Form and Accessibility of the Law Applicable Enforcement ... · Law Com No 370 Enforcement of...
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Law Com No 370 Enforcement of Family Financial Orders Law Commission Enforcement of Family Financial Orders Law Com No 370
Transcript of Form and Accessibility of the Law Applicable Enforcement ... · Law Com No 370 Enforcement of...
Law Com No 370
Enforcement of Family Financial Orders
Law Com No 366
Form and Accessibility of the Law Applicablein Wales
Law C
omm
ission Enforcem
ent of Family Financial O
rders Law
Com
No 370
3 21965
14 2016
862
© Crown copyright 2016 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Print ISBN 9781474139618 Web ISBN 9781474139625 ID 12121605 12/16 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the Williams Lea Group on behalf of the Controller of Her
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This Glossary does not provide an explanation of the methods of enforcing a family financial order; Chapter 2 (Legal Landscape) provides an overview of the methods discussed in this Report.
3
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10 Judicial and Court Statistics 2011, Chapter 1: County courts (non-family work) 1 18
30 201611
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Société Eram Shipping Co Ltd and others v Compagnie Internationale de Navigation 2003 30 2004 1 260
13 Judicial and Court Statistics 2011, Chapter 1: County courts (non-family work) 1 18
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17
2 14
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19
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22 129 778130 690 2011 Judicial and Court Statistics 2011, Chapter 1: County courts (non-family work) 1 18
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2 25 27
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Enforcing Financial Orders in Family Proceedings 2000 21327
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2015 30 20162
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3 5
3 6 32 33 39 4033 70 71 73
81 841971
1979
1869 1981 1984
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34
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4 126
Information at the time of the original order 4 13 7
8
9 10
4 14
4 15
5
6 37
2014 View from the President’s Chambers (number 12)
8 31 2014 82014 08
8 30 201615
2014 2015 0115122014 30 2016
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10
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Guidance 4 16
4 17 Matrimonial Property Needs and Agreements 11 12
4 18
4 19
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4 21
11 2014 343
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13 1958 1 22 20142013 17 6 10 4
14 1958 2 6 22 20142013 17 6 10 5 1 6
15 20 582004
16 1980 59 22 20142013 17 6 10 42
17 Enforcing Financial Orders in Family Proceedings 2000 228229
18 45 21 20142008 2008 1054 1 9 1
19 1980 59 520 1991 1991 1 4
15521
1970 81 2 1 10
19911 2 1991 32 33
22 32 33 22 2014
37
23
4 23
24
4 24
4 25
Accessibility of the enforcement system 4 26
25
4 27
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27
28
23 32 33 624 525
26
27
28
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Compliance by the debtor 4 28
A single seamless process 4 29
29
30
31
Awareness of the remedy 4 30
32
4 31
4 32
Extension of the court’s jurisdiction 4 33
33
Obstacles to reform 4 34
29
30
31 4 2732
33
39
2014
14
4 35
Awareness 4 36
Scope of the remedy 4 37
4 38
40
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34
4 48
4 49
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1 2016 Law Society Gazette15 2016 Law Society Gazette
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without further formality or fee 16
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40
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16
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The Family Court Practice 201518 15 2016 Law Society Gazette
505360330 2016 14
2016 Law Society Gazette
5054196 30 201619 2015 1592 2015 116
49
5 19
20
21
Lack of advance disclosure 5 20
5 21
20 1 2016 Law Society Gazette5053366
30 201621 56
50
Insufficient notice of the hearing 5 22
30
5 23
140
140
A lack of co-operation from the debtor 5 24
5 25
22
22 8
51
Applications listed before judges who do not have the necessary powers 5 26
23
5 2724
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6
Remedies available on the application 5 29
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Travel expenses 5 30
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Hearing 5 53 40
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Non-compliance by the debtor
5 56
71 871
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5 60
5 6171
Broomleigh Housing Association Ltd v Okonkwo45
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61
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Westwood v Knight4638 1 1984 47
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5 64 Westwood v Knight
31 1984
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Costs 5 67
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Specialist enforcement judges or an enforcement liaison judge? 6 24
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6 26
6 27
6 28
11
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6 29
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6 30
6 31 9 17 2
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6 33
6 34
12 1813 2008 1376 2009 1 826
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Extending the enforcement powers of lay justices 6 35
6 36
50
14
9
12
14 5 38 5 41
73
6 37
1992
6 38
15
6 39
6 40
6 41
6 42
6 43
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15 6 48 6 4916 2 14 2 1617 9
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199118
Permitting listing of enforcement applications before lay justices
6 48
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6 49
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21 22 2014
77
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7 1 1
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7 42
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1 2010 29Civil Justice Quarterly 159
2
79
3
7 5
1
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7 6
4
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3 2 53 11
1989 2
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80
7 96
7
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7 11
8
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7 158
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9
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12
10 31 2014 82014 08
8 01 201615
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11
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01 2016
82
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7 16
7 17
114
2
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Disclosure on the general enforcement application 7 18
16 5
13
214
15
16
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7 1917
7 20
The obligation to arise automatically only on a general enforcement application
7 21
7 22
7 23
17
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The form of the financial statement 7 26
7 27
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59 Solving disputes in the county courts: creating a simpler, quicker and
more proportionate system: A consultation on reforming civil justice in England and Wales: The Government Response 2012 8274
10 2007 95
89
8 8
8 9
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11 21 2 31 171981 1984
1879
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12 21 2 313 31 17 314 Frankson v Secretary of State for the Home Department 2003 655 2003 1
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Information from Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs, Department for Work and Pensions and Land Registry
8 48
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01 201637 201138 2003 5 3
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8 73
A fair hearing 8 74
6 53
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53 6 Hornsby v Greece18357 91
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200155
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8 77
8 78
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56
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1
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8 Horton v Henry 2016 989 2016 311
123
9 15
9 16
9
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9 18
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124
9 19
9 20
9 21
9 22
9 23
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10 1973 24 3 4 25 7 25 4
125
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9 24
9 25
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11 1973 24 5
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126
13
9 27
2020
14
4040
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Previous pension attachment order – same parties 9 29
1
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14 Statistical Bulletin 11 201420160105160709
171778 375746 01 2016
127
2
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9 30
9 31
9 32
15
9 33
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15 1973 3116
128
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9 35
50
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9 36
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1
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9 38
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129
9 40
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9 66
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29 4 2009 18 2008
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1968
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9 69 18 20113 1984
138
10 1
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16 1971
Table1:Th
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Debtor
owes
existingde
btto
thecred
itor–
fore
xample
£3,500
arrears
of mainten
ance.
