Form 4 ICT Notes Ls 53-66
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Transcript of Form 4 ICT Notes Ls 53-66
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8/13/2019 Form 4 ICT Notes Ls 53-66
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73 Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 2 Computer Systems
LESSONFIFTY-THREE: APPLICATIONSOFTWARE ADVANCED
FEATURESOFGRAPHICEDITING
APPLICATION SOFTWARE : GRAPHIC EDITING SOFTWARE
o Graphics Software or graphics editing software is a program that enabes a
person to manipuate !isua images on a computer"
o #$ampes of graphics software are %S Paint& 'dobe (ustrator&
PhotoFitre& 'dobe Photoshop& %acromedia Firewor)s& %acromedia
Freehand and #a*y+raw"
CROP
o (n graphics software& the crop too is used for cropping or cutting pictures
down to si*e"
o ,he re-uired area is seected using the crop too& then the crop is appied to
ea!e .ust the seected area"
PHOTO ENHANCE
o #nhancing pictures aows you to add new and e$citing effects to your
pictures to ma)e them better"
o Photo enhancements incude/
a" Cropping
b" Changing bac)ground
c" Combining eements from two or more pictures
d" 'dding or remo!ing coour
e" 'd.usting or modifying coours and si*e
f" 'dding other specia effects i)e borders or spotights
COMPARISON BETWEEN ADOBE PHOTOSHOP AND THE GIMP
o 'dobe Photoshop and GN0 (mage %anipuation Program 1G(%P are
e$ampes of graphics software which aow users to enhance and retouch
graphics"
o ,he former is proprietary software and is -uite e$pensi!e"
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o #ach copy or icense for 'dobe Photoshop CS that is purchased from
'dobe can ony be instaed on one primary computer and one secondary
computer"
o 0ni)e Photoshop& the G(%P can be instaed on as many machines as you
i)e as it is a free open source software"o Photoshop has an easy to use des)top and user interface"
o ,he oo) of the G(%P is simiar to Photoshop"
o oth empoy toobo$es with understandabe symbos"
o 'nd thus& the G(%P is as easy to use as Photoshop"
o ,he G(%P is comparabe to Photoshop with actua photo editing and
image manipuation toos"
o For e$ampe/
a" +rawing toos b" Cropping toos
c" Coour correction toos d" (mage enhancement toos
e" Layers f" Channes
g" Gradient editor
o 5owe!er& the G(%P does not ha!e a the features i)e 6path and
6actions that Photoshop has"
SUMMARY
o %ost graphics software ha!e features to crop and enhance you images
o Cropping is a process of cutting pictures down to si*e
o #nhancing pictures aows you to add new and e$citing effects to your
picture to ma)e them better
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LESSONFIFTY-FOUR: TYPESANDUSAGESOFUTILITYPROGRAMS
UTILITY PROGRAMS
o
' utility p!"#$ aso )nown as ser!ice program& is a type of systemsoftware that aows a user to perform maintenance9type tas)& usuay
reated to the managing of a computer& its de!ices& or its programs"
o ,hey enhance e$isting functions or pro!ide ser!ices not suppied by other
system software programs"
o %ost computers come with buit9in utiities as part of the system software"
o 5owe!er they may aso be bought separatey as e$terna utiity programs
such as Norton System:or)s and %c'fee 0tiities"
o 0tiity programs incuded with most operating system pro!ide the
foowing functions / managing fies& !iewing images& securing a computer
from unauthori*ed access& uninstaing programs& scanning dis)&
defragmenting dis)& diagnosing probem& bac)ing up fies and dis)& and
setting up screen sa!er"
FILE MANAGER
o Fie manager is the software used to manage fies on a dis)"
o (t pro!ides functions to deete& copy& mo!e& rename and !iew fies as we
as create and manage foders 1directories"
o Fie manager performs the tas)s of formatting and copying dis)s&
dispaying a ist of fies on a storage medium& chec)ing the amount of used
or free space on a storage medium& organising& copying& renaming&
deeting& mo!ing and sorting fies and aso creating shortcuts"
DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY
o ' diagnostic utiity compies technica information about a computer;s
hardware and certain system software programs and then prepares a report
outining any identified probems"
o (nformation in the report assists technica support staff in remedying any
probems"
