deaf man- both deal with the idea of loosing faith. Voice We never learn the gender of the horse whisperer. This suggests the horse whisperer speaks for all. The voice is created through the violent and vengeful imagery. Horse Whisperer

FORM-the poem is written in irregular stanzas of free verse. It is in first person narrative. It is suggested that he/she is speaking for all horse whisperers. LANGUAGE-emotional language- shows how attached the horse whisperer is to the horses. Metaphor I was the life-blood shows how he is connected to these horses, part of them. Language associated with animals stampeded. Alliteration a new fear to fight the fear of fire creates a sense of urgency and panic. IMAGERY- animals and witchcraft. This brings an unnatural element to the poem and introduces the theme of revenge. Rs-repetition of the connection between him and the horses. THEMES- Love- the horse whisperer cares about the horses and wants to protects them. Revenge- the narrator wants to take revenge on those who have crossed him/her. STRUCTURE the first two stanzas highlight how much the horse whisperer helps the horses. This makes what happens to the horse whisperer later on seem even more tragic and shocking.

This poem is about A woman who is suspicious that he husband is cheating on her. She is very angry and vows to take her revenge on him. Character.. The narrator is a female. She is transforming into the Greek Gorgon a monster, as she gets angrier. Compare with LGS- marriage and the role / power of women. Horse Whisperer- the theme of revenge and power Voice Her voice is created through anger and insecurity. She accuses and questions her husband. Medusa

FORM- This poem is a dramatic monologue. The jealous wife talks the whole time. She questions and accuses her husband who doesnt have a voice. LANGUAGE- The language of transformation- turning into the monster. Language of insecurity a suspicion, a doubt, a jealousy. IMAGERY- Violent imagery- she sees to enjoy hurting animals. Rs- Repetition of Foul. She is becoming a monster, something disgusting. Repetition of sight- links to the Greek tale of Medusa. Sight can be loving or dangerous. THEMES- Anger- the narrator is angry and bitter. She wants to hurt animals. Jealousy- Shes is controlling and jealous of other women. Insecurity- Even though she is angry, she worships her husband and wants him to love her as much. STRUCTURE The womans anger builds up throughout the poem. However at the end she seems insecure. We can also infer that at the end she is going to turn him to stone/injure him when she asks Look at me now.

This poem is about A young child who has a friend called Brendon Gallacher. They are both very different. The child learns at the end that the Gallachers have never lived next door. She has to face the fact she is not real. Character.. The young child is dissatisfied with her life and family and creates Brendon who is the complete opposite. Their relationship is very pure and dependent. Brendon is a manifestation of what she wants to be like. Compare with On a portrait of a deaf man- both deal with the theme of grief and loss. Case history- Both characters look to the past. They both look to what they have lost. Voice The voice is very child-like. Direct conversation makes what happens seem real and more shocking as though she remembers everything in detail. Brendon Gallacher

FORM- Rhyme, equal stanzas. Uses direct conversation. LANGUAGE- Childish language- helps us to picture the narrators world. Regional language- the narrator uses Scottish words to make the poem and what happens more personal. Director conversation is used to make the moment she finds out about Brendon more realistic and shocking. IMAGERY- The description of Brendon. She has created someone so real. Rs- This poem has a regular rhyme pattern and the repetition of his name. This makes is sound songlike. THEMES- Love- the relationship between the narrator and Brendon is very loving and platonic. Sadness- Although he is imaginary, she feels the loss. Control- My shows how he belonged to her. STRUCTURE The poet tells the story in the order it happens. We do not learn that Brendon is imaginary until near the end. We share the grief of loosing him which is sudden And he died then.

This poem is about This poem is about a homeless person who sleeps in doorways. He offers to entertain for money. Armitage is commenting on society and homelessness. Character.. The homeless man is begging for money. He seems desperate yet proud. Compare with The Hunchback in the Park- both feature outcasts who are homeless and shunned by society. Voice The homeless man is quite sarcastic and bitter towards people who do not help. Yet he also begs and says he will do anything for money. Give

FORM- The poem is a dramatic monologue. The poem sounds like natural speech because the poet pauses and ends sentences in the middle of lines- this is called a caesura. LANGUAGE- Some quite magical/romantic language dear, stars, myrrh, are a stark contrast from his social standing. IMAGERY- images of wealth- he talks about expensive things he does not have. Some are linked to the Bible. Images of entertainment- the homeless man discusses what he will do for money. Rs- Irregular rhyme- make the voice seem realistic. Repetition of You accusing the audience. THEMES- Pride- initially the narrator seems quite proud and doesnt want to ask for help directly. Desperation- at the end his situation seems hopeless. Bitterness- He is angry at the lack of consideration and help. STRUCTURE The narrator is calm and controlled at the beginning of the poem. This changes and he becomes more accusing and bitter at the end.

This poem is about The wife in this poem is talking about her past relationships. She liked being in charge and single but dislikes her married life. Character.. The narrator is a married woman reminiscing about her past. She is discontent with her life. Compare with Case History- both women look back to a time when they were happy. They do not recognise the people they have become. Medusa- both show marriage and the positives/negatives. Voice She described men from her past as performing seals. She has fond memories compared to her life now she is wed. The first person narration shows how much her life has changed. LGS

FORM- The poem is from the POV of a female character. The poem flows like natural speech, almost as though she is remembering times past. LANGUAGE- Metaphors- the narrator lists metaphors to describe men. They include buildings and animals. The language of courtly love- seems very idealistic and romantic. This is contrasted with modern language toy, plaything. Brings her back to reality. IMAGERY- imagery of beauty and splendour. Rs- repetition of metaphors. THEMES- Love- she talks about courtly love because she liked the idea of being rescued by a man. Control- she used to be in control but has now lost that control since marrying. Identity- she no longer recognises who she has become. STRUCTURE The poem begins with happy memories. These memories then become sad when she thinks about her life now. The images of grandeur diminish until she refers to herself as a bit of fluff.

FORM LANGUAGE IMAGERY R’s – Rhyme and Repetition and reasons THEMES STRUCTURE.

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