Thearrearso
f£3,500canbe
enforced
againstthe
fund
sintheaccoun
t.
Onthemakingof
theinterim
orde
r,theaccoun
twillbe
frozen
tothevalue
of£3,500.1
Onthemakingof
thefin
alorde
r,the£3,500
willbe
paidto
thecred
itor.
Thethird
partyde
btorde
rwou
ldbite
perio
dically
andafixed
sum
wou
ldbe
paidto
thecred
itorfrom
thefund
sintheaccoun
tatthattim
e.Ifthere
areinsufficien
tfun
dsintheaccoun
tthe
n,thefullam
ount
intheaccoun
twou
ldbe
paidto
thecred
itor.
Thedu
ratio
nof
theorde
rcou
ldbe
fora
fixed
term
orforsuchtim
eun
tilthede
btow
edisdischarged
.
Debtor
owes
future
debtsto
thecred
itor–
fore
xample
perio
dical
paym
entsof
£500
per
mon
th.2
Thefuture
debtso
f£500pe
rmon
thcanbe
enforced
againstthe
fund
sin
theaccoun
tasa
ndwhe
nthey
falldu
e.
Ontheinterim
orde
r,allofthe
fund
sintheaccoun
twillbe
frozen
,sub
ject
totheinterim
protectedbalance.Thede
btor
may
makeahardship
applicationifthefreezin
gmakes
itne
cessaryforh
imor
hertodo
so.
Onmakingthefin
alorde
r,andafterh
earin
gfrom
both
parties,thecourtw
illde
term
ineho
wmuchof
theaccoun
tsho
uldremainfrozen
andforh
owlong.
Each
mon
th,for
thedu
ratio
nof
thethird
partyde
btorde
r,thepe
riodical
paym
entsorde
rwillbite
againstthe
accoun
tand
£500
willbe
paidto
the
cred
itor.
Thedu
ratio
nof
theorde
rwou
ldbe
forsuchterm
asthecourtcon
sidered
approp
riate.W
edo
note
nvisa
gethat
thethird
partyde
btorde
rwou
ldne
cessarily
lastforthe
duratio
nof
thepe
riodicalpaymen
tsorde
r.
Thethird
partyde
btorde
rwou
ldbite
perio
dically
andafixed
sum
wou
ldbe
paidto
thecred
itorfrom
thefund
sintheaccoun
tatthattim
e.Ifthere
areinsufficien
tfun
dsintheaccoun
tthe
nthefullam
ount
intheaccoun
twou
ldbe
paidto
thecred
itor.
Thedu
ratio
nof
theorde
rwou
ldbe
forsuchterm
asthecourtcon
sidered
approp
riate.W
edo
note
nvisa
gethat
thethird
partyde
btorde
rwou
ldne
cessarily
lastforthe
duratio
nof
thepe
riodicalpaymen
tsorde
r.
1Freezin
gwou
ldbe
subjecttotheinterim
protectedbalance,which
wou
ldno
tope
rate
inthiscase
unless
theprotectedbalancewere
seta
t£6,50
0or
above,which
isno
talevelw
een
visage.
2Thefuture
debt
cann
otbe
enforced
until
itisow
ed.Toen
sure
that
does
noto
ccur,itw
illbe
necessaryto
enforceitinarrears.
147
Table2:Th
irdpa
rtyisno
taba
nk
Third
partyow
esexistingde
btto
thede
btor
–fore
xample
repaym
ento
fape
rson
alloan
owingto
thede
btor
intheam
ount
of£1
0,00
0
Third
partyow
esfuture
debt
tothede
btor
–fore
xamplean
agen
cyforw
hom
thede
btor
works
asaselfem
ployed
carera
ndgetspaid
weekly.
Debtor
owes
existingde
btto
the
cred
itor–
for
exam
ple
£3,500
arrearso
fmainten
ance.
Thearrearso
f£3,50
0couldbe
enforced
againstthe
£10,00
0ow
edto
thede
btor.
Onthemakingof
theinterim
orde
r,thethird
partywou
ldbe
directed
nottomakeanypaym
enttoor
forthe
bene
fitof
the
debtor
pend
ingthemakingof
thefin
alorde
r.
Onthemakingof
thefin
alorde
r,the£3
,500
wou
ldbe
paidto
the
cred
itor.
Subjecttothefin
alprotectedbalance,thethird
partyde
btorde
rwou
ldbite
everytim
ethethird
partypays
mon
eyto
thede
btor.O
neach
occasio
n,either
afixed
sum
oraprop
ortio
nof
thepaym
ent
madewou
ldbe
paidby
thethird
partyto
thecred
itor.
Thefin
alprotectedbalancewou
ldmeanthat
inagivenpe
riodthe
third
partywillno
tstartpaying
mon
eyto
thecred
itoru
ntilacertain
amou
nthasb
eenpaidto
thede
btor.
Thedu
ratio
nof
theorde
rcou
ldbe
fora
fixed
term
orforsuchtim
eun
tilthede
btow
edisdischarged
Debtor
owes
future
debts
tothe
cred
itor–
for
exam
ple
perio
dical
paym
entsof
£500
per
mon
th.3
Ontheinterim
orde
r,thethird
partywou
ldbe
directed
nottomake
anypaym
enttothede
btor
pend
ingthemakingof
thefin
alorde
r.