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DIS% DEFRAGMENTER
o :hen an operating system stores data on a dis)& it paces the data in the
first a!aiabe sector on the dis)"
o (t attempts to pace data in sectors that are contiguous but this is not
aways possibe"
o :hen the contents of a fie are scattered across two or more non9
contiguous sectors& the fie is fragmented"
o ,he process of defragmentation is the reorgani*ing of the dis) so the fies
are store in contiguous sectors"
o ' fragmented dis) has many fies stored in non9contiguous sectors"
o +efragmenting reorgani*es the fies so they are ocated in contiguoussectors& which speeds access time"
SMALL UTILITY PROGRAMS
o 'n i$#"& 'i&(&dispays& copies& and prints the contents of a graphics
fie"
o ' p&)!*#l +i&(#lldetects and protects a computer form unauthori*ed
intrusions"
o 'n u*i*)t#ll&remo!es a program and any associated entries in the
system fies"
o ' ),&&* )#'&dispays a mo!ing image or ban) screen if no )eyboard or
mouse acti!ity occurs for a specified time"
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LESSONFIFTY-FIVE: MORETYPESANDUSAGESOFUTILITY
PROGRAMS
o ' utiity program is a type of system software that aows a user to
perform maintenance9type tas)s"
o :e wi oo) at more utiity programs that users commony use"
o ,hey are the/
a" bac)up utiity
b" data disco!ery program
c" !irus protection program 1anti!irus
d" data compressor
e" dis) scanner
f" dis) ceanup utiity
BAC%UP UTILITY
o ac)up utiity aows users to copy or bac) up& seected fies or an entire
hard dis) to another storage medium"
o (t is important because the program aows user to retrie!e data if the hard
dri!e fais and there are no more programs or fies that can function"
o #$ampe / Norton Ghost from Symantec
DATA RECOVERY
o ' data reco!ery utiity is used to restore the data that has been physicay
damaged or corrupted"
o
+ata can be damaged by !iruses& bad software& hardware faiure& powerfuctuations that occur whie data is being written or recorded"
ANTIVIRUS PROTECTION
o (t is essentia that you insta anti!irus software" 'nti!irus software is a
utiity program that scans the hard dis)s& foppy dis) and memory to detect
!iruses"
o Some utiities destroy the !irus on the spot" =thers notify you of a possibe
!ira beha!iour"
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o #$ampe/ Norton 'nti!irus& %c'fee;s ?irusScan"
VIRUS PROTECTION
o 'nti!irus utiities normay oo) for !irus signatures to identify a !irus"
o 0sers of anti!irus utiities must update the !irus definition fies as often as
possibe to ensure that such fies contain patterns for newy disco!ered!iruses"
o (f an anti!irus utiity cannot remo!e the !irus& it often -uarantines the
infected fie in a separate area of a hard dis) unti the !irus can be
remo!ed"
o %ost anti!irus utiities can create a reco!ery dis) to remo!e or repair
infected programs and fies"
o (n e$treme cases& a hard dis) may need to be reformatted to remo!e a
!irus"
DATA COMPRESSION
o +ata compression utiity is a utiity that remo!es redundant eements& gaps
and unnecessary data from a computer;s storage space so that ess space is
re-uired to store or transmit data"
o :ith the increasing use of arge graphics& sound& and !ideo fies& data
compression is necessary both to reduce the storage space re-uired and to
reduce the time re-uired to transmit such arge fies o!er a networ)"
o Compressed fies are sometimes caed *ipped fies because they usuay
ha!e a "@(P e$tension"
o ' compressed fie must be un*ipped or restored to its origina form before
being used"
o ,wo popuar fie compression utiities are PA@(P and :in@ip"
DIS% SCANNER AND DIS% CLEANUP
o ,hese utiities detect and correct certain types of common probems on
hard dis) and foppies and search for and remo!e unnecessary fies& such
as temporary fies or temp fies"
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o oth windows and the appications you run create temp fies needed ony
for short tas)s and system restore after certain types of system probems"
,hese fies are stored in the ,emp foder"
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LESSONFIFTY-SI: PROPRIETARYANDOPENSOURCESOFTWARE
o :hat is a Linu$D
o :hat is an %S9+=SD
o Linu$ and %S9+=S are operating systems but what is the differencebetween themD
PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