Thefin
alorde
rwou
lddirectthethird
partyto
paymon
eyto
the
cred
itoro
neveryoccasio
nthat
thethird
partypays
mon
eyto
the
debtor
inrepaym
ento
fthe
debt.The
orde
rcou
ldrequ
irea
prop
ortio
nalora
fixed
amou
ntto
bepaidto
thecred
itor.Ho
wever,
mon
eypaidto
thecred
itorcanno
tbeanygreatersum
than
isow
ing
tothecred
itora
tthe
date
themon
eyispaid.
Thedu
ratio
nof
theorde
r wou
ldbe
forsuchterm
asthecourt
considered
approp
riate.W
edo
note
nvisa
gethat
thethird
party
debt
orde
rwou
ldne
cessarily
lastforthe
duratio
nof
thepe
riodical
paym
entsorde
r.
Thethird
partyde
btorde
rwou
ldbite
everytim
ethethird
partypays
mon
eyto
thede
btor.O
neach
occasio
n,subjecttothefin
alprotectedbalanceeither
afixed
sum
oraprop
ortio
nof
thepaym
ent
madewou
ldbe
paidby
thethird
partyto
thecred
itor.
Thefin
alprotectedbalancewou
ldmeanthat
inagivenpe
riodthe
third
partywillno
tstartpaying
mon
eyto
thecred
itoru
ntilacertain
amou
nthasb
eenpaidto
thede
btor.
Thedu
ratio
nof
theorde
rwou
ldbe
fora
fixed
term
.
3
148
149
To what debts can a periodic third party debt order attach? 10 43
and
17
10 44
18
Enforcement against future debts owed by the third party to the debtor 10 45
10 46
1500
10 47
19
17
72 2 118 Re Severn and Wye and
Severn Bridge Ry Co 1986 1 559
Re Kidner, Kidner v Kidner 1929 2 12119 10 70 10 74
150
10 48
How future debts owed by the debtor to the creditor are enforced 10 49
10 50
10 51500 28
129
500 28
500 29 28
10 52
151
10 53
10 54 500 2829
500500
Protecting the parties 10 55
1
2
10 56
10 58
2011
152
20
199121
22
10 59
10 60 20 0005 000 500
15 00015 000
30
3 0006 000
10 61
23
20
2011 8045204
21
22 1991 3223 1973 31
153
1
2
199124
1991
10 65
24
1991 2 4
154
10 66
Third party owes existing debt to the debtor 10 67 1 000
200
5 000
1 00025 200
4 00026
4 000
10 68
10 69
27
25
1 00026
50 20027
155
28
Third party owes future debt to the debtor 10 70
10 71
10 72500
2 000800
800 800
800
500
10 737
10 74
28 5004 000 500
4 0004 000
4 000
156
29
10 75
Duration of a periodic third party debt order 10 76
1
2
3
4
10 77
30
31
32
29 10 67 10 6930
1991 1991 1184 431
32 “How the orders would operate” 10 40
157
10 78
Criteria for making the order 10 79
10 8033
10 81
10 82
10 8334
33 1991 134 Hirschorn v Evans 1938 2 801
158
10 8435
9336
37
38
39
10 85
40
10 86
41
35 2015219 3 30
36
2012 827437 32 2 1991
38 Deduction orders against joint accounts, Public Consultation 2016
53255201
201639 2 2015 840
41
159
10 87
10 88
10 89
10 90
1
42
2
3
43
44
45
42
43
44
45 10 98 10 108
160
4
10 91
500
The types of joint account to which a third party debt order could attach 10 92
10 932003
46
47
10 941991 48
1991
46
47
48 1992 1992 1989 25
161
10 95
10 96
10 97
The ownership of funds in a joint account 10 98
50
49
10 99
49
162
10 100
50
10 101
51
52
10 102
0 100 50 50
10 103
53
50 1996 6
51 The Law of Personal Property 12013 622
52
Re Figgis (deceased) 1969 1 123Paul v
Constance 1977 1 527
53 Nielson-Jones v Fedden [1975 222 228
163
54
10 104
55
56
57
100
10 105
58
59
10 106
54 5 2011 328Stoeckert v Geddes 2 2004 54 2004
207 2004 05 50655 Jones v Maynard 1951 1 57256 Stack v Dowden 2007 17 2007 2 83157 Ellinger’s Modern Banking Law 5 2011 32758
59 Heseltine v Heseltine 1971 1 342
164
60
10 107
61
62
1
10 108
10 109
63
60 1991 32 1 32 161 1991 32 3 4
62 2016 9532552
7 201063
165
10 110
10 111
1 164
65
66
10 112
Disclosure of details of joint accounts 10 113
Joint accounts and periodic third party debt orders 10 114
64
65 Trajkovski v The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 53320 9966 Broniowski v Poland 31443 96
166
67
68
10 115
10 11669
10 117
10 118
67
68 Deduction orders against joint accounts, Public Consultation 2016
53255201
201669 10 118
167
Effect on the joint account holder’s credit rating 10 119
Should enforcement against funds in a joint account be subject to a minimum account balance and be an option of last resort?