o Proprietary software is aso caed cosed source software"
o ,he cosed source software or proprietary software offers a stabe system
with support if the software fais or mafunction"
o #$ampes of proprietary software are
a" %S9+=S b" %ac =S c" 0N(E d" Soaris
o (t is usuay controed by a singe company& on which you are dependent
for upgrades and fi$es"
OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE
o Software whose icense permits anyone to use it for any reason& as we as
access& modify& copy& and distribute modified copies of the source code"
o =pen source software pro!ided is for use& modification and redistribution"
o Software that any programmer can downoad from the (nternet for free and
modify with suggested impro!ements"
o ,he ony -uaification is that changes can;t be copyrighted"
o ,his software is !ery popuar because this software is not cosed software
any programmer can ma)e impro!ements which can resut in better -uaity
software"
o #$ampes of open source software/
a" Linu$ is the popuar muti9tas)ing 0N(E type operating system"Some !ersions of Linu$ are command ine" =thers are G0("
b" Linu$ is a free !ersion of 0N(E and its continua impro!ements resutfrom the efforts of tens or thousands of !ounteer programmers" (t is
originay buit for use on the (nternet"
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c" ,he two most popuar G0(s a!aiabe for Linu$ are GN=%# andA+#"
d" %any appication programs& utiities and pugins ha!e Linu$ !ersionsincuding =pen=ffice"org& P5P9Nu)e& %o*ia& ,he G(%P& Cam'?&
=penL+'P& 'udacity and Hed5at"
e" 0sers can obtain Linu$ in a !ariety of ways" Some downoad it forfree from the web" =thers purchase it from !endors"
COMPARING THREE MA.OR OPERATING SYSTEMS
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LESSONFIFTY-SEVEN: ADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESOF
PROPRIETARYSOFTWARE
o ?endors of proprietary software say 6)eeping the source code cosed ma)e
their product more secured"
o Aeeping the source code cosed might deter some hac)ers& but the arge
number of successfu attac)s against :indows and other proprietary
software pro!es that it certainy does not pro!ide any )ind of high e!e
security"
o
,here are ad!antages and disad!antages of proprietary software from theperspecti!es of both the manufacturer and the user"
ADVANTAGES OF PRODUCING PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
5ere are some ad!antages to the company that produces proprietary software"
o ,he producing company creates software that must be purchased in order
to be instaed and used& thus gi!ing room for profit"
o ,he company can set imit to the icense of use" ,his wi aow thecompany to contro and monitor the instaation and distribution of the
software sod"
ADVANTAGES OF USING PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
,he ad!antages of using proprietary software are/
o ,he software offers a stabe system support it if fais or mafunctions"
,his is usuay a!aiabe onine and offine"o ,he software is safe and guaranteed to be safe from dubious threats i)e
programming bugs and !iruses thus pro!iding ease of mind for the user"
o ,he software is easier to insta and used as the production is panned and
e$tensi!e research is carried out to ensure users purchase ony the best"
o Free updates and atest information on the software are usuay pro!ided to
the users"
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DISADVANTAGES OF PRODUCING PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
+isad!antages of producing proprietary software are/
o %anufacturers are often under massi!e amounts of pressure to reease the
software before it is ready& causing ma.or probems ater" ,his is because
the reease of software woud affect the profit"
o Security is a ma.or issue" %anufacturers wi ha!e to in!est in an ongoing
research against threats from hac)ers"
DISADVANGES OF USING PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
+isad!antages to users using proprietary software are/
o 0sers need to spend a ong time downoading and instaing security
patches to fi$ bugs announced by the manufacturer"
o 'ny impro!ements woud usuay re-uire fees& which is often e$pensi!e"
o 0sers are not aowed to distribute and share the software as they are
icensed"
o Customi*ing the software is neary impossibe as users do not ha!e access