10 120
Disclosure of statements 10 121
70
10 122
70 72 6 2
168
10 123
10 124
10 1253
28
10 126
Why should statements be disclosed? 10 127
71
10 128
71 Deduction orders against joint accounts, Public Consultation 2016
53255201
2016
169
10 129
72
10 130
73
How would disclosure of statements work? 10 131
10 132
72 873 7
170
10 133
874
75
10 13428
10 135
74 8 68 8 8475
8 80 8 84
171
11 11
2
24 1973 24 3
24
244 5
11 2 24 6
7
24
11 3 1981
1
2 19793 2004 5 34
5
6 24 1 23 24
7 1973 23 2004 5 8
172
1973 8
24
11 4 1981
24
11 5 24
24
242004
24
11 6 24
249
8 1973 197999
9 1973 24 2
173
11 7
11 8
11 9
10
14
11 10
11 11 11
12
11 12
11 13
10 Judicial and Court Statistics 2011, Chapter 1: County courts (non-family work) 1 18
01 201611
174
13
11 1414
11 15
11 16
11 17
11 18
11 19
1
2
3
12
13 11 2114
10
175
11 20
Motor vehicles 11 21
15
11 22
5
11 23
16
17
15
223 1 223 216
2016369
17
176
11 24
18
11 25
Boats 11 26
24
19
11 27
18 2013 2013 1894 4 519
24
01 2016
177
11 28
24 197320
20 2004 5 3
178
12 1
1
12 2
12 31991 1991 2
3 4
5
37 1981
1 2 32 2 3415 2 35 2 36
2 1991 393
Child Support Enforcement and Driver’s License Suspension Policies 41762 2011 2
2012 41762 01 20164
01 20165
179
6
7
19811991
8
9
12 4
12 5
In favour of new coercive powers 12 6
12 7
6
Bayer v Winter 1986 1497
7 1869 6 B v B (passport surrender: jurisdiction) 1998 1 329Thaha v Thaha 1987 2 142
8 1991 392008 27
9 1991 39
180
12 8
12 9
12 10 10
Against new coercive powers 12 11
12 12
10
181
12 13
182
12 14
12 15
12 16
12 17
12 182007
11
11 34
183
12 19
12 20
12 21
12 22
12 23
12 24
184
12 25
1991
12 26
12
12 27
12 28
13
12
13
185
12 29
14
12 30
12 31
12 32
12 33
12 34
14
12 74 12 79
186
12 35
12 36
12 37
15
15
Sorting out Finances on Divorce 2016 9
2016 04 165 2016
187
12 38
16
12 39
1
2
3
Has the ability to pay
12 40
12 41
17
18
12 42
19
16 12 54 12 6017 Thomas v Thomas 1995 2 66818
19 Purba v Purba 2000 1 444
188
12 43
20
12 44
12 45at the time of making the order
21
199122
1991
20 37 197321 Woodley v Woodley 1992 2 41722 Karoonian v CMEC 2012 1379 2013 1 1121
189
12 46
23
Standard of proof 12 47
on the balance of probabilities
12 48
12 49
23
190
12 50
6
Unavailability of a conventional enforcement method 12 51
12 52
12 53
12 54
1
2
3
4
191
Consultation responses 12 55
12 56
Discussion and recommendation 12 57
12 58
192
12 59
12 60
12 61
1
2
193
12 62
24
12 63
Duration of the orders, renewal and option to postpone the operation of the order
12 64
12 65
24
194
12 66
12 67
12 68
Operation of the orders 12 69
12 70
1991
25
26
25
26
1991
195
12 71
12 72
12 73
12 74
12 75
27
27
196
12 76
28
29
12 77 1991
30
31
28 SC v BH 2014 1584 2014 1115
Re K (Minors) (Foreign Passport: Jurisdiction) 1997 2 569
29 Atapattu, R (On the Application of) v The Secretary of State for the Home Department2011 1388
30 197131 1991 39
197
12 78
32
33
12 79
12 80
12 81
32
12 80 12 8133
198
12 82
1988 34
12 83
Discussion 12 84
35
6
36
37
12 85
38
1
34 1988 103 135
36
2000225
37
R v Briggs-Price 2009 19 20091 1026
38 6 2 3
199
2
3
12 86
12 87
40
12 88
41
12 89
42
43
39 Engel v Netherlands 1976 1 647 5100 7140
Benham v The United Kingdom 1996 22 29319380 92
41 R (Mc Cann v Others) v Crown Court at Manchester and another 2002 39 2003 1787
42 Malige v France 68 1997 852 1059 Nilsson v Sweden 73661 01 Maszni v Romania59892 00
43 Malige v France 68 1997 852 1059 35
200
12 90 Nilsson v Sweden44
18
Nilsson
12
Nilsson
12 91 Nilsson
Nilsson
12 92Welch v United Kingdom 45
1986
12 93
44 73661 0145 20 247
201
146
2
3
4
12 94Welch
12 9547
46
47
Sentencing and Criminal Justice 6 2015 11
202
12 96
R (Mc Cann v Others) v Crown Court at Manchester and another48 Chief Constable of Lancashire v
Wilson 49
12 97 McCann
50
12 98 Wilson 51 2015
52 6
53
12 99
McCann Wilson
48 2002 39 2003 1 78749 2015 2763
21 2015 2015 907
50
51 2015 276352 200953
203
12 100Wilson
54
Welch
Wilson
Consultation responses 12 101
199155
12 102
Engel v Netherlands56
54
55 12 120 12 12256 1976 647 5100 71
204
12 103
6
12 104
McCann198857
McCann
58
57
58 Re B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof 2008 35 2009 1 11
205
12 105
12 106 McCann
59
12 107McCann
12 108McCann
1
2
3
59 2002 39 2003 1 787 82
206
12 109
60
12 110 1998
2014 1998 2014
12 111 Wilson2009
6 61
60 RE U (A Child) 2004 567 2005 134J (Children) (Care Proceedings: threshold Criteria) 2013 9 2013 1 680
61
1998
207
12 11262
8
6 1
12 113 Wilson
Wilson2009
The purpose of the legislation 12 114 Wilson
62 Secretary of State for the Home Department v MB 2007 46 2008 1440
208
12 11563
64
12 116
12 1172014
2009
1996
200265
66
12 118
63 12 40 12 4664 865 2002 566 2002 241
209
12 119
12 120 199167
Karoonian v CMEC 68
12 121
69
1991
12 122 1991
1991
70
1991
12 123 6
67 1991 3968 2012 1379 2013 1 112169
70 Karoonian v CMEC 2012 1379 2013 1 1121 24
210
12 1248
71
12 125
1 11 1
1 172
73
12 126 55
Young v Young 74
5
12 127
71 12 6072 Atapattu, R (On the Application of) v The Secretary of State for the Home Department
2011 138873 Toma v Romania 2012 1051 0674 2012 138 2012 198
211
12 128 12 275
2004 38
12 129
1
2
3 76
4
5 77
12 13012 3
75 20 19764 2 2
476 1 3 12 3
12 3 12 3
The right to leave one’s own country under international law2005
77 4 5 27
212
12 131
6 1 78
11 13
8
12 1322 1
12 133
12 134
12 135
1
2 79
78 Hornsby v Greece 19 1997 199779 2004 38 158 2004 77 27 1
213
12 136
1
2
3
80
12 137Jipa
81
12 138 Byankov 82
Byankov
Byankov
12 139 Jipa Byankov
80 2004 38 158 2004 77 27 281 33 07 Jipa 2008 5157 44 4582 249 11 Byankov 2012 0000
214
2 4
83 24
2 4
84
12 140
83 Miazdzyk v Poland 23592 0784 Nada v Switzerland 10593 08
215
216
217
13 1 1
122
13 21973 2004
19891973
2004
13 3 3
4
13 412
1
1973 21
2 1973 32 1 2004 5 633 2015
219 3 1134
218
5
6
1
2
3
4
13 512
12
12
13 6
Problems with the current rule
13 7 7
12
5 B v C (Enforcement: Arrears) 1995 1 467
Russell v Russell 1986 1 465 B v C
Lumsden v Lumsden 11 1998
6 Arif v Anwar 2014 4669 2014 313
N v N 2015 514 2015 512
7
219
13 8 8
12
13 9 9 12
10
Suggestions for reform
1213 10 12
13 11
12
13 12
13 1312
24 36
8
9
10
220
13 14
13 15 12
Length of the period of arrears that may be enforced without the permission of the court
13 16 12
13 17
Test for permission 13 18
221
13 19
1 500
11
2 10 000
13 20
13 21
11
10 92 10 97
222
13 2212
12 13
14
13 23
13 24 15
12 1973 31 2 2004 5 5213 1973 32 2 2004 5 6314 2015
219 3 11615
223
13 25
13 26
16
13 27
13 28
13 29
13 30
16
1973 32 2 20045 63
224
13 31 12
1
2
13 32
225
14 12011 1
14 2 2012 2011
2
3
14 3
4
1
2011 80452 Impact assessment: Proposed reforms to third party debt orders 2011
10
02 20163
2012 8274 534 73 3
226
5
6
14 473
73 40
4073
14 572 7
14 6
8
2011
9
5 73 46 73 10 6 77 33 248 Ministry of Justice Solving Disputes in the County Courts
Consultation Paper: Response by the Money Advice Trust 2011 249 Impact assessment: Proposed reforms to third party debt orders 2011
9 10
02 2016
227
10
14 7
14 8
14 9 11
14 10
12
14 11 13
10 1011
12
228
14 12
14 13
14 14
14
14 15
13
14 10
229
14 1615
14 17
14 18
14 19
14 20
15
230
14 21
14 22
14 23
14 24
14 25
14 26
The streamlined procedure 14 27
73
231
14 28 73
16
1
223
1890 17
3 1 2012 18
4
14 29
14 30 7321 28
19
28
20 2821
16 73 4 417 23
18
1 6 1 81979 93 2
200719 73 7 1 220 73 10 2 321 73 10 6 7
232
28
22
14 31
Safeguards 14 32
23
14 33
Charging orders and financial products 14 34
24
22
73
23
73 724
403 4
40 8 3
233
25
25
234
15 1
1
2
3
15 2 Mubarak v Mubarak (No. 1)4 2001
6
6
5
15 3 Mubarak
2002
6
7
1 1869 52 33 163 1970 114 2001 1 698 2001 1785
6 2002 439 37 2001 2 704
235
8
9
15 4
10
15 5
11
8
Constantinides v Constantinides 2013 3688 2014 11934 37
9 Butterworths Family Law Service 1922014 4 3255
10 6711 258 2003
5 Mubarak v Mubarak (No. 1) 2001 1 698
236
15 6
2012 Bhurav Bhura12
Prest v Prest13
15 7
Bhura”
15 8
15 9
12 2012 3633 2013 2 4413 2015 714 2016 1 773
237
14
15
15 10
16
17
15 11 18
15 12
15 13 Bhura
Prest v Prest,19
15 14
14
15
1216
17
18
19 2015 714 2016 1 773
238
15 15 12
15 16
15 17
20
6
15 1821
22
15 19
20 Mohan v Mohan 2013 586 2014 1 71721 2 2015 1420
239
15 20
Establishing a case to answer 15 21
15 22 Zuk v Zuk 23 Bhura v Bhura24 Mohan v Mohan25
Zuk:
26
22 2010 33 14
23 2012 1871 2013 2 146624 2012 3633 2013 2 4425 2013 586 2014 1 71726 2012 1871 2013 2 1466 19
240
27
15 23 Bhura,
51869
28
15 24 Mohan
33 14 1
29
15 25 Prest v Prest30
27 2012 1871 2013 2 1466 1928 2012 3633 2013 2 44 1329 2013 586 2014 1 717 45
241
15 26
31
15 27 Prest
Migliaccio v Migliaccio 32 Prest,
33
34
A need for reform? 15 28 Bhura
Prest Migliaccio
30 2015 714 2015 104731 2015 714 2015 1047 5532 2016 1055 2016 4 9033
199134 26
242
Gibbons CMEC; Karoonian v CMEC,35
Migliaccio Zuk,
36
15 29
15 30
6
15 31
15 32
35 2012 1379 2013 1 11211991
36 2016 46 Family Law 1017
243
15 33
244
16 11
2 3
4
5
6
7
8
16 2
16 3
1
2
3
1 28 44 46 4745 8
2
3
28 3 54 28 15
6 45 8
28 2 17 45 1
8 28 1
245
16 4
9
16 5
16 6
16 7 10
16 8
11
28 3 12 44 44 2 2 344 10 2 3 46 47 45 8
44 1 1
28
16 9
16 10