to the programming codes because when users buy proprietary software
they wi recei!e a binary !ersion of the program& not the code& as the codeis the manufacturer;s trade secret"
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LESSONFIFTY-EIGHT: ADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESOFOPEN
SOURCESOFTWARE
o 5a!e you heard about Linu$D
o Linu$ is one of the fastest growing operating system"
o Linu$ is an e$ampe of open source software& which means& its code is
pro!ided for use& modification and redistribution"
o ,here are other open source software& such as Firefo$ and G(%P"
o (n addition to the basic operating system& Linu$ aso incudes many free
utiity programs"
o 0sers obtain Linu$ in a
!ariety of ways" Some
downoad it free from
the web" =thers purchase
it from !endors for a
minima fee"
o ,here are aso open
source browsers such asFirefo$ and open source
image editor I the
G(%P"
o ,he G(%P is !ery
reiabe and cost effecti!e for norma users who do not need the e$tra
features offered in other graphics software such as 'dobe Photoshop"
ADVANTAGES OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
Some ad!antages of open source software/
o ,he source codes are a!aiabe to users and they ha!e the rights to modify
them
o ,his wi aow impro!ements to the software without ha!ing to in!est
arge sums of money in research and de!eopment
o ,he modified and impro!ed source codes can be freey redistributed
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MORE ADVANTAGES OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
o ,he open source software is created according to industry demands but
aows for upgrades to ta)e pace freey when the need arises"
o ,herefore& if bugs in the codes are found& they can be fi$ed by anyone
interested and capabe"
o Fi$es and patches to rectify the bugs are rapidy de!eoped"
o ,he software can be used in any way and for any ega purposes"
o ,here is no restriction in a uniatera way on how the software coud be
used"
DISADVANTAGES OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWAREo Since nobody in particuar is responsibe for the codes& there is no e$act
)nowedge and assurance on when the codes are going to be fi$ed if there
are bugs in it"
o ,hus& users wi ha!e to use the probematic software unti someone
rectifies the probem"
MORE DISADVANTAGES OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
=ther disad!antages of open source software are/
o ,he codes are too compicated for no!ice users to understand"
o ,here is no particuar officia monitoring the wor)s of a programmer
impro!ing the codes"
o ,his is because anyone is free to use& modify or e!en distribute the codes"
o =pen source software usuay comes without warranty and after saessupport shoud the software fai or mafunction"
o ,his is because the software is usuay distributed free of charge or sod
for !ery minima fees"
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LESSONSITY-SI: PERVASIVECOMPUTING
o ,here are many technoogicay ad!anced
de!ices in!ented to hep in our daiy chores"
o %any of these technoogicay ad!anced de!icesha!e begun to be a part of our daiy i!es"
WHAT IS PERVASIVE COMPUTING
o Per!asi!e computing means the technoogy that
is gracefuy integrated in our e!ery day ife"
,he user is no onger aware of this embedded
technoogy"
o Per!asi!e computing uses web technoogy&
portabe de!ices& wireess communications and
nomadic or ubi-uitous computing systems"
o =ther terms for per!asi!e computing are
0bi-uitous Computing& Cam ,echnoogy& and
,hings that ,hin)"
o Per!asi!e computing de!ices are not persona
computers& but !ery tiny I e!en in!isibe9de!ices& either mobie or embedded in amost
any type of ob.ect imaginabe& incuding cars&
toos& appiances& cothing and !arious
consumer goods 9 a communicating through
interconnected networ)s"
o #$pert predict per!asi!e computing in year
2 wi become so naturai*ed within the
en!ironment that peope wi not e!en reai*e
that they are using
computers"
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EAMPLES OF PERVASIVE COMPUTING
o 'n e$ampe of per!asi!e computing in our daiy i!es is the automatic
,ouch Jn Go Smart,ag to gate"
o 'nother e$ampe of per!asi!e computing in daiy i!es is the 3G
technoogy !ideo phone"
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