9 5 30 5 33 15 18 15 1910
11 2010 28 212 28 3
246
16 11
16 12
13
14
15
16 1316
17
16 14
1
218
13 44 214 28 3 515 28 3 616 28 3 417 Gojkovic v Gojkovic (No. 2) 1991 3 621
Solomon v Solomon 2013 1095 2013 23318
247
16 15
19
16 16 20
16 17
16 18
16 19
19 720
248
16 20
21
16 21
16 22
21
44 14 1
249
16 2322
23
16 242 25
110
24
16 25 45 1unless the
court orders otherwise 25 45 1
26
27
16 26
22 45 828 2 1
23 Blackstone’s Civil Practice 2015 The Commentary 42015 1187
24 12013 3 10 Civil Court News 69
25
26 28 127 Amber Construction Services Ltd v London Interspace HG Ltd 2007
304245 1
250
28 29
45 1
16 27 45 1
16 28
200130
16 29
20101998
16 30
28 27 14 229 18 2008 152 44 Solicitors’ Journal
1930 5 2001 2001 4015
251
17 1
21 1
2
17 23
4
17 3
5
1 1986 2682 1986 267
750 5 000 20152016 2017
3 6 1986
4
5 1986 12 3 2
Victor v Victor 1912 1 247 McQuiban v McQuiban 1913 208
252
17 41900
6
17 51986
19867 2005
8
2004
1986
17 6
9
1991
10
17 711 12
13
6 Kerr v Kerr 1897 2 4397 Woodley v Woodley (No. 2) 1993 2 4778 2005 2005 527 449 1986 279 28110 1986 281 5
11 1986 285 312
13
253
14
15
17 8
16
17
17 9
17 10
17 11 12015
12 18
17 12
14 1986 285 115 1986 31016
17
18
254
17 13
17 14
19
Arguments for arrears being provable 17 15
Arguments that reform is undesirable 17 16
17 17
1986
20
19
20 1986 339 340 342 340 3
255
21
17 18
1222
2004
17 19
100
17 20
23
17 21
1991
1991
21 1986 314
22
1323
1996 2
256
17 22 24
17 23
25
26
27
17 24 2004
17 25
28
17 26
24
25 1986 310 226 1986 38527
28
257
258
259
18 1
2014
18 2
18 3
18 4
1
18 5
1 3
260
25 1 1973 2
18 6
2010
18 7
18 8
18 9
18 10
18 11
2 2004 5 23
261
18 123
4
18 13
5
18 14
18 15
18 16
6
3 64
5 36
262
18 17
18 18
7
18 19
18 20
18 21
1 1989 18
7 6 30 6 338
263
18 22
9
18 23
9 8 30
264
19 11
1
2
3
19 22
3
19 3 3
4 3 33 4
1
2012S v S 2014 7 2014 2
484
Al Khatib v Masry 2005 1 381 17
2 1 1 1
3 1 44 3 2
265
5
if both parties agree 6
19 4
19 5
7
19 6
19 7 Mann v Mann 8
9
9
10
5 3 46
7 26 48 2014 537 2014 1 28079
9 1710 Mann v Mann 2014 537 2014 1 2807 24
266
19 8 Mann v Mann
11
12
13
1
2
19 9
14
Mann v Mann
19 10
11 3 4 19 312
13
14 2015219 5 25
267
ADR is not generally appropriate at the stage of enforcement 19 11 15
16
Successful ADR requires both parties to be willing to engage in the process 19 12
Risk of ADR being used as a delaying tactic 19 13
19 14
15
268
19 15
19 16
19 17
19 18
16
269
17
Mann v Mann
19 19
19 20
17 19 8
270
20 1 3
20 2
20 31
The options for enforcement 20 4
2
1
2
3 3
20 5
1 4 16 4 192 43
271
4
20 6
5
Applications to court 20 7
6
20 8
20 9
6
Procedure following an application 20 10
4 35 13 27 13 296
272
Key principles and considerations 20 11
20 12
7
After an order is made 20 13
Costs 20 14
Allocation 20 15
8
Explanation of terms 20 16
7 138 6 28 6 34
273
Signposting and funding 20 17
9
10
20 18
11 12
13
Direction to the court
20 19
14
15
16
17
9
10
02 201602 2016
11
12
13 4 16 4 2014 18 3 18 815
16 18 15 18 1917 18 11 18 14
274
20 20
18
20 21
19
20 22
A timetable? 20 23
18
719 16 23 16 30
275
276
277
21 1
21 2
21 3
1
2
21 4
1
2
3
21 5
21 6
21 7
1
278
2
3
4
5
671
7
8
9
10
21 8
1
2
3
279
4
21 9
1
4
2
3
4
5
21 10
12007
2
3
280
4
5
6
7 2007
8
9
281
21 11 922007
21 12
21 13
21 14
21 15
1
2
3
21 161
1989
21 17
21 18
282
21 19
21 20
21 21
21 22 151984
21 23
21 24
1
2
21 25
1
2
21 26
283
1
2
3
21 27
1
2
3
4
21 28
21 29
1
2
21 30
21 31
21 32
284
21 33 24 197310 5 2004
21 34
21 35
21 36
1
2
3
4
5
21 37
21 3812
21 39
21 40
21 41
285
21 42
21 43
21 44
21 45
21 46
21 47
21 48 32 11973 63 5 2004
112 24
2
3
21 4931
1973
21 50
21 51
286
21 5273
21 53
21 54
2010
21 55
1
2
21 56
21 57
21 58
21 59
21 60
287
21 61 11 1989 81
Chairman
Chief Executive22 2016
288
289
290
291
292
6 500
293
1
1
1
30
294
295
296
297
1 1
11973 2004
2 1 1989
3
1 29 1
1 2
1 32013 20153 9
1 3 650
2 40 1 4
1
92
13 2016 11
2016 28 20164 1
298
1 4
5020155
1500
1 54 200
5 102 827 20152016 7
2016 28 2016
299
300
APPENDIX B
FIGURE 3
DISCLOSURE REQUIRED BY DEBTOR ON VARIOUS ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS
Enforcement application
Form of disclosure
56
56
140
301
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
302
9
10
11
12
303
13
14
15
304
16
500500
17
18
19
20
1 60
2
31
4
5
6
7
1
305
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
306
307
308
1 1
1 2
1
1 3
1 4
1
1971
309
500
625
2 500500 2 000
1 30028
1 50
21 300
3500
310
1 625 0
No payment to B as final protected balance not reached
2 625 0
No payment to B as final protected balance not reached.
3 337 50
Payment of £50 to A to reach final protected balance of £1,300.
50% of remaining payment of £575, paid to B and 50% to A (£50 + £287.50)
287 50
4 412 50
As final protected balance reached, 50% of total payment of £625 (so £312.50) is available to be paid to B. However, that would take payments to B over the £500 limit, so only £212.50 is paid to B (so as to reach the £500 limit) and remainder paid to A.
212 50
2 000 500
311
312
1
Record of examination(Individual)
In the
Claim No.
Appn. No.
EX140 Record of examination (individual) (04.03) Printed on behalf of The Court Service
Full Name
Present address
Do you intend moving to another address?
National insurance no.
Phone numbers:
home
mobile
Are you
Personal Information
Your age?
Do you have any dependant children?
Name Age
Judgment Creditor:
Judgment Debtor:
Yes
No
If Yes, what will your new address be and when are you moving?
married? single?
separated? divorced?
living with partner?
Do you have other dependants living with you, eg. elderly relatives?
If Yes, what are their names and ages?
If Yes, what are their names and ages and to what extent are they dependant?
work
other
Yes
No
Yes
No
Date
1
313
2
What is your occupation?
What is the name and address of your employer and your employee number?
Where is your place of work if different?
On which day are you paid?
Is your pay paid
What is your gross pay ie. before tax, national insurance deductions?
If Yes, ask for all the above details in relation to all other jobs and set out information below.
Employment Details
How often are you paid? weekly monthly other
What is your average take home pay including overtime and commission?
If direct to bank or building society account what is the name and address of the branch and account number?
£ per
Do you have any jobs other than your main job?
£ per
Are you employed? self employed? unemployed? retired?Go to section 3below
Go to section 4page 3
Go to section 5 page 5
Go to section 6page 5
in cash by cheque direct to bank or building society account?
Yes
No
[ Go to Section 7 page 5 ]
employee number
Employment Status2
3
account number
Do you receive Working Tax Credit?
Yes
No
If Yes, how much? £ per
314
3
How long have you been self employed?
What is your annual turnover?
What work do you do?
How much do you draw from the business?
What were your total drawings in last 12 months?
What is the name of your business?
What amount of pro t did the business make over the last year?
Are you a
How many employees do you have?
Self Employed
£ per £
£ £
sole trader? partner?
Do you have accounts?
If you donít have an accountant are accounts audited by a third party?
If Yes, what is the accountantís name and address?
Will you allow the creditor to approach your accountant or auditor or Inland Revenue to verify the information you have given in this section?
If Yes,give name and address and say when audit takes place?
Yes No
Do you have business premises? eg. shop, yard, lockup
Yes
No
If Yes, what is their address?
Do you employ an accountant?
Yes
No
Yes
No
Are you working on any contracts at the moment?
Name and address of customer
Nature of work Contract price £
Amount outstanding £
Date payment expected
Yes
No
Yes
No
If Yes, give details below
Date of audit
Do you complete Inland Revenue self assessment?
Yes No
4
If a partner, (a) How many partners are there?
(b) What is your share of the partnership ?
%
315
4
Is any money still due to you for work already done?
If money (see above) is overdue what steps are you taking to recover it?
Do you have contracts for work in the future?
Name and address of customer
Nature of work Contract price £
Amount outstanding £
Date payment expected
Name and address of customer
Nature of work Expected price £
Yes
No
If Yes, give details below
Yes
No
If Yes, give details below
[ Go to Section 7 page 5 ]
316
5
When did you retire?
By whom are your pension(s) paid, how much is paid and when? (include both state and private pensions)
Retired
Pension from Amount Frequency of payment
How long have you been unemployed?
What steps are you taking to obtain employment?
What is your trade / training /profession?
Do you have any outstanding job interviews?
What state bene ts do you receive?(Housing bene t, if any should be included section 8b on page 7)
Unemployed
Type of bene t Amount Frequency of payment DSS/BA ref.
Yes
No
If Yes, when?
Is there anyone else in your household who is employed? (Do not include tenants/lodgers. See section 8 on page 6)
If Yes, how much do they contribute to the running of the home?
Other Income
Yes
No
[ Go to Section 7 below]
[ Go to Section 7 below ]
[ Go to Section 8 page 6 ]
£ per
5
6
7
What other state bene ts do you receive?(Housing bene t, if any should be included section 8b on page 7)
Type of bene t Amount Frequency of payment DSS/BA ref.
317
6
Is your home your own property?Go to 8a below
lodgings?Go to 8b page 7
rented unfurnished from a private landlord?Go to 8b page 7
rented furnished from a private landlord?Go to 8b page 7
rented from a council or housing association?Go to 8b page 7
Are you the sole owner?
Do you own the
If No, name joint owner(s)
house? bungalow? at?
detached? semi-detached? terraced?
Residence
Your own property
living rooms? kitchens? bedrooms? bath/shower rooms?
freehold?
leasehold?
Is your home a
How much Council Tax do you pay per year?
What was the purchase price of property?
£
£
Is your home mortgaged? If Yes, what is the name and address of your mortgage lender?
How much are your mortgage payments per month?
What type of mortgage do you have? eg. repayment, endowment etc.
How long is the mortgage for?
When did you take out the mortgage?
How much is currently owed under the mortgage?
Is some or all of the interest paid by the Bene ts Agency?
£
years
£
£
other(e.g. mobile home) Go to 8b page 7
Yes
No
When did you buy the property?
How many of the following rooms does it have?
Yes
No
Is it
8
8a
What is its value now? £
If Yes, how much is paid each month?
Yes
No
318
7
What is the name and address of your landlord?How long have you lived at
the property?
Do you rent
How much rent do you pay?
Do you pay any additional service charges in connection with the premises?
Do you sub-let any part of your home?
Rented property
years
£ perHow much Council Tax do you pay a year?
on your own? jointly?
months
Yes
No
If Yes, give details
If Yes, give names of tenants/lodgers and details of rent received.
Yes
No
none
£
none
[ Go to Section 9 page 8]
[ Go to Section 9 page 8 ]
Do you share parts of your home with someone unconnected with you?
£ per
Do you have any loans secured on your home?(e.g. further mortgage)
Yes
No
If Yes, give the same details as for the rst mortgage
Yes
No
Do you receive housing bene t?
Yes
No
If Yes, give details £ per
paid to
8b
Do you let any part of your home?
Yes
No
If Yes, give names of the tenants/lodgers and details of rent received
319
8
Are you making contributions to a pension scheme?
Microwave
Hi- / surround sound
Television (No._____)
Video
Camcorder
Computer
Dishwasher
Camera
Dining Room suite
Caravan
Mobile telephone
Musical instruments..
Other itemsÖ .
Do you have any of the following items and how long have you had them?
If not owned by you, give;
Name of Creditor Amount still owed PaymentsAge
(years)
Is it owned by you, on hire purchase credit sale or rented?
Do you have any bank, building society or other accounts?
Do you have any shares, investments (eg. ISAs, Tessas etc.), insurance/assurance policies or premium bonds?
Savings, Investments and other Assets
Name(s) of joint account holder(s)
Name & Address of Bank Building Society
Account No.
Type of Account
Balance Sole or joint A/c
Yes No
If Yes, give details below
Yes NoIf Yes, give details below
Yes
No
If Yes, give details
9Do you own any property other than your home?
Yes
No
If Yes, give the address and value and details of any mortgages and lettings
320
9
Do you own a motor vehicle?
Do you have any assets not previously mentioned?
Does anyone owe you money, which is not a business debt or for work you have done?
Expenses Do not include payments made by other members of your household out of their own income or priority debts listed opposite
Other Debts or regular payments and court orders
Priority DebtsThis section is for arrears only. DO NOT include regular expenses listed left
Yes
No
If Yes, give details
Assets Value
Yes
No
If Yes, who owes you money and how much do they owe?
Value
Yes
No
If Yes, give age, make, model value and registration number. State whether it is owned by you, or subject to a hire purchase/ rental agreement.
Total arrears outstanding
Mortgage £ perRent £ perCouncil tax £ perGas £ perElectricity £ perWater charges £ perHousekeeping, food, school meals £ perTravelling expenses £ perChildrenís clothing £ perMaintenance/child support payments £ perStudent loan repayments £ perMail order payments £ perHP repayments £ perDigital/satellite TV subscriptions £ perTelephone £ perMobile phone £ per Other expenses £ per £ per £ per Total Expenses £ per
10
(not court orders, priority debts or credit debts listed left)
Rent arrears £ per £Mortgage arrears £ per £Council tax/Community charge arrears £ per £Water charge arrears £ per £ Fuel arrears: Gas £ per £ Electricity £ per £ Other £ per £ Maintenance arrears £ per £Income tax £ per £VAT £ per £National Insurance £ per £
Others (give details below) £ per £ £ per £ £ per £ £ per £ Total Priority Debts £ per £
321
10
Have any bankruptcy proceedings been issued against you?
If Yes, what is the court name and case no.
Has an Individual Voluntary Arrangement been made?
Give details of Trustee/Insolvency Practitioner/Administrator, supervisor
still pending?
Name of court and case number
Name of creditor Total still owed
If no, how much in arrears?
Are payments up to date? (yes/no)
TOTALS
Date of Judgment or order
Amount of Judgment or order
Name of Creditor Total amount owing
TOTALS
Do you owe money on credit cards or any other loans (not mortage or business)?
Have any court orders been made against you?
Yes
No
If Yes, give details below
Yes
No
If Yes, give details below
Yes
No
order has been made but not discharged?
order made but discharged?
other outcome? (give details below)
If no, how much in arrears?
Are payments up to date? (yes/no)
Instalments payable per month
Instalments payable per month
Yes
No
If Yes, give the date
Is the petition
If No, is there a current proposal for one?
Yes No
322
11
Offer of Payment
What is your offer of payment? Pay in full by day of Instalments of £ per to start on
Can you make an offer of payment? Yes No
The following costs of the examination have been allowed and added to the judgment debt £
Method of payment postal order cheque direct debit
standing order payment book cash
11
I certify that this is a correct record of the answers I gave to the questions in this document.
SignedPrint nameDate
The judgment debtor refused to sign this record of evidence.
Signed Court Of cerPrint nameDate
Judgment Debtor
If No, please explain why
323
12
The judgment debtor produced the following documents:
Documents produced12
324
325
326
327
Comments on the use of the EX140 as a financialstatement for enforcement of family financial orders
140
10
1
2 2 11
2
140
Documents to accompany the statement
14
1 http://www.cfs.moneyadvicetrust.org/2 https://www.moneyadviceservice.org.uk/en/corporate/industry support for single tool to help indebtedpeople
328
Comments on EX140 form
Number Section Comments
4
329
10
108
8
10
2004
330
331
3
3 https://www.gov.uk/options for paying off your debts/debt relief orders
332
333
334
335
1 91
1984 1984
2 1984
1984
3
2
3
Jurisdiction
19844 1984
1 4 2009 18 2008
2 MA v SK 2015 887 2016 1 310
3 15 7 M v M 2014925 2015 1 465
336
1
2
3
5 1984
1 34
6
4
5
6
7
5
4 1984 15 15 4 2009 3
337
7 6
7
8
8
9 77
10 1984
15 1 1984
11
7
7
121984
1
6 4 2009 47
8 4 2009 5
338
2
1984
9
1326
2016
1984
141984
10
1984
12 2
9 910
2012 Family Law 191
25 2016 Family Law Week 158523 2 2016
339
1511
12
198413
1615 1984
11 AA v BB 2014 4210 2015 2 125112 Ramadani v Ramadani 2015 1138 2016 1 113 Agbaje v Agbaje 2010 13 2010 1 628 